...Review and Personal Analysis of Scientific Management Introduction Comparing to the economic environment in past decades, in today’s economy, more and more large companies and firms tend to find suitable management methods to regulate and operate their labour forces in consideration of maximizing efficiency and profits. Certainly, without an applicable management method, firms and corporations will lack of dynamic and motive power to operate decently. Taylorism, also known as scientific management, is one of the most well-known and widely applied management method introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 18th century, and this theory was peaked in the early 19th century. Taylor argued that the fundamental of seeking wealth for both employers and employees is to have working efficiency and productivity maximized; to reach this working stage, a company is required to manage and operate scientifically rather than empirically. (Wikipedia, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management) In fact, Taylor’s scientific management is criticized by socialists and workers as it only focus on productivity and efficiency and treat workers as ‘machines and animals’, and it is also argued to be the tool of exploitation for capitalists. Indeed, in my opinion, despite the efficiency and productivity advantages that scientific management can generate, its inconsideration of employees personal affects and emotions will not only impair the future of a company, but also the entire...
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...BA9224 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNIT 1 PERCEPTIVE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human Resource Meaning: Human resources refer to the qualitative and quantitative aspects of employees working in an organization. Definition: “Human resources are considered as Human Capital. Human capital is classified under 3 categories- Intellectual capital, Social capital and Emotional capital. Intellectual capital consists of specialized knowledge, tacit knowledge and skills, cognitive complexity and learning capacity. Social capital is made up of network of relationships, sociability and trustworthiness. Emotional capital consists of self confidence, ambition and courage, risk bearing ability and resilience.” – Sumantra Ghosal. Human Resource Management (HRM) Meaning: HRM is a process of making the efficient and effective use of Human Resources so that the set goals are achieved. Definition: “Personnel management or say Human Resource Management is the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual, organizational and social objectives are accomplished.” –Flippo. Differences b/w Personnel Management and Human Resource Management Dimensions | PM | HRM | Nature of relations | Pluralist | Unitarist or Neo-Unitarist | Perception of conflict | Conflict is institutionalized | Conflict is Pathological | Contract | Emphasis on compliance...
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...Evolution of Management The picture above shows how management evolved and changed with times. The style of management seen today is far different from the ones used in the previous century but it definitely has its roots dug in its predecessors. Classical Approach: Classical approach to management is dated back to the Industrial Revolution. The classical approach was an approach that places significance on management principals of unity of command, a balance between authority and responsibility, division of labor, and delegation to establish relationships between managers and subordinates. This approach constitutes the core of the discipline of management and the process of management. Systematic Management: Systematic management is an approach to management that promotes the breakdown of job duties. It enables both management and employees to see small sections of the bigger picture. It also allows for planning, forecasting, and budgeting being more efficient. This approach to management evolved throughout the late 1700's and early 1800's, but did not come to the forefront until the 1890's to 1900's. Adam Smith, Charles Babbage and Henry Towne were some of the few believers of this theory and insisted that division of labor was the best way to increase productivity. Scientific Management: Scientific management theory is a theory of management founded by Frederick...
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...European Scientific Journal May edition vol. 8, No.9 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 MARKET ANALYSIS AND THE FEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING SMALL BUSINESSES Azzam Azmi Abou-Moghli, PhD Applied Science University Ghaith Mustafa Al-Abdallah, PhD Applied Science University Abstract This study aims to explore the nature of relation and effect between market analysis and feasibility of establishing small businesses operating in the services sector in Jordan. Four independent variables were identified to market analysis: location, demand, price and competitors. The study population consisted of (163) cases and the researchers used a close ended 42-item questionnaire, with a (83.43%) reliability coefficient, as per the Chronbach Alfa equation for collecting the primary data of the study. Furthermore, two types of analysis were employed: simple regression analysis and stepwise multiple analysis. The study made a number of conclusions, most important of which is: there is a statistically significant relationship between the location, demand, price and competitors and the feasibility of establishing small businesses. Keywords: Market Analysis, Feasibility Studies, Service Sector, Small Businesses, Jordan 1.0 Introduction Market analysis of businesses is deemed as scientific tool to obtain relevant information about the realities of the proposed market. This will benefit the investor in showing the business feasibility to be studied and...
