...To an extent it is valid to say that Lenin's skill and determination as leader of the Bolsheviks was the main reason for the overthrow of the Provisional government. Although, there are significant other factors that contributed to the downfall of the government, such as the weakness the government it in itself possessed, the misjudgment and mistakes it made, and other contributing factors, such as the influential role of Trotsky, which helped impact on the eventual overthrow of the government. Evidence suggests that one of the main reasons for the fall of the Provisional government, was the weaknesses it in itself possessed. For example, the dual authority government can be seen as a weakness because it was not an elected body, and came into being as a rebellious committee of the old duma, refusing to disband at the Tsar's order. This meant it consequently lacked legitimate authority as a result. It had no constitutional claim upon the loyalty of Russian people and no natural fund of good will to rely on, meaning it was judged entirely on how it dealt with the nations problems, making it vulnerable from the start. Its second major weakness was that its authority was limited by its unofficial partnership with the Petrograd Soviet. To begin with there was considerable co-operation between the two, with some people (e.g.- Kerensky) being members of both bodies. The soviet did not set out to be an alternative government, and regarded its role as supervisory, checking that the...
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...Higher Level History Notes 19th Century Russia The Russian people are descendants of the ‘Rus’ who are thought to be a mixture of Scandinavian and Slavic origin and settled in that region out of ± 800 AD Byzantine Empire A major legacy of the Byzantine Empire for the Russians was the eastern orthodox or Greek Orthodox Church With the decline of Byzantium came a wave of conquest from the East, the Mongols until the 15th century (Tatars). To a large extent, the Mongols allowed Russians to maintain their way of life: - Slavic based languages including writing system (Cyrillic) - Orthodox religion The Russians adopted much from Asian culture and this led western Europeans to think less of the Russians Geographically Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe: - Entirely land locked (mostly) - Huge Plains of Eastern Europe prevented overland travel During these early years there were a series of muscovite princes based in Moscow and called themselves Tsars. By the 17th century the Romanov family became the ruling dynasty: - Alexander I (1801-1825) - Nicholas I (1825-1855) - Alexander II (1855-1881) - Alexander III (1881-1894) - Nicholas II (1894-1917) Under the rule of Peter the Great (1689-1728) Russia grew greatly in size and entered the European World www.ibscrewed.org The Russia of 1800 was one of the greatest autocracies in Europe where: - The Tsar’s rule was absolute - There was a small...
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...Rudolf Nureyev: Ballet’s Champion By Cindy Stockamp 1961 was a pivotal year for the fine arts from a media stand point. Up until then, reviews, commentaries, advertisements or just basic information were usually relegated to the fine arts publications and channels. However, on June 16, 1961, the Art of Ballet was on the front page of newspapers all around the world because that was the day that Rudolf Nureyev defected from the Soviet Union . His dramatic departure to the West, in essence, created its own Cold War crisis and turned him into a celebrity overnight. This, however, was just the beginning. Nureyev, a Russian dancer known for his ground breaking contributions to the world of ballet, spent the remainder of his life tearing down barriers and reinventing male ballet technique. What he brought to dance was a new role for men. No longer would men be just the frame holding or accentuating the picture of the female as the centerpiece. Nureyev continually worked to challenge the techniques of modern ballet dance by updating the most sacred of classics. He even made history by partnering with a woman twice his age, prima ballerina abssoluta, Margot Fonteyn. Due to his outspoken nature and willingness to taunt the rules of Soviet Communism, Rudolf Nureyev was convicted, in absentia, of treason (assigned traitor number 50,888) against the state under Soviet article N43 in April of 1962 . The intent of this paper is to take a deeper look into the complex and colorful...
