...depresses scapula ACTION: coracoid process (scapula) (Anterior view) Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle Serratus anterior Subclavius ORIGIN: INNERVATION: ORIGIN: INNERVATION: ribs 1 - 8 long thoracic nerve rib 1 ---------------- INSERTION: ACTION: INSERTION: ACTION: medial border of scapula rotates scapula laterally inferior surface of scapula stabilizes / depresses pectoral girdle (Lateral view) (anterior view) Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle Trapezius Levator scapulae ORIGIN: INNERVATION: ORIGIN: INNERVATION: occipital bone / spinous processes of C7 – T12 accessory nerve transverse processes of C1 – C4 dorsal scapular nerve ACTION: INSERTION: ACTION: INSERTION: stabilizes / elevates / retracts / rotates scapula upper medial border of scapula elevates / adducts scapula acromion / spine of scapula; lateral third of clavicle (Posterior view) (Posterior view) 1 11/8/2012 Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle Muscles Moving Arm Rhomboids Pectoralis major (major / minor) ORIGIN: INNERVATION: ORIGIN: INNERVATION: spinous processes of C7 – T5 dorsal scapular nerve sternum / clavicle / ribs 1 – 6 dorsal scapular nerve INSERTION: ACTION: INSERTION: ACTION: medial border of scapula adducts / rotates scapula intertubucular...
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...Hassan’s Story Elisa Gore Breckinridge School of Nursing 04/21/2016 Hassan’s Story A. The scapula is a large triangular, flat bone situated in the superior part of the posterior thorax. A prominent ridge called the spine runs diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula. Hassan could have identified which were right and left, possibly by the medial border because the thick edge (lateral border) is closer to the arm. The glenoid cavity is the shallow depression that articulates with the head of the humerus. B. Stefan is referring to the clavicle as the collarbone. C. Stefan could identify the right and left humerus by several things such as the medial epicondyle, coronoid fossa, radial fossa or the olecranon. D. The deltoid tuberosity is the site of attachemnet for the deltoid muscle. The deltoid muscle is a large and powerful muscle of the shoulder joint E. The pubic symphysis is the joint between the two hipbones F. In the later stages pf pregnancy the hormone relaxing increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis to ease delivery of the baby G. Females have an open, circular pelvic inlet, broader sciatic notch, wide angle where the two pubic bones meet in front, more outwardly flared hip bones H. The acetabulum should be posterior and lateral. This will tell you which side its from. I. No they don’t fuse until 15 years of age References Jenkins, G. W., & Tortora, G. J. (2013). Anatomy and Physiology From...
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...masses, atrophy, deformities, nodules. 2. Palpation: Joint and skin for temp, muscles, articulations. Notice heat, tenderness, swelling (inflammation), atrophy, masses, hard muscles, muscles spasms 3. ROM: No tenderness, pain, or crepitation 4. Muscle Testing: Prime mover, “I’m going to push, don’t let me push, I’m going to pull, don’t let me pull” resistance. Equal, bilaterally, and fully resist my opposing force -Full or limited ROM- use goniometer to measure angle -Strength: 5 pt. scale 5=Full ROM and Full resistance 100% 4=Full ROM and some resistance 75% 3=Full ROM 50% 2=Passive Motion 25% 1=Slight Contraction 10% 0=No contraction CERVICAL SPINE: -Inspect: alignment of spine and processes, shoulders, scapula, -Palpate: spinous process, sternomastoid, trapezius, paravertebral muscles- firm, no spasm or tenderness -ROM: Chin to chest, look...