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...PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Business Principles of Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota follows certain well-defined business principles guiding its functioning. These are: 1. Honour the language and spirit of law of every nation and undertake open and fair corporate activities to be a good corporate citizen around the world. 2. Respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic and social development through corporate activities in local communities. 3. To provide clean and safe products and to enhance the quality of life everywhere. 4. Create and develop advanced technologies and provide outstanding products and services that fulfil the needs of customers worldwide. 5. Foster a corporate culture that enhances individual creativity and teamwork value, while honouring mutual trust and respect between management and labour. 6. Pursue growth and harmony with global community through innovative management. 7. Work with business partners in research and creativity to achieve stable, long-term growth and mutual benefits and be open to new partnerships. These principles, will guide the company in its global vision 2010. This global vision envisages continuous innovations in future, use of environment friendly technologies, respecting and working with different sections of society and establishing an interactive relationship with society. Based on www.toyota.co.jp/en/enviornmental_rep/03 /rinen.html on 17.10.2006 CHAPTER L E A R N I N G OBJECTIVES 2 After...
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.... Introduction It is fortunately for this generation manager because they have more than century's management theory and thought to retrospect. Although modern management theory dates primarily from the early twentieth century, there was serious thinking and theorizing about managing many years before. Throughout many different contributions of writers and practitioners have resulted different approaches to management, resulting in a kind of management theory jungle and help them to face the challenge of the future. Despite the inexactness and relative crudity of management theory, the development of thought on management dates back to the days when people first attempted to accomplish goals by working together in groups. To know something of the background of the development of management thought. 'Even limited knowledge can help one appreciate the many opinions, ideas, and scientific underpinnings which preceded the upsurge of management thought may help us avoid rediscovering previously know ideas.' (Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich, 1988) 2. Development in management theory 2.1 Management Development History The history of modern management has been characterized by the swing of a pendulum. 'Trace back the evolution of management theory from the nineteenth century to the present day--basically from Taylorism to Japanization.' (John Sheldrake, 1997) Scientific management developed in the crucible of American industrialization and subsequently spread throughout the industrial...
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...Awareness of the faculty members at Al-Balqa` Applied University to the concept of time management and its relation to some variables Abstract The study aims to investigate how much is the time management awareness of the faculty members of the Al-Balqa` Applied university, and its relation to some variables. The study conducted on (150) teachers were selected randomly. For achieving the study goals an appropriate instrument has been built up based on the educational literature and former studies. The study has found out that the teachers’ awareness were “good”, where the planning awareness was the highest, and the execution one was the lowest, also the role of the time management in career life was more visible than the personal life. The study also found out that the variables of the study have a weak impact on the teachers` time management awareness. Key words: faculty members` awareness, time management Time is considered as one of the most important resources as all other resources related to it within its availability or shortage. Moreover, all tasks wither it was simple or small need time. Time has its own characteristics since it’s in continuous motion that can’t be stopped and it can’t be saved. It is a fixed quantity resource within 24 hours a day for all individuals and it cant be retrieved too ( Haynez, 2006). Those characteristics make it necessary to deal with time through wisdom and careful...
