...not disclose information they hold as director. The first step of our selection process is to decide the size of the board. The size of the board depends on the needs of each company, nature and maturity. Also it should depend on the scale of each company. The company should also have a balanced mix of skills, knowledge and experience. We nailed a range of 6-7 members. Seven was an optimal size for telecom and Chorus was a smaller, simpler business, so going one less was right for that business. We use multiple sources to develop the candidate database, including media searches, referrals and so on. We use the internet effectively to select candidates. We also pay attention to the potential internal employees, since they may know the pros and cons inside out. Thanks to our wide process, we have a preliminary list consists of nearly 160 candidates. It is wide enough to select from but not too many to waste any time. It is a rare chance to gain diversity when the company gets divided in two since many other structures within the company are getting restructured. As the two new companies have new focuses, two full-bodied...
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...NEW PRODUCTS AND BRAND EXTENSIONS To facilitate the discussion, it is useful to establish some terminology. When a firm introduces a new product, it has three main choices as to how to brand it: 1. It can develop a new brand, individually chosen for the new product. 2. It can apply, in some way, one of its existing brands. 3. It can use a combination of a new brand with an existing brand. A brand extension is when a firm uses an established brand name to introduce a new product. When a new brand is combined with an existing brand, the brand extension can also be called a sub-brand. An existing brand that gives birth to a brand extension is referred to as the parent brand. If the parent brand is already associated with multiple products through brand extensions, then it may also be called a family brand. Brand extensions can be broadly classified into two general categories: Line extension: The parent brand is used to brand a new product that targets a new market segment within a product category currently served by the parent brand. A line extension often involves a different flavor or ingredient variety, a different form or size, or a different application for the brand (e.g., Head & Shoulders Dry Scalp shampoo). Category extension: The parent brand is used to enter a different product category from that currently served by the parent brand (e.g.. Swiss Army watches). Most new products are line extensions—typically 80 percent to 90 percent in any one year. Moreover...
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...CHAPTER 1: Creating/Capturing Customer Value Marketing: aim of marketing is to create value for customers and to capture value from customers in return * The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging products that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large -The Firm’s Stakeholders: these include employees, unions, customers, competitors, activists, government and the press (these people affect company) The Marketing Process: 1) Understand the marketplace + customer’s needs/wants 2) Design a customer-driven market strategy 3) Construct a marketing program that delivers superior value 4) build relationships + create customer delight *5) Capture value from customers to create profits and customer equity ($$$) * Human Needs: states the felt deprivation; include basic physical needs for food, clothing, warmth, and safety; social needs for belonging/affection, and individual needs for knowledge and self-expression. These needs are not created by marketers * Human Wants: the form of human needs take as shaped by culture and individual personality Wants are shaped by one’s society + marketing programs * Need food but want a breakfast sandwich and espresso at Tims * Human Demands: when backed by buying power, wants become demands. Given someone’s wants, people demand products that add up to most value + satisfaction Marketing Offerings: a combination of products, services...
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...Globalization Learning objectives • Explain why it is important for managers today to have a global perspective. • Explain the three components of globalization • Describe its effects on markets and production • Explain how technology and innovation in transportation have speeded up globalization • Discuss pros and cons of globalization This chapter is dedicated to introducing the student to the emergence of a new and integrated world of business in which the traditional barriers to cross-border trade and investment including distance, time zones, language, differences in national government regulation, culture and business systems recede in significance due to globalization. The discussion of contemporary issues in international business illustrates the unique challenges of international business. A review of macro-economic and political changes that have taken place in the last 30 years highlights the issues that a typical manager must address in a global market. Information technology and technological changes have put global markets within the reach of small firms in remote locations. In spite of all its benefits, globalization is not a panacea. Critics of globalization point out that it has adverse effects on some firms and individuals. The opening case chronicles the meteoric rise of Wal-Mart from its humble Arkansas beginnings in 1962 to a global retailing giant with $218 billion in sales in 2002. The closing...
