...show findings how some Buddhists, especially those of Theravada, believe the Eight Garudhammas are not really teachings of Buddha. Finally I will compare and talk about the differences of becoming ordained as a man or woman in Buddhism. The Eight Garudhammas date back to 1000 of years ago, which are the eight heavy rules which bhikkhunis (nuns) must follow in order to become fully ordained. Since these “rules” date back so many years and also from a different language, the translations have changed over the years. The Eight Garudhammas are as follows: 1. A nun who has been ordained even for a hundred years must greet respectfully, rise up from her seat, salute with joined palms, do proper homage to a monk ordained but that day, 2. A nun must not spend the rains in a residence where there are no monks, 3. Every half month a nun should desire two things from the Order of Monks : the asking as to the date of the Observance day, and the coming for the exhortation (bhikkhunovada), 4. After the rains a nun must 'invite' before both Orders in respect of three matters, namely what was seen, what was heard, what was suspected, 5. A nun, offending against an important rule, must undergo manatta discipline for half a month before both Orders, 6. When, as a probationer, she has trained in the six rules (cha dhamma) for two years, she should seek higher ordination from both Orders, 7. A Monk must not be abused or reviled in...
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...women while others ignore the overall essence of gender and instead practice equality. Islam and Buddhism are familiar religions that treat gender in somewhat similar yet distinct ways. For some religions, specifically Muslims, there has always been a sense of ridicule towards their Islamic society. Muslim women experience struggle and a continuous desire for acceptance within the world. People have come to conclusions that “eastern women, and especially Muslim women, are the most oppressed and downtrodden women on earth, and that although Islam may have something interesting to say on some level, it certainly has nothing to offer on the level of women’s role in society” (McCloud 211). This feeling of neglect is similar to that of the nun and monk community. In most cultures a family will do all that they can to prevent their son or daughter to choose the monastic life because it minimizes family contact and obligations. The feeling of rejection from family can also need some adapting, but can...
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...Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo was born on June 30, 1943 to fishmongers in London, England. While Jetsunma was a child she always felt like she didn't belong with the religious beliefs she was raised with. Consistently throughout her childhood she would read books and study other religious beliefs, in an attempt to find her true spiritual path. It wasn't until Jetsunma was 18 and finally read a book about Buddhism while stuck at the airport with her mother. After reading the book Jetsunma proclaimed to her mother that she was in fact a Buddhist. Jetsunma decided early on that she would not mind renouncing worldly pleasures like clothing, tv, and food. She was convinced the Buddhist nun life was the spiritual path for her. Jetsunma moved to India at...
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...enlightenment. There are three sections to the Tiitaka; the Sutras, Vinaya, and Abhidharma. The Sutras are the discourses that contain the Buddha’s basic teachings. The Vinaya is about the monastic discipline, and consists of six volumes in English. Abhidharma has the seven scholastic treaties based on teachings of Buddhism. The Triple Gem are three statements the Buddhists follow. 1. I take refuge in the Buddha. 2. I take refuge in the dharma. 3. I take refuge in the sangha. The first one “I take refuge in the Buddha” means to honor and respect the Buddha as a teacher. The second “I take refuge in the dharma” means to study and use the teachings of the Buddha. The third “I take refuge in the sangha” means to participate in the monastic community founded by the Buddha. The Vipassana meditation can be translated as insight or mindfulness. The Laity is learning from monks and nuns, giving alms to support the sangha. (2)Buddhists take Gotama Buddha’s life as their religion because of everything he believed in their people, then he showed them what it was like and they believed in the rituals and all of the beliefs. Yes it is true that most of Buddhism is founded in Gotama because at first he believed in Hinduism. He created this religion and made others believe in something completely different. (3)The Four Noble Truths are the essence of Buddhism because they focus on the individual and his desires or greed. They imply morality the lets the individual understand they’re...
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...Decades after sprawl infected American suburbia there has been a movement called new urbanism which thought to fight the effects of sprawl. Looking at sprawl we can use the Lowcountry as a case study. When taking Charleston and the outer lying towns into consideration, we see that their minimal public transportation and large highways that are often congested and problematic to the daily commuter. Unfortunately, this area, in my opinion, does have a smaller scale of sprawl. In order to do any daily activity, it is almost entirely dependent on car travel. Although we do have the Carta bus system it is often looked over by many residents. This area has developed so quickly that local governments didn't fully grasp how much a quality public transit...