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...presents more and higher requirements for global maritime logistics management accordingly. The changes in global maritime logistics internal requirements and external environment certainly impel the adjustments in management philosophy, business strategy, institutional framework, human resource, maritime logistics culture and other aspects in maritime logistics management. Therefore, the study on maritime logistics management has both theoretical significance and practical significance. Cost reduction strategies have been frequently applied in the global maritime logistics. However, it has both advantages and disadvantages in global business. Therefore, it is very necessary to make the most use of cost reduction strategies according to the unique character of maritime logistics. With the guidance of modern management theory and management innovation theory, this paper discusses the cost reduction strategies and green strategies in global maritime logistics, and presents the idea that management is an objective requirement for maritime logistics development in the new situation. The paper summarizes the achievements and deficiencies in maritime logistics innovation of cost reduction strategies in the implementation of green strategies, mainly discusses the bottleneck factors that restrict maritime logistics management, and proposes that the main problems in maritime logistics management are vague management concept, unscientific strategy formulation, and he maladjustment of maritime...
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...What is Management? The concept of management has acquired special significance in the present competitive and complex business world. Efficient and purposeful management is absolutely essential for the survival of a business unit. Management concept is comprehensive and covers all aspects of business. In simple words, management means utilising available resources in the best possible manner and also for achieving well defined objectives. It is a distinct and dynamic process involving use of different resources for achieving well defined objectives. The resources are: men, money, materials, machines, methods and markets. These are the six basic inputs in management process (six M's of management) and the output is in the form of achievement of objectives. It is the end result of inputs and is available through efficient management process. The term 'management' is used extensively in business. It is the core or life giving element in business. We expect that a business unit should be managed efficiently. This is precisely what is done in management. Management is essential for the conduct of business activity in an orderly manner. It is a vital function concerned with all aspects of working of an enterprise. Definitions of Management 1. According to George R. Terry, "Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives by the use of human beings and other resources"...
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...his or her thinking by capably taking charge of the formations characteristic in thinking and impressive intellectual morals upon them. This information explains the meaning of critical thinking. The information also provides explain of a personal experience one has with utilizing critical thinking to a work-related outcome. Finally, one explains the significance and advantages of critical thinking within the decision-making methods. Critical thinking is a rich perception, which has been developing over the past 2500 years. The word "critical thinking" has its backgrounds in the late 20th century. Critical thinking is the knowledgeably well-organized process of skillfully and actively intellectualizing, synthesizing, analyzing, and applying; evaluating information collected from, or created by, communication, observation, reasoning, experience, and reflection, as an example of action and belief. In its standard form, it is constructed on universal knowledgeable values, which go beyond subject matter divisions: objectivity, breadth, depth, good reasons, sound evidence, clarity, truthfulness, precision, consistency, and significance (Paul & Elder, 2006). Critical thinking requires the examination of those elements or structures of thought imply in all reasoning: objective, question-at-issue or problem; expectations; perceptions; reasoning leading to conclusion; empirical grounding; suggestions and implications; objections from different viewpoints; and support of reference...
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...Built On Sand: How the Lack of Operations Management Knowledge Undermines Lean Implementations Kate Mackle, John Bicheno, John Darlington Background: The MS in Lean Enterprise • Started at Lean Enterprise Research Centre (LERC), Cardiff Business School in 1999 • (LERC was founded by Dan Jones of Womack and Jones) • 2 Year part-time, for practicing Lean managers • Student average age 39 (31 to 53); 20% with MBA; 35% Six Sigma Black Belt; almost 200 Alumni • In First year, 9 one-week modules, 6 of which are held onsite at plant locations; Second year dissertation. • Thus far, 65 one-week MS modules have been held on site. • Most of the lecturers are are vastly experienced Lean consultants and managers • As from January 2013, the MS will be offered at University of Buckingham with the original LERC teaching team. Background to the presentation • The authors have been working in improvement for 25 years and have taught on a Masters level programme in Lean Operations for the last 13 years. We have often been struck by the weakness in demand and capacity management processes in companies we have worked with: diagnosing and then rectifying this weakness has frequently been an important early stage of those companies’ successful Lean transformations. • Similarly, students on the Masters programme, despite their current positions and prior education, have often – Lacked fundamental knowledge of Operations Management (especially Demand and Capacity) – Or...