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...WHEN THE BLOOD TURNS SAFFRON OR GREEN SUMIT DALAL Assistant professor Delhi University Abstract – India being home to countless communities and religion, taking pride in its diversity, is yet to fulfil the dream of secularism in a real sense. Even in 21st century when communal riots can be the potent way to settle political scores, it takes no time to understand that there is something severely wrong at the top level. Therefore the masses need to understand that ultimately its they who suffer and mourn, the ruling elite class goes untouched as always. The solution can thus, only come from the mango people itself. Keywords- communal violence, bloodshed, caste and communities, religion, indifferent authorities. Right in the middle of the violent clashes, the critically acclaimed Bollywood movie released a way back in 1995, demands a mention to portray the recent communal turmoil. The hindu protagonist in the film cuts the wrist of himself and his muslim love interest to prove that the blood flowing is of the same colour, making it impossible to differentiate on any basis, leave alone religion. Mr. Mani Ratnam would have never thought that his plot would win the test of times and still stand relevant in the seventh decade of independence of world’s largest democracy. With an economy among the world’s ten largest India’s status as a re-emerging global power is now not just recognised, but is increasingly institutionalised with a seat in G-20 , increasing clout in international...
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...EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION Two big events will frame the year ahead: America’s presidential election and the summer Olympic games in Beijing. The race for the White House will be a marathon, from the front-loaded primary season in January and February to the general election in November. The betting is that the winner will be a Democrat—with a strong chance that a Clinton will again be set to succeed a Bush as leader of the free world. China, meanwhile, will hope to use the Olympics to show the world what a splendid giant it has become. It will win the most gold medals, and bask in national pride and the global limelight. But it will also face awkward questions on its repressive politics. America and China will be prime players in the matters that will concentrate minds around the world in 2008. One of these is the world economy, which can no longer depend on America, with its housing and credit woes, to drive growth. America should—just—avoid recession, but it will be China (for the first time the biggest contributor to global growth) along with India and other emerging markets that will shine. Another focus of attention will be climate change. As China replaces America as the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases, serious efforts on global warming depend on the serious involvement of those two countries. If 2007 was the year when this rose to the top of the global agenda, in 2008 people will expect action. It is striking that green is a theme that links all the contributions...
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...Professional Training Year at THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Report submitted by Paul Preda Voicu URN: 6183487 In part fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of BSc (Honours) in International Hospitality and Tourism Management School of Hospitality and Tourism Management University of Surrey 2014 Table of Contents List of tables and figures 4 Acknowledgements 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Section A. Organisation evaluation 8 The Executive Summary 8 The Placement Overview 9 1. The Evaluation of the EP’s activities 10 1.1 The EP format 11 1.2 The History of the EP 11 1.3 Geographical Locations and Facilities 12 2. The People 16 2.1 Visions and Strategies 16 2.2 Institutional structure and management 16 2.2.1 External structure 16 2.2.2 Internal Structure 17 2.3 Management of the EP 21 2.3.1 EP’s Political management 21 2.3.2 EP’s Organisational management 22 2.3.3 EP’s Communication Management 23 2.4 Staffing, recruiting and training 24 2.4.1 Staffing 24 2.4.2 Recruiting 27 2.4.3 Training 27 3. The Numbers 27 3.1 Strict rules for efficient and transparent budget implementation 32 3.1.1 Separation of functions 32 3.1.2 Use of standard documents 32 3.2 Controls of the budgetary procedure 32 3.2.1 Internal controls 33 3.2.2 Internal audits 33 3.2.3 External controls 33 4. Evaluation and conclusion 34 4.1 SWOT analysis 34 4.2 Conclusions 35 Section B. Personal and professional development 36 ...
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...With its strong network of dealers, Caterpillar designs better products and provides superior customer service. Make Your Dealers Your Partners by Donald V. Fites A decade ago, many observers predicted that Caterpillar would join the long list of U.S. corporations that had fallen to the Japanese. Doomsayers on Wall Street, at business schools, and in the press focused particularly on the rivalry between Caterpillar and Komatsu. With Komatsu boasting tremendous eost advantages (as much as 40% in some product lines) and excellent produets, they accepted as a foregone conclusion that Komatsu would fulfill its vow to "encircle Cat" and become the dominant producer in our industry. Uke many predictions, this one fell short. Despite determined efforts by Komatsu, Hitachi, Kobelco, and others, our overall share of the world market for construction and mining equipment is the highest in our history. We have maintained our strong position in fapan through Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi, our 33-year-old joint venture with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. And after suffering some 84 fearsome losses in 5 of the 11 years from 1982 through 1992, we have rehounded financially with record profits and a return on equity in the mid to high thirties. I'm often asked how Caterpillar rose to the challenge. Several factors played a part. They include the tremendous value of our hrand name; the excellent quality of our produetS; the high resale value of our machines; a reorganization...