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...sakin po kasi kayo ang naging best teacher namin sa values kahit po ngayon lang tayo nagkasama naging mabait kayo samin. First of all po gusto ko mag thank you sa mga bagay na naituro niyo samin, mga bagay na natutunan naming sa inyo, sa lahat ng pagtitiis sa kakuletan namin. Sorry po sa mga sakit ng ulo na naibigay namin sa inyo, sa magulong classroom na inyong nakikita pag dumadating kayo sa room namin, at mga maingay na estudyante. Sana po ay maging more patience kayo sa mga bago niyong matuturuan next year. I hope po na mas madaming blessing ang dumating sa life niyo, and makita niyo na si mr.right hehehe…peace tau ma’am (^___^v). 10 years from now In 10 years from now I want to be an elementary teacher. Now all I want is to study so I can reach my dreams. Para matulungan ko sila papa at mama sa pag papa-aral sa aking mga kapatid. Para makapagtapos sila ng pag-aaral at para tulungan din ako sa pag iipon para sa aming kinabukasan. At pra na din masuklian namin lahat ng naibigay at sinakripisyo ng aming mga mababait at walang sawang umiintindi sa amin, ang aming magulong. Gusto ko makita na nagrerelax sila mama at papa ko kasi pagod to the max talaga kasi sila ngayon. Sa 10 years na yun ang ginagawa lang nila ay magpahinga at may masarap na buhay. Kami namang magkakapatid magtutulungan para guminhawa ang buhay namin. Sama sama kami sa lungkot, saya, at kahit nag aaway away kaming apat. Gusto ko maging teacher kasi yun talaga ang gusto ko nung bata pa ko. Tsaka gusto...
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...Religious Studies Salvation: Hinduism Buddhism arose within the context of Hinduism and have shared parallel beliefs for that have existed side by side for generations, but also very pronounced differences. Both traditions have religious professionals that have responsibilities and salvation tasks for their followers. Monks, nuns and gurus are significant to respective religions as well as practices like meditation and asceticism. Hinduism instills in men that they have the potential to do good if he does the spiritual exercises it prescribes. Hindus spirituality is loving and complying with god, having the peace and joy of the Holy Spirit, escaping from the body to succeed in having no desire or emotion to not be controlled by what is material. Hindus believe that being saved is escaping from what is material and that they can escape from the circle of death and rebirth (reincarnation) by seeking what is only spiritual Guru in Hinduism is spiritual teacher or a guide that has achieved spiritual insight and offers individual and or group coaching to guide you into a spiritual path. In Hinduism it is believed that the ultimate goal in life is to achieve moksha (the ending cycle of death and rebirth) and the guru is the guidance to achieve such quest. Brahman (The self), is the only Being, the Sole Existent, the One Mind. (Elwood, pg59), the ultimate goal and absolute of Hinduism. The self, is the all-knowing God. He is not born. He does not die. He is neither...
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...This article titled, “Aging and Alzheimer’s disease lessons from the Nun Study” by David A. Snowdon was mainly focused around Sister Mary. Only 4.5 feet tall and 85 pounds she was born in 1892 and at the time was 101.5 years of age. The article goes into explaining her life background of how she went back to school and received her high school diploma when she was 41 years old and through the years was teaching in different school systems. After being an active retiree she listened to scientists of the University of Kentucky and agreed when the head scientist said that donating your brain for research on Alzheimer’s is very beneficial. She was all for it and joined 678 school sisters in signing up. She almost at the maximum age for the study where the range of ages were from 75 to 102. After being put through a series of tests her last test in the Nun study was Mini Mental State Examination where she scored high which was remarkable due to her age and less formal education than other participants. After death of most of the subjects neuropathical evaluations were completed on 118 sisters. Scientists had many findings with Sister Mary and other sisters such as nuerofibrillary tangles in the neocortex and brain weight. They found that the different scores on the tests given related to the brain function to the sisters after they had past away. One main purpose it seems it his study is to find out what happens in someone’s life that triggers this disease and where it effects. The...