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...International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, March 2012 ISSN 2277-8616 Impact of Customers Satisfaction And Customers Retention on Customer Loyalty Inamullah khan Abstract-The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of future customer’s relationship using customer satisfaction, and customer retention on customer loyalty in telecom industry of Pakistan. Questionnaires were distributed through electronic mail and self administered for data collection and linear regression analysis was used. The results show that customer satisfaction has significant while customer retention has insignificant impact on customer loyalty. The implications of the study are that a company should better manage their relationships with the customers as a competitive policy in mobile telephone marketplace. The weak side of the study is that it is limited to a single industry of mobile telecom industry. Key words: Customer satisfaction, Customer retention, Customer loyalty Jel code: M30 ———————————————————— 1. Introduction Customer loyalty is the focus in the research and It turn into an important concern for management only due to concentrated competition especially in service industry (Bodet, 2008). In emerging business, competition customer loyalty plays very crucial role for achieving the competitive advantages (Lin & Wang, 2006). It is significant important to analyze it in the context of customer retention and customer satisfaction, these two...
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... Furthermore, this paper will introduce one of the total quality pioneers, describe how the use of the total quality elements made the pioneer successful, and discuss the future of quality. 11 key elements of total quality are crucial to the success of businesses today. They are as follows: strategically based, customer focus, obsession with quality, scientific approach, long-term commitment, teamwork, continual process improvement, bottom-up education and training, freedom through control, unity of purpose, and employee involvement and empowerment. All 11 of these total quality elements allow organizations to create a foundation for the business and constantly maintain improvements. Strategies are fundamental to the success of any organization doing business, whether big, or small. The strategies are created to help an organization reach their future goals, which can be found in the mission statement. Focusing on the customers that purchase a product or service and their expectations will allow the organization to grow with their products, bringing their customers the products and services that will satisfy them. An obsession with quality should be the driving force for all employees within a company to ensure that customers will return instead of reaching out to the competition. A scientific approach is also important so that...
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...Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar Bachelors in Business Studies Course Plan Course Title: Statistics for Business Instructor: Shahid Ali Contact Email shahid.ali@imsciences.edu.pk Semester/Duration: 16 Weeks Course objectives : To introduce students to the concepts of statistics and to equip them with analytical tools to be used in business decision making. The course is intended to polish the numeric ability of the students to identify business problems, describe them numerically and to provide intelligible solutions by data collection and inferential principles. Course pre-requisites Intermediate statistics Attendance Policy: Late arrivals are highly discouraged. Any student coming late to a class late by 5 minutes after the scheduled start time will be marked as absent for the day. The teacher reserves discretion, however, to allow or disallow any student, to sit in the class in case of late arrivals. Attendance is not be entertained once the attendance register is closed. Class Project Students will be divided in groups for a class project. Each group will have to nominate a group leader. The details of the project will be made available to the group leader. Class Presentations Each student will have to make at least one individual presentation and one group presentation in the class. The group presentation will be on the project explained earlier. The individual presentations will...
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...contributed a number of principles and features of management thought that adhered to his new concept of approaching management thought scientifically. He was one of the founders of management thought theory and is considered the father of scientific management. His ideas were developed and used for decades after the concept was created. • Principles of scientific management. Taylor believed that scientific management consists of a philosophy that results in a combination of four main principles. The first principle suggests that management need to develop the best way to complete a job. It is the task of finding the best method for achieving the objectives of a given job. The second principle states that management must carry out a scientific selection of their workers and develop them through proper management. Thirdly, management must carry out a scientific approach. That is, a true science should be developed in all fields of work activity. The fourth and final principle states that there should be an elimination on conflicts between methods and men. Workers are likely to resist new methods and this can be avoided by using it as an opportunity to offer more wages. • Features of scientific management. Taylor put forward a huge number of features of scientific management. One was the introduction of the standard task which every worker is expected to complete within a day. This task should be calculated through scientific investigation and work study is essential. Taylor...
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