...Kaemia Howard (19075564) Anatomy and Physiology The Aging Musculoskeletal System At the age of 84, your bones have taken a toll throughout your life time. This leaves you susceptible to a few bone diseases. Three of the most common diseases are Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Muscular Atrophy. With Osteoporosis, it is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone. Since our bones undergo bone remodeling quite often in the younger years we do not think of the potential or likelihood of being diagnosed with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis. However as we age our bones do not recover and remodel as fast, causing loss of bone density. The more mass that is “banked” when younger leads to the smaller risk of having the disease. Much like Osteoporosis is Osteoarthritis. The more wear and tear you put on your bones and joints the more susceptible you are to Osteoarthritis. With these disorders maintain a popular quo among the elderly; the future diagnosis is almost certain to happen. An 84 year old thin female has more than likely already been diagnosed with one of the two disorders, if not both. Osteoarthritis can be very painful and can on more than one occasion hinder any plans that have been set forth, from a trip to the grocery store or an entire vacation. This is especially true of those who have the arthritis in their hands, fingers and knees. The final...
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...The Aging Musculoskeletal System Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become thinner and fragile because of low bone density. This condition puts people at risk of fractures. Men in women are both affected by osteoporosis, but women are affected more than men. Postmenopausal woman are more likely to develop the condition, this is an asymptomatic condition. Our 84 year small boned white female is a candidate for osteoporosis. The most common risk factors are small frame, gender, age, ethnicity, and genetics. (MacGill, 2015) Osteoarthritis mostly affects the joint; it is sometimes called the degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people. More men are affected than women with osteoarthritis. Younger people can develop the disease usually as a result of a joint injury, a joint malformation, or a genetic defect. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of the cartilage breaks and wears away; this than allow the bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling and loss of motion of the joint. Joints that the disease affects most are the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees and hips. Stiffness, swelling and crunching feeling in the joints areas would be a signs of osteoarthritis. (Gayle Lester, Ph.D., Joan McGowan, Ph,D.,, 2013) Muscular Atrophy is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue. There are two types of muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy is when the muscle is not being use enough; this type is reversible with exercise and better...
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...Musculoskeletal system: The Musculoskeletal System’s function is to allow movement, supporting the body, protecting vital organs, and provides form for the body. The organs include bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues. HOW IT WORKS WITH THE OTHER SYSTEMS The Musculoskeletal System works with the Nervous System because you're brain and nerves control the movement of you're muscles The Musculoskeletal System works with the Digestive System because you're teeth are bones which chew your food up and that's the first step in digestion. The Musculoskeletal System Works with the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems beacasue in order the move you have to have oxygen for your muscles. The Respiratory...
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...UNIT 4: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT TITLE: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:j PECTORAL GIRDLE: The human appendicular skeleton is made up of bones of both the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Within the skeletal system a limb girdle can be referred to the bones which connect a limb to the axial skeleton. There is the pectoral girdle also known as shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle also known as hip girdle which are the bony apparatus with which a limb is joined to the trunk. The pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle are both sturdy sockets for the limb joints although the pectoral girdle is larger and flexible it does not bear a lot of weight and it can be a shallow socket for limb attachment. Whereas the pelvis girdle on...
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...For this assignment I will be describing the musculoskeletal and energy systems and their responses to acute exercise. I will also be describing the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to the acute exercise. I will be explaining the response of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems due to acute exercise. P1 The musculoskeletal system is a system which makes sure it provides, support, its form, stability and movement to the body. It’s made up of the bones which are in the skeleton and other connected tissues that supports and joins the organs together. The response to the acute exercise for the musculoskeletal system enables the body to move through a system of muscles, bones, tendons, cartilage and the ligaments. The different parts of the system are operated by the nervous system. So this is the main control area in the brain, this would create the voluntary muscles movements such as kicking a ball. Your body will move through different and individual muscle contractions. Most muscles have an insertion in a bone this is when the muscle is contracted; the bone is pulled to the contracted muscle. In the skeletal system it provides the main structure for the body, whereas the muscular system will enable movements, this will help maintain the posture of the body....