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...08/10/2014 HEALTH PROMOTION The Effects of Socioeconomic Influences of Health LO1 ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 1 • The notes contained in this PowerPoint presentation will cover LO1 (1.1;1.2;1.3) • Please print notes prior to attending lectures ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 2 1 08/10/2014 Learning Outcomes (LO) On successful completion of this lecture a learner will: LO1: Understand the socio-economic influences on health 1.1 explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. 1.2 assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health. 1.3 discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 3 Unit Content (LO1) Influences: social e.g. disposable income, unemployment, lifestyle choices, environment, access to healthcare facilities, access to information, citizenship status, discrimination. Sources of information: reports and enquiries e.g. Black Report DHSS 1980, Acheson Report ‘Independent Inquiry in ‘Inequalities in Health’ 1998, Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS), Health Survey for England (HSFE), census data ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 4 2 08/10/2014 Definitions (Class participation Review) • What is health promotion? • What is public health? • What do we mean by determinant of health? • What do we mean by environmental factors? ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 5 The main determinants of health Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, 1992 Figure 1: adapted from...
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...Does One Write? 7 38 III For IV Situation of the Writer in 1947 161 Index 299 67 FOREWORD want to engage yourself," writes a young imbecile, "what are you waiting for? Join the Communist Party." A great writer who engaged himself often and disengaged himself still more often, but who has forgotten, said to me, "The worst artists are the most engaged. Look "If you at the Soviet painters" "You want tres is to murder An old critic gently complained, literature. spread out insolently all Contempt for belles-let- through your review." A petty mind calls me pigheaded, which for him is evidently the highest insult. An author who barely crawled from name sometimes awakens men accuses me of not being one war to the other and whose languishing memories in old concerned with immortality; he knows, thank God, any number of people whose chief hope it is. In the eyes of an American hack-journalist the trouble with me is that I have not read Bergson or Freud; as for Flaubert, who did not engage himself, it seems that he haunts me like remorse. Smart-alecks wink at me, poetry? And And music? You want to engage them, too?" some martial spirits demand, "What's it all about? painting? And "And literature? Well, Engaged unless it's What it's the old socialist...
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...The White Tiger A Novel Aravind Adiga Free Press New York London Toronto Sydney FREE PRESS A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental. Copyright © 2008 by Aravind Adiga All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information address Free Press Subsidiary Rights Department, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 FREE PRESS and colophon are trademarks of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adiga, Aravind. The white tiger: a novel / Aravind Adiga. p. cm. 1. Chauffeurs—India—Bangalore—Fiction. 2. Poor—India— Bangalore—Fiction. 3. Ambition—Fiction. 4. Business people— India—Bangalore—Fiction. 5. Bangalore (India)—Fiction. I. Title. PR9619.4.A35W47 2008 2007045527 823'.92—dc22 ISBN-13: 978-1-4165-6273-3 ISBN-10: 1-4165-6273-7 Visit us on the World Wide Web: http://www.SimonSays.com The First Night For the Desk of: His Excellency Wen Jiabao The Premier's Office Beijing Capital of the Freedom-loving Nation of China From the Desk of: "The White Tiger" A Thinking Man And an Entrepreneur Living in the world's center of Technology and Outsourcing Electronics City Phase 1 (just off Hosur...
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...FINDER I love the idea of using the Greek word for Finder as the main character’s name… maybe that could even work into the title? The headlines are talking. They say that there are only an estimated 6000 Followers left worldwide and about 10 percent of them may be found in North America. China claims to have wiped them out altogether, while India believes that they can be rehabilitated. Those headlines were from two days ago blaring through my Blue Tooth and YAHWEH alone knows how many of us are left. But after 80 - 100 years of persecution, since the Government’s war on the Followers, we’ve learned how to hide in plain sight. It takes a lot more money living in The Cities than in the communes where I was raised. But after they found our camp, about forty people strong, maybe 34 of us all told were BORNAGAINSAVED. The others were people we’d find on the road hungry, alone, broken; designated appointments from YAHWEH – well after they found our camp . . . well, I’ve been living in cities since then. They called us something else then, but the name has been lost. Now they just call us walking dead or religious trash. Either way it’s all the same. If they catch us, then it’s the Big Show: no ifs, ands, or but’s. Even on the news feeds, we’re “they,” or “suspects,” or “fanatics” and never our names. We’re the nameless ones. That’s how we can tell true Followers from the government plants they keep sending us. You can tell by the scars we carry. Many of us grow our hairs...