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...Globalization Learning objectives • Explain why it is important for managers today to have a global perspective. • Explain the three components of globalization • Describe its effects on markets and production • Explain how technology and innovation in transportation have speeded up globalization • Discuss pros and cons of globalization This chapter is dedicated to introducing the student to the emergence of a new and integrated world of business in which the traditional barriers to cross-border trade and investment including distance, time zones, language, differences in national government regulation, culture and business systems recede in significance due to globalization. The discussion of contemporary issues in international business illustrates the unique challenges of international business. A review of macro-economic and political changes that have taken place in the last 30 years highlights the issues that a typical manager must address in a global market. Information technology and technological changes have put global markets within the reach of small firms in remote locations. In spite of all its benefits, globalization is not a panacea. Critics of globalization point out that it has adverse effects on some firms and individuals. The opening case chronicles the meteoric rise of Wal-Mart from its humble Arkansas beginnings in 1962 to a global retailing giant with $218 billion in sales in 2002. The...
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...CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT WORD COUNT: 2568 Date of submission: 07/01/2013 Q. Referring to material from the unit, critically evaluate how the passage relates to issues concerning the business activities of MNCs and the concept of ethical leadership. ‘For however strong you may be in respect of your army, it is essential that in entering a new Province you should have the good will of its inhabitants. Hence it happened that Louis XII of France, speedily gaining possession of Milan, as speedily lost it; … For the very people who had opened the gates to the French King, when they found themselves deceived in their expectations and hopes of future benefits, could not put up with the insolence of their new ruler.’ ‘I conclude, therefore, that when a prince has the goodwill of the people he must not worry about conspiracies; but when the people are hostile and regard him with hatred he must go in fear of everything and everyone. Well-organized states and wise princes have always taken great pains not to make the nobles despair, and to satisfy the people and keep them content; this is one of the most important tasks a prince must undertake.’ (Machiavelli, 1513) A. The extract from Machiavelli’s, The Prince demonstrates a strong correlation to the issues involved in the business activities of modern day MNCs and the concept of ethical leadership. According to Resick, Hanges, Dickson, & Mitcheluson (2006), analysing data from the global leadership and...
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...------------------------------------------------- 497 Study Guide Module I: Industry & Competitive Analysis “Porter’s Five Forces”: 1. What is strategy (fundamental question in strategic management) a. How to achieve superior financial performance 2. Why industry Analysis? b. Industry analysis helps a firm understand the underlying economic forces that contribute to or detract from its profitability, and subsequently suggests a means for firm to find an optimal position for itself. i. Industry is a group of firms that produce products or services that meet the same needs of customers in a competitive market. ii. Industry Analysis uses economic principles to understand how profit is distributed among participants in a market (including both direct competitors and other parties such as suppliers) 3. Porters Five Forces – are a checklist of things that can affect value capture and creation c. Rivalry Among Existing firms iii. Few firms : Betrand – fight in price Cournot – fight on quantity Collusion – Firms choose price cooperatively iv. Industry concentration: % of total industry sales accounted by the 4 largest firms d. Threat of New Entrants v. Switching cost, capital requirements, access to distribution, product differentiation vi. Puts a cap on profit potential of an industry e. Power of Buyers vii. Price Sensitivity f. Power of Suppliers ...
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...all managers. True False 2. The three basic jobs in the marketing management process are planning, implementation, and control. True False 3. Strategic planning is a top management job that includes planning only for marketing areas. True False 4. Strategic planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities. True False 5. Finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies are the tasks included in the marketing manager's marketing strategy planning job. True False 6. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts--a target market and a marketing mix. True False 7. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts--planning and implementation. True False 8. The two parts of a marketing strategy are an attractive opportunity and a target market. True False 9. Mass marketing means focusing on some specific customers, as opposed to assuming that everyone is the same and will want whatever the firm offers. True False 10. The terms mass marketing and mass marketers mean the same thing. True False 11. Potential customers are all alike. True False 12. "Mass marketers" like Target usually try to aim at clearly defined target markets. True False 13. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix are Product, Position, Promotion, and Price. True False 14. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix are People, Products, Price, and Promotion. True False...
