...The Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas all were different tribes that lived at different periods, in different locations, and they had different capitals for each civilization. The Mayan lived in parts of present-day southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. The Mayan lived between the 1000 BC to the 1542. The Mayan capital was Tikal but also there were also different capitals for each Mayan city. The Aztecs were located in now day Mexico. They also had the Great Valley