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...Rehabilitation of Acromioclavicular Joint Separations: Operative and Nonoperative Considerations Mark P. Cote, PT, DPTa, Karen E. Wojcik, MSPT, ATCb, Gregg Gomlinski, MSPT, CSCSb, Augustus D. Mazzocca, MS, MDa,* Acromioclavicular joint (AC) separations are one of the most common injuries seen in orthopedic and sports medicine practices, accounting for 9% of all injuries to the shoulder girdle.1–3 Various operative and nonoperative treatment schemes have been described for the management of AC joint injuries.4–33 Although considerable controversy exists over the efficacy of surgical reconstruction versus nonoperative intervention for grade III type injuries, grade I and II separations seem to respond favorably to conservative management. Conversely, grades IV, V, and VI often require surgical reconstruction. Regardless of the type of injury, rehabilitation as a part of conservative management and postoperative care plays an important role in the management of these injuries. This article presents the authors’ rehabilitation approach to treatment of acromioclavicular separations pre- and postoperatively. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK To provide instruction and insight for rehabilitation clinicians, protocols are often provided for a specific injury or procedure. A protocol is a system of rules or procedures for a given situation. Although intended to be informative, protocols often result in a restrictive list of exercises and arbitrary time frames that a clinician...
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...VACUUMING INTRODUCTION Vacuuming: nearly everyone is doing it! Unlike jumping a horse or throwing a curve-ball, vacuuming does not discriminate or limit itself to highly trained individuals or athletes. A vacuum cleaner, or commonly known as a vacuum, is typically an electric device that by means of suction collects dirt and small particles from a variety of surfaces. All it functionally requires is electricity, a vacuum cleaner appliance and a willing and able individual. This common invention is everywhere; household closets, hotels, general workplaces, restaurants and just about any other place that has carpeting or accumulates dust. 700 B.C. was the first noted appearance of woven forms of floor coverings and one could debate that primitive cleaning methods were developed thereafter (carpetandrugpedia.com). A cleaning method other than the traditional “carpet beater” was born in the mid-1800s. This time is known as the industrial revolution and was a critical in the invention of the vacuum cleaner. Factories were producing thousands of manufactured items and with it came an overwhelming amount of dust, soot and industrial pollution. This was also during the same time that infectious disease was being linked to germs. The need for hygiene and cleanliness was born and gave birth to the idea of the vacuum cleaner. By a patent issue date in 1860, Daniel Hess appears to have invented the first device to have the some of the basic principles of the modern vacuum. The...
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...SHOULDER FLEXION Test Position * Subject supine * Flatten lumbar spine (flex knees) * Shoulder no abduction, adduction or rotation * (note: to measure gleno-humeral motion, stabilize scapula) | Normal Range(for shoulder complex flexion) * 167o + or - 4.7o (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) * 150o (American Medical Association) * 166o (mean), 4.7o (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen) | Goniometer Alignment * Axis – center of humeral head near acromion process * Stationary arm – parallel mid-axillary line * Moving arm – aligned with midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle) | Normal End Feel * Muscle Stretch | SHOULDER EXTENSION Test Position * Subject prone * Shoulder no abduction, adduction or rotation * (note: to measure gleno-humeral motion, stabilize scapula) | Normal Range(for shoulder complex flexion) * 62o + or - 9.5o (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) * 50o (American Medical Association) * 62.3o (mean), 9.5o (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen) | Goniometer Alignment * Axis – center of humeral head near acromion process * Stationary arm – parallel mid-axillary line * Moving arm – aligned with midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle) | Normal End Feel * Capsular or ligamentous | SHOULDER MEDIAL (INTERNAL) ROTATION Test Position * Subject supine * Shoulder 90o abduction * Forearm neutral * Elbow flexed 90o * Stabilize arm | Normal Range * 69o + or -...
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...Running head: Hassan's Story- The Appendicular Skeleton The Appendicular Skeleton Hassan's Story A- Which clue would tell Stefan which scapular surface was anterior and which was posterior? What is the name of the shallow, oval socket of the scapula that Stefan placed next to the humerus? The clue that Stefan could use is that there is a prominent ridge called the spine that runs diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula. Or he could use the medial border of the scapula, it's the longest of three borders and extends from the superior to the inferior angle. This border presents an anterior and posterior lip and an intermediate narrow area. Stefan would have also placed the glenoid cavity next to the humerus while aligning the scapula. B- Which bone is Stefan referring to as the "collarbone"? The bone that Stefan is referring to as the "collarbone" is the clavicle. It is a long bone that serves as a strut between the scapula and the sternum. C- Which surface markings could Stefan use to distinguish the right humerus from the left? Stefan can hold the bone so that the capitulum and trochlea face him, which would indicate it was the anterior. This would...