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...centuries, or even earlier, the study of nursing research and theories is a 20th and 21st century phenomena. The act of nursing is rooted in the Greco-Roman tradition of humanista, which core values are respect for the dignity of person, and the right to be free of pain and suffering; and the Judaic – Christian tradition of Caritas, with core values of solidarity with the sick, hungry, homeless, and hopeless (Evers, 2003). Coming from this line of thought it is not surprising that Florence Nightingale as a professed Christian chose to care and advocate for the sick and poor. The study and history of professional nursing science, research, and theories although a late 20th and 21st century phenomena, is said to begin with Florence Nightingale. Her use of mathematical and statistical data to show the relevance of her findings; that environmental factors can, and do influence patient’s rate of recovery was the beginning of nursing research and science as it is known today. One could almost imply that Nightingale knew that outcome measures needed to be “relevant, and address both the constant and variable components in order to determine effectiveness of an outcome” (Blackwood, 2006). Over the past centuries, Nursing as an independent science has emerged as a rich culture of theoretical perspectives and frame-works that have impacted the profession positively. Until the mid-1800s the act of nursing was performed by spiritual leaders, nuns, and lay women. Nursing was not...
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...He is one of the murderers and also has had a terrible childhood that consisted of both mental and physical abuse that left him scarred with unwanted memories and experiences. After living through his adolescent age and some of his young adult years, Perry behaves a certain way and believes certain things. Some of his beliefs would seem ridiculous to others such as his wariness of nuns as he believes that, “’Nuns are a bad-luck bunch’” (46 Capote). But later on in the book readers come to learn that Perry’s tragic upbringing had lead him to believe such a thing. On page 132 of In Cold Blood during Perry’s personal statement to Capote he asserts that over his childhood years, “not long afterwards my mother put me to stay in a catholic orphanage. The one where the Black Widows were always at me. Hitting me. Because of wetting the bed. Which is one reason I have an aversion to nuns.” This small excerpt from Perry’s statement so clearly lets the reader see that he was raised to believe that nuns were bad luck because of his childhood. He was essentially nurtured to be afraid of nuns. Being afraid of nuns, especially back in the 20th century where there was a strong connection with the church and the people, was rarely heard of. Perry was subjected to months, maybe years, od torture under a...
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...Lama of Tibet. He lived in a homeland called Lhaso. Tibetan culture is the way which the position of spiritual and secular leader practice Buddhism. One aspect of the Dalai Lama’s training differs symbolically. He read important scriptures from the Bible and attended many meetings in his spare time. In 1954, he looked at the rewards of Communism. Chinese soldiers attacked and destroyed Tibetan religious institutions. He complained to Chairman Mao. He quoted, “Religion is poison.” Dalai Lama concluded what a horrible thing it was. In 1956, he accepted Prime Minister Nehru’s invitation. While he was at the celebration, Nehru warned him about the war in Tibet. Dalai Lama went on with his monastic studies. While he resided in his summer home, he almost got kidnapped by the Chinese forces. His only escape was to leave India immediately. He continued with the campaign saving Tibet from there. Two weeks later, he reached India for a new beginning. His young life in India was very different than his life in his homeland. Now he took full charge of his life and creates policies with his personal principles. After he arrived in India, he continued reform in the community. He opened settlement communities and monasteries. He preserved the Tibetan cultural symbol for devastation and genocide. He symbolized his contact with political leaders, scientists, musicians, psychologists, and other walks of life. Dalai...