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...Trustees of Princeton University Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989 Author(s): Timur Kuran Source: World Politics, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Oct., 1991), pp. 7-48 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2010422 . Accessed: 26/02/2011 05:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cup. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Cambridge University Press and Trustees of Princeton University...
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...FREE ENTERPRISE Activities TO THE TEACHER Free Enterprise Activities relate important economic concepts taught in the text to the market economy. Each activity reinforces an aspect of the American free enterprise system. Many activities challenge students to play the role of an entrepreneur, underscoring the key part played by those who assume the necessary risks to develop a business. Other activities help students understand the roles of government, labor, consumers, and the global economy in American free enterprise. CREATING A CUSTOMIZED FILE The individual booklets in the Teacher’s Classroom Resources provide a wide variety of supplemental materials to help make economics meaningful to students. These resources appear as individual booklets in a carryall file box. There are a variety of ways to organize your classroom resources. Three alternatives are given here: ■ Organize by category (all activities, all tests, etc.) ■ Organize by category and chapter (all Chapter 1 activities, all Chapter 1 tests, etc.) ■ Organize sequentially by lesson (activities, quizzes, and other materials for Chapter 1, Section 1; Chapter 1, Section 2, etc.) Regardless of the organization you choose, you may pull out individual activity sheets from these booklets, or you may photocopy them directly from the booklets and file the photocopies. You will then be able to keep original booklets intact in a safe place. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All rights reserved....
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...This case study provides a glimpse at Research in Motion’s (RIM’s) entry into the Chinese market during a time when many distractions—principally a patent dispute with NTP—occupied management’s attention. Norm Lo had been in charge of the Asia Pacific region for eight months, though he had been with RIM for five years. Lo was successful in signing new partners throughout Asia, but China remained a difficult market to crack. One holdup was an impasse with regard to RIM’s use of encryption technology and the Chinese authorities’ desire to monitor e-mail traffic and content. Here the technical and political concerns were entangled. Even calling in Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty to pay the Chinese federal authorities a visit (during a trade mission) provided no resolution. To further complicate things, the entirety of RIM had until recently been preoccupied with the legal settlement with NTP in the United States. There was much concern that NTP’s patent infringement claims could sink or substantially stymie RIM’s economic progress. Even as the NTP matters were settled, additional distracting infringement suits arose. Those holding patents thought they could get rich just by having a lawyer knock on RIM’s door. The study shadows Norm Lo trying to bring BlackBerry’s entry into mainland China to fruition. Should he “play hardball?” Is slow and steady going to do it? Is RIM getting walked all over in China, or is this what an outside firm should expect? Wishful...
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...wouldn’t be accepted and afraid that I would fail. I had taken over at Vingresor during troubled times. The 1973-1974 oil crisis had escalated air travel prices so much that passengers shied away from charter trips. It was our job to make Vingresor profitable again. We didn’t have many options. The main functions of a tour operator like Vingresor are to contract for flights and hotels and set up a service section at the travel resort that organizes excursions and activities. Then all these pieces are packaged together for the customer to purchase. The operator’s profit is to a great extent a question of cost: the more money invested throughout the various stages of assembling the package, the smaller the profit margin and the greater the chances of losing money. The less invested, the less the risk. In a sagging market, most product-oriented executives would have cut back on service. But this would only bring in less revenue, creating an even more serious problem. Instead, we chose to squeeze costs. At the time, we had about 210,000 customers, 40,000 of whom had purchased specially priced trips that were unprofitable to us. We decided to drive our costs down so that we could turn a profit even if we fell to 170,000 customers. But we didn’t just chop costs right off. We also restructured the organization, making it more flexible...
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