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...October 20, 2011 1. In the absence of dystrophin, Ca+2 flows into the cytoplasm. Calcium ions bind to troponin-tropomyosin molecules located in the grooves of the actin filaments. Normally, the rod-like tropomyosin molecule covers the sites on actin where myosin can form crossbridges. Upon binding calcium ions, troponin changes shape and slides tropomyosin out of the groove, exposing the actin-myosin binding sites. Myosin interacts with actin by cycling crossbridges; thereby creating force. Due to the fact that there are no neural pathways opens, Acetylcholine cannot be broken down and Ca+2 is unable to be reabsorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The exposure to Ca+2 leads to permanent muscle contraction because the actin binding sites are indefinitely open. Some of the dangers associated with forced muscle relaxation is breaking of the bone and muscle tear. The muscles have been in a flexed position for a prolonged amount of time and therefore will require a lot of force to be placed in a relaxed state; causing a tear of muscles and ligaments. Also, the bones associated with those muscles are weak due to a lack of exercise and can easily fracture with a minimal application of force. Most muscle relaxers would be ineffective for treatment because they work along the central nervous system and DMD is independent of that. 2. The muscles that are...
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...lesions by Snyder in 1990. A SLAP lesion, as described by Snyder involves tears of the superior aspect of the glenoid labrum that extend anteriorly and posteriorly to the biceps insertion. As an examiner, in order to detect a SLAP lesion, there needs to be an investigation of patients activities, any previous shoulder injuries, and or any factors that could lead up to this injury. The highest incidence of SLAP lesions is seen in the 20 to 29 and 40 to 49 years of age. In order to understand the mechanism of a SLAP lesion it is best to understand the anatomy of the shoulder. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint made up of three bones: humerus that is the upper arm bone, shoulder blade of the scapula, and the clavicle. The humerus bone fits into the rounded socket of the scapula, which is called the glenoid fossa. Surrounding the outside edge of the glenoid fossa is a rim of strong, fibrous tissue called the labrum. The labrum helps deepen and stabilize the socket glenoid-humeral joint and allows the arm to circumduct. Injuries to the superior labrum can be caused by acute pain or by repetitive shoulder motion. This can result from a fall onto an outstretched arm, a motor vehicle accident, a forceful movement of the arm...
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...University of Phoenix Material The Muscular System Exercises Exercise 6.1: Skeletal Muscle—Head and Neck, Anterior View Layer 1 (p. 257) A. Surface projection of superciliary arch . B. Philtrum . C. Surface projection of mental protuberance . Layer 2 (p. 257) A. Frontalis m. . B. Orbicularis oculi m. . C. Zygomaticus major m. . D. Levator labii superioris m. . E. Nasalis m. . F. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m. . G. Orbicularis oris m. . H. Buccinator m. . I. Platysma m. . J. Zygomaticus minor m. . Layer 3 (p. 258) A. Depressor anguli oris m. ...
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...The rotator cuff uses four muscles to keep the shoulder in its socket and it connects the humerus to the shoulder blade. It is made up of four muscles, the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. A rotator cuff tear occurs when one of these tendons are torn so that the humerus is no longer intact (Armstrong). Depending on the severity of tears, there are different types. A partial tear causes damage but it is not fully torn, while a full-thickness tear causes enough damage to sever the tendon into two separate pieces (Armstrong). The main reasons for a rotator cuff tear are from an injury or damage over time. An acute tear happens because of an injury, like trying to lift more than you can handle. A degenerative tear happens over time because of the wear and tear of repetitive motions and simply aging. Symptoms of a rotator cuff tear due to an injury will include: pain, weakness, and a pop or cracking noise. If the cuff begins to tear due to time, then there will be slight pain at first when performing things that require the use of effort, but eventually it will become more difficult to accomplish everyday tasks. A few mechanisms for this injury would be falling with an arm stretched out, wearing down with age, and repetitive lifting or stress on the area. The injury is diagnosed by what caused the injury, observing the shoulders and shoulder blades to check for abnormalities, going through tests and measuring the strength of the muscle, and x-rays and...