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...This study will cover the equine cardiovascular and the musculoskeletal systems in the equine. In which shall be included a discussion on the effects of each system during different levels of exercise. Cardiovascular system The equine cardiovascular system is designed in a particular way, to ensure optimal transport of oxygen from the upper respiratory tract to the rest of the organs and body tissues and to maintain a regular blood pressure (Evans & Rose, 1988) Marlin and Nankervis, in 2002, stated that “the blood vessels form two main circuits known as systemic and pulmonary circulations”. The systemic circulation refers to the blood going from the left hand side of the heart, to all the organs and tissues, and then back to the right hand...
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...Health Issues in Aging The Aging Musculoskeletal System January 19, 2014 The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system which, as the name implies consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones, usually by tendons. With advancing age, all tissues and organs suffer many changes in the normal way it functions and the muscles normally suffer the most damage. Research indicates that the aging of the musculoskeletal system starts usually after age 30 but it may start a little early or later in different individuals depending upon their genetic makeup ,dietary and environmental factors as well aslifestyle choices. Commonly Observed Changes Some of the most commonly observed changes in the anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system with aging are: a decrease in the total amount of muscle fibers due to the depressed productive capacity of cells to produce proteins. In addition, the size of muscles cells, fibers and tissue; this is also knownas generalized muscular atrophy. There is total loss of muscle bulk, power and strength of all major muscle groups like deltoids, biceps, triceps, hamstrings, and other major muscles. One can also expect wasting or wear and tear of the protective cartilage of joints that normally acts as a shock-absorber and gliding...
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...to our announcements: Do you ever wake up and think about your musculoskeletal system. Many of us don’t.... arthritis can be a part of not having a good skeletal system. Risk factors include age, joint injuries such as falls or sport playing, obesity, family history and sex. Females tend to have more problems than men.... Want to make sure we can have a healthy skeletal system as we get older.... then listen to this: Remember your mother telling you to always stand straight? Or if you were in the military how your drill sergeant would make you stand straight? Now that we are older in age, if we didn’t listen we sure our paying for it now. Our musculoskeletal system is our overall body and if we didn’t before, we need to take care of it now. There are many factors that we can take into consideration for healthy musculoskeletal system.... such as nutrition. Calcium is something we need. We can get this from green leafy vegetable and dairy. We can avoid the loss of calcium by avoiding sodas and coffee. We can also take vitamin d, magnesium and omega 3. Want to keep it natural. Yoga never sounded so good. Regular exercise and stretching such as yoga also helps us keep it healthy. So next time you walk buy and look at the yoga classes and laugh, just keep in mind that their musculoskeletal system is staying healthy. References Health-choices-for-life.com. Care and Feeding of the Musculoskeletal System ** Radio Ad Good Morning. Thank you for listening to 92.3 the...
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...Solution to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sonography Sonography, as a profession, is often enticing. When most individuals think of sonography, the thought that comes to mind is a sonogram with the pictures of a baby in gestation within a mother’s womb. Though this can be an interesting and rewarding career choice, this profession, as in most, can have its drawbacks. Many sonographers are at risk of suffering from musculoskeletal injuries and a significant amount are already experiencing injuries, especially those with considerable workloads and ones who have been in the profession for a large amount of time. In order to make sonography a safer profession, the work environment of sonographers must be redesigned with better ergonomics in mind. Having a safer ergonomic design must play an essential part of equipment design, along with changes to the layout of the work setting. Musculoskeletal Disorder also known as work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) can include a number of symptoms ranging from swelling and inflammation of the muscles, spasms, tingling or burning sensations, to the loss of sensation completely (Coffin, 2014). In certain cases, a loss of muscle strength can occur. While this disorder is accumulative, the symptoms considered to be small can evolve to become more critical and also debilitating. Among North American sonographers in 1997, the occurrences of musculoskeletal injury were 84% and increased to 90% in 2008 (Coffin, 2014). According to the...
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...This essay makes an attempt to address Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders. Also attempted, is a developmental design and evaluation of an appropriate individualized education goals and the issues surrounding the disorder of the above mentioned disease. Within the design, several directives will be accomplished: two (2), appropriate individualized education goals to meet the needs of the student. An analytical view, of the disorder, and what the specifics are associated with these type(s) of disorders. What the salient complications are as a result of the disorder, the particulars of finances and assistance as they affect the educational system. What treatment options are available, rehabilitation, and are there any appropriate educational interventions to address the situation. Lastly, what are the teacher's responsibilities, in terms of meeting the needs of students with curvature of the spine, hip conditions, limb deficiency, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders? (2) Appropriate Individualized Educational Goal: Two appropriate individualized education goals; Annual Goals: Jessica is a 14 year girl who is also a sophomore, with an orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder, she will have the ability to join in with her classmates in activities that; will allow her the use of her hands, shoulders and much more, far more than she was previously able to do. These activities include; the ability to produce her own written assignments and use...