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...Part 1: The decision to internationalize Chapter 1: Global Marketing in the firm Purpose of the marketing plan is to create sustainable competitive advantages in the global marketplace. Firms go through mental process. For SME’s, informal process, for larger organization it is often more systematized. Globalization: reflects the trend of firms buying, developing, producing and selling products and services in most countries and regions of the world. Internationalization: Doing business in many countries of the world but often limited to a certain region. Should a company stay at home, or strengthen the global position?? Two dimensions: 1.) Industry globalism (high degree of industry globalism -> many interdependencies between markets, customers and suppliers. Besides, industry is dominated by a few large powerful players (global, like software, cd’s, movies, aircrafts) and the other multidomestic market environment (local, like hairdressing, foods and dairies) 2.) Preparedness for internationalization Degree of preparedness is dependent on the ability to carry out strategies in international marketplace (personal skills, managers’ international experience or financial resources) Well-prepared company is called = mature Figure 1.2 very important decision model in the marketing!! (page 10) “The nine strategic windows” EPRG-framework = worldview of a firm’s business activities. 1.) Ethnocentric home country is superior, controls are highly centralized...
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...Lecture 1 – Chapters 1 and 2 Chap 1 Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return * Deal with customers, satisfying customers’ needs * Attract new customers by promising superior value * Keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction Marketing Process Understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants * Customer needs, wants and demands * Needs: status of felt deprivation, Maslow hierarchy of needs (Physiological, Safety, Belonging – Love, Self-esteem, Self-actualisation) * Wants: form that human needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality * Demands: humans wants that are backed by buying power * Conduct consumer research and analyse the large amount of data * Marketing offerings * Combination of products, services, information or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want * Marketing myopia: mistake of sellers paying more attention to the specific products offered by a company rather than to the benefits and experiences produced by these products ~ focus on existing wants and lose sight of the underlying needs * Value and satisfaction * Satisfied customers will make repeated purchases and tell others about their good experience * Dissatisfied customers will switch to competitors and disparage the product to others ...
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...TE AM FL Y Praise for Marketing Insights from A to Z “The bagwan of Marketing strikes again. Leave it to Phil Kotler to revisit all of our blocking and tackling at just the right time . . . and as all great marketers know: ‘timing is everything.’” —Watts Wacker Founder and CEO, FirstMatter Author, The Deviant Advantage: How Fringe Ideas Create Mass Markets “Wide-ranging, readable, pithy, and right on target, these insights not only are a great refresher for marketing managers but should be required reading for all nonmarketing executives.” —Christopher Lovelock Adjunct Professor, Yale School of Management Author, Services Marketing “Kotler tackles the formidable challenge of explaining the entire world of marketing in a single book, and, remarkably, pulls it off. This book is a chance for you to rummage through the marketing toolbox, with Kotler looking over your shoulder telling you how to use each tool. Useful for both pros and those just starting out.” —Sam Hill Author, Sixty Trends in Sixty Minutes “This storehouse of marketing wisdom is an effective antidote for those who have lost sight of the basics, and a valuable road map for those seeking a marketing mind-set.” —George Day Geoffrey T. Boisi Professor of Marketing, Wharton School of Business “Here is anything and everything you need to know about where marketing stands today and where it’s going tomorrow. You can plunge into this tour de force at any point from A to Z and always come up with remarkable insights and...