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...Sarahbeth Cook May 12, 2011 Anatomy I Professor Kriota Willberg It is rare to find someone with a complete and perfect symmetrical body. Every human being has his or her own skeletal structure and no one is alike. If you are one of those few people lucky enough to have “perfect symmetry and balance,” you might end up finding a flaw elsewhere, or so I’d like to think. For myself, being as active of a dancer that I am, I already put a tremendous amount of wear and tare on my body, especially since I’ve been studying for eighteen years. The chances of me being perfectly in balance are slim to none. No matter how much physical therapy I do on my body, if I continue to dance with extreme physical motion I will always have something that is not in place. After doing these assessments I discovered a few things I didn’t realize about my body, but after analyzing them I see how they possibly may trigger some of my areas of discomfort. These imbalances affect my everyday activities, physical comfort, range of motion, and general sense of well-being. I have the privilege of having a physical trainer to assist me at work before every performance. She’s there to make sure my imbalances are cared for and I’ve been given exercises to strengthen my weak areas. The main areas I’ve decided that need major work consist on my shoulders, spine, core, and ankle/foot. I’ve selected a series of exercises that I believe will help improve my weaknesses. My overall posture is very good and that...
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...VICTIM REPORT [Running Head] 1 VICTIM REPORT VICTIM REPORT 2 Victim Report At approximately 1935 hours, I was dispatched to a crime scene located at Northeast Parking Lot. As I proceeded to the scene, I have seen a person lying on the ground next to a white vehicle. It was the Victim. I then begin Interviewing the Victim while my counterparts investigate the Crime Scene. Below are the victim answers to the questions I have asked of her: 1. What is your name: Nicole Carty 2. What is your age: 22 3. Are you married: I am Single 4. Are you hurt: Yes 5. Do you have any wounds or gun shots: Yes 6. Where are your wounds at : I was shot on the left shoulder blade area 7. Who did this to you or shot you: She said her boyfriend did this and shot her 8. What is your Boyfriend name: Jose Jalapeño 9. What is your Boyfriend ethnic: Mexican 10. What is your Boyfriend Age: 22 11. What was Boyfriend wearing: Black Shirt, Green Jacket 12. How does he look like: He has short hair 13. What cause your boyfriend to shoot you: We were arguing over something, but couldn’t remember what the argument was over. 14. Do you know what type of gun he was using to shoot you: No 15. Was anyone else in the vehicle besides you and your boyfriend: No, Just me and him These were the questions...
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...Hi Disha, Thank you for sharing your post. In response to your question #1: In your current practice, what is the typical diagnostic tool used to identify shoulder disorder or any soft and bony tissue pathology? Typically, in the current rehabilitation setting (skilled nursing facility), the physician usually order for shoulder X-ray for any shoulder disorder because it is the least expensive diagnostic modality. After failed conservative treatment (rehabilitation management, non- steroidal treatment and others) with increase shoulder pain, the patient's medical practitioner will prescribe for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the gold standard useful indicator in finding the intensiveness of the rotator cuff tear (partial or complete)...
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...Rotator cuff tendinitis, also called impingement syndrome, is when the muscles of your shoulder (subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and teres minor) and their tendons become irritated or inflamed. Symptoms include pain and swelling of your shoulder and deltoid, pain when raising or reaching your arm behind your back, clicking sound when raising your arm, stiffness of arm and shoulder, and loss of mobility. This injury is mostly common in athletes and middle-aged people. Repetitive arm movements that involve overhead movements (painting, throwing, lifting, etc.), sleeping on your shoulder frequently, or degeneration with age can cause this condition. Athletic activities that require raising your arm over your shoulder such as with swimming, pitching, and playing tennis are also an origin of this injury. Treatment options for this condition can range depending on the degree of the injury, age, health, and activity level. Initial treatment may include icing your shoulder a few times a day, taking anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen, and decreasing activities that require use of shoulder or raising arm. NSAIDs can also be taken to reduce pain and swelling but can produce kidney problems and stomach bleeding if not taken as directed. Massage can also be used to help relax tight muscles of the shoulder and break down any adhesions in the tissues. Physical therapy could be recommended by a doctor to help restore range of motion and ease pain. If the...
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