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...SURVEY Visible skin Facial expression/Mood (Grimace, Flat Affect, Pleasant, Distress, SOB) Nutritional Status (Cachexia, Obesity, Well-nourished) Grooming/Hygiene (UnKempt, Neat, Poor Hygiene) Gross Anatomical Deformities EXAMPLES #3 SKIN SKIN • Integument • Color Pigmentation Cyanosis Jaundice Erythema • • • • Moisture Temperature Texture Turgor SKIN (CONT’D) Vascularity Edema Lesions ABCD: Asymmetry Border irregularity Color Diameter HAIR AND SCALP Hair: Color Distribution Quantity Thickness Texture Lubrication NAILS Condition of nails reflects: General health State of nutrition Occupation Level of self-care Age #4 NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM ““ SMILE FOR ME” NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Orientation (person, place, time, purpose) 12 Cranial Nerves/Sensation Glascow Coma Scale 12 CRANIAL NERVES Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Auditory Glossopharngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal #5 HEAD & NECK COMPONENTS OF HEAD & NECK • • • • • • Ears Nose Eyes Throat Neck Lymph Nodes EYES Inspect • Anterior Eyes • Eyelashes • Conjunctivae • Tear Ducts EYE EXAMINATION • • • • • • • CN’s II, III, IV,& VI Six Cardinal Fields of Gaze Visual Acuity Cover-Uncover Test PERRLA Peripheral Vision Ophthalmic Exam OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATION...
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...In addition, military PTs plays important roles as primary care provider especially in musculoskeletal conditions (Greathouse, 2009). Military system PTs are considers as physician extenders to treat patient's condition with conservative method for musculoskeletal condition with accurate manners and effective results (McGill, 2013). There is no any record or legal action noted against US army PTs autonomous practice to refer for diagnostic...
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...explain about background of project, objectives, problem statement, scope of project. i. Project Title Car Jack with pneumatic system. ii. Abstract The students design a new model car jack with pneumatic system. Pneumatic system is a power transmission system that uses the force of flowing gases to transmit power. A problem statement about car jack is a lot of people need an ergonomics design to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders can affect the body’s muscles, joints, tendond, ligament, and nerves. Such as the discs in back bones. The scope of the project is the students have to design a car jack with the ergonomics design based on the human body. There are three main parts of the product. The first parts is spiral balloon. The second part is one way control valve. The third part is hose lock. iii. Keyword Carjack, ergonomics, design, pneumatic system, human body. iv. Background of Project The project is an assignment of the Industrial Design and Ergonomics. Based on the ergomics and human function, the student must design a car jack with ergonomics to help human. In this time, car jack help people to change tire. But a lot of the car jack, use a lot of energy from operator the car jack. So, we design a new model car jack with pneumatic system. Pneumatic system is a power transmission system that uses the force of flowing gases to transmit power. So, we don’t use a lot of energy to lift the car. There are three main parts...
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...The musculoskeletal system is the body system that consists of muscles, bones, neuromuscular junctions, ligaments, and tendons. The purpose of the musculoskeletal system is to generate force and to produce movement. This is done by contracting muscles which in turn pull bones and create movement. Like any body system, function follows form, and vice versa. The anatomy and position of the neuromuscular junction, sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules allow action potential to quickly spread across the entire muscle. The construction of a sarcomere allows it to contract quickly and efficiently. On the other hand, muscle contraction demonstrates that form follows function, as it is necessary for muscles to contract in a quick and coordinated...
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...Risk factors emerge in the task environment conditions such as loads, equipment controls and tools that are manipulated manually and repetitively. Risk factors may trigger acute injury such as back pain or chronic illnesses such as carpel tunnel syndrome and tendinitis syndrome. In brief, ergonomic is a scientific approach to identifying and controlling work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) injuries or illnesses of the muscles, tendons, joints and nerves that are caused or aggravated by work (Batson September...
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