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...Journal of Banking & Finance 22 (1998) 613±673 The economics of small business ®nance: The roles of private equity and debt markets in the ®nancial growth cycle Allen N. Berger a a,b,* , Gregory F. Udell c Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC 20551, USA b Wharton Financial Institutions Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA c Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract This article examines the economics of ®nancing small business in private equity and debt markets. Firms are viewed through a ®nancial growth cycle paradigm in which different capital structures are optimal at dierent points in the cycle. We show the sources of small business ®nance, and how capital structure varies with ®rm size and age. The interconnectedness of small ®rm ®nance is discussed along with the impact of the macroeconomic environment. We also analyze a number of research and policy issues, review the literature, and suggest topics for future research. Ó 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classi®cation: G21; G28; G34; E58; L89 Keywords: Venture capital; Small business lending; Bank; Mergers 1. Introduction The role of the entrepreneurial enterprise as an engine of economic growth has garnered considerable public attention in the 1990s. Much of this focus * Corresponding author. Tel.: 1 202 452 2903; fax: 1 202 452 5295; e-mail: aberger@frb.gov. 0378-4266/98/$19.00 Ó 1998 Published...
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...“MARKET SURVEY OF RIGHT EXECUTION FOR COCA COLA“ PROJECT REPORT 2009 Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award Of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED BY NITIN TYAGI 0823170410 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF External: Mr. Alok Agarawal (Area Sales Manager) Internal: Mr. Neeraj Kumar (Lecturer) Department of Management R.D.ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DUHAI, GHAZIABAD 1 DECLARATION I here by declare that this project report prepared in lieu of a compulsory paper for the partial fulfillment of Management of Business Administration (HR and Marketing) is my original work which I have submitted in Coca Cola to my guide Mr. Neeraj Kumar. No part of it has been submitted to any other university or organization. All the information and data in my project are authentic to the best of my knowledge and taken from reliable sources. Nitin Tyagi 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Survey is the team project, while my name is on the cover page of this project, literally many of people have contributed to this summer training Project report. Every work requires a commitment but this commitment goes in rain when there is no guidance. I am extremely thankful to Mr. SAMEER MANDAL (Sr. Sales Executive) under whose able guidance I have worked on this survey & for his willing and every available cooperation through out the project. Last but not the least; I acknowledge with thanks the valuable suggestions of Mr. Sandeep Yadav & all my friends and all of my wishers...
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...NOKIA’S MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INDIA by Nikunj Daga 2006-2007 A dissertation presented in part consideration for the degree of MA in Marketing No portion of the work referred to in the dissertation has been submitted in support of an application of another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institution of learning. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing a dissertation is always the most challenging part of a student’s life. It was definitely the most important academic contribution by me. This however would not have been possible without the encouragement and of a few people. Here I take this opportunity to display my gratitude towards them, First and foremost, I would like to thank my professor, Dr Heidi Winklhofer for being a source of support and encouragement, guidance and persistent help. Thank you ma’am for your time, support and patience. My Sincere thanks to both academic and non-academic staff of the Nottingham University Business School, for all their assistance. I would like to thank my parents for love and support bestowed on me. Thank you for your blessings. Also I would like to thank my friends for staying by me during the difficult parts of life. Thanks for help and love irrespective of the situations. I would also like to thank all my respondents for taking out time from their busy lives to help me with my research. Last...
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...NOKIA’S MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INDIA by Nikunj Daga 2006-2007 A dissertation presented in part consideration for the degree of MA in Marketing No portion of the work referred to in the dissertation has been submitted in support of an application of another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institution of learning. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing a dissertation is always the most challenging part of a student’s life. It was definitely the most important academic contribution by me. This however would not have been possible without the encouragement and of a few people. Here I take this opportunity to display my gratitude towards them, First and foremost, I would like to thank my professor, Dr Heidi Winklhofer for being a source of support and encouragement, guidance and persistent help. Thank you ma’am for your time, support and patience. My Sincere thanks to both academic and non-academic staff of the Nottingham University Business School, for all their assistance. I would like to thank my parents for love and support bestowed on me. Thank you for your blessings. Also I would like to thank my friends for staying by me during the difficult parts of life. Thanks for help and love irrespective of the situations. I would also like to thank all my respondents for taking out time from their busy lives to help me with my research. Last...
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