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...Lama of Tibet. He lived in a homeland called Lhaso. Tibetan culture is the way which the position of spiritual and secular leader practice Buddhism. One aspect of the Dalai Lama’s training differs symbolically. He read important scriptures from the Bible and attended many meetings in his spare time. In 1954, he looked at the rewards of Communism. Chinese soldiers attacked and destroyed Tibetan religious institutions. He complained to Chairman Mao. He quoted, “Religion is poison.” Dalai Lama concluded what a horrible thing it was. In 1956, he accepted Prime Minister Nehru’s invitation. While he was at the celebration, Nehru warned him about the war in Tibet. Dalai Lama went on with his monastic studies. While he resided in his summer home, he almost got kidnapped by the Chinese forces. His only escape was to leave India immediately. He continued with the campaign saving Tibet from there. Two weeks later, he reached India for a new beginning. His young life in India was very different than his life in his homeland. Now he took full charge of his life and creates policies with his personal principles. After he arrived in India, he continued reform in the community. He opened settlement communities and monasteries. He preserved the Tibetan cultural symbol for devastation and genocide. He symbolized his contact with political leaders, scientists, musicians, psychologists, and other walks of life. Dalai...
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... channel, provided there was no one of the banks. In those few days, we’re in the ship, Blanca was fond of my sister’s and called her “little one; she combed Leah (Yvette) hair and washed our clothes. The passage through the canal lasted longer than a week, and one afternoon reached Montlucon. They put us mourning armbands and walk towards Montlucon’s cemetery. A religious sister with other children waits at the chapel. We could not say goodbye to Guy and Blanca; the nun mixed us with the group and in line with the children, we go. In accordance to the priest of Pontlevoy, who organized our crossing, it’ll be a safe place. In the convent where found refuge; Jacob resumed his elementary school. Leah starts to learn how to write and to read, and I renewed the studies for my certificate. While in the monastery must attend mass, study the prayers, and I even learned to be an altar boy. Nuns were gentle. Everything feels right. Since a Wehrmacht company maintained the security at the Dunlop factory, the nuns had arranged a hiding place. In the case of Germans were coming to inspect the cloister. I knew for the gardener, a maquis’s member that the convent; it's a refuge for wounded maquisard and allied aviators downed in France and Belgium. ...
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...Case Study: Latin America and the Catholic Church By: Cody L. Bennett Being sided from revolts of people against the government by reform-minded Catholics in Nicaragua, the pope did the opposite for what these Catholics hoped that he would do for them. They were hoping that Pope John Paul II would speak out against the problems of the country. The sort of problems facing this country was starvation, poverty, and corruption exposed and held by the government. However, Pope John Paul II did the exact opposite by speaking about how they should, “ You peasants live in unjust and inhuman conditions but don’t be tempted to rise up in arms against your oppressors; and Archbishop Romero was a martyr but we must not allow his memory to be manipulated politically, etc., etc (Hoyt, 1996).” This gave way of how the Pope showed his intent of standing firm on what he believed what the Catholics of Nicaragua should do in response to their government. For the Catholics of Nicaragua, this was not enough. They started chanting sayings for what they wanted, which in deep meaning was to live in peace with God. However, Pope John Paul II stood firm without giving way to a mob of Catholics confronting the government physically. This was shown by how a man, Daniel Ortega, gave a speech to the Pope as he was making his way to his plane for departure. Daniel gave such an inspiring speech that to some it seemed that the Pope would make a response that met for what they wanted from him. “He almost...
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...Bullying Phoebe Nora Prince was born in England but at a young age moved to Fanore, County Clare, Ireland. You can't get more rural than Fanore, it has one main street, blink and you miss it. In fact the West of Ireland is notoriously rural and unspoiled. Fanore is nestled on the Irish Sea and is 10 miles from Quilty, the village where my Grandmother came from in County Clare. When I heard about this young girl taking her life after being subjected to bullying, it really hit home for me. My heart broke for her. All I could think was that she was like a lamb to slaughter. Thrown into an American High School, there was no way this sheltered child could have coped with such a sea change in culture. The District Attorney when speaking about the South Hadley High School administration, said that they had " a lack of understanding of harassment" when dealing with bullying at the school. So what exactly is bullying? The definition of bullying is "Bullying is a conscious, willful and repetitive act of aggression and/or manipulation and/or exclusion by one or more people against another person or people". (Sullivan 10). But Sullivan further describes bullying to contain the following: * Bullying is abusive and cowardly * Harm is intended. * It is repetitive and can occur over a short or a long period of time. * The person(s) doing the bullying has more power than the ones(s) being victimized. * It is often hidden from people in authority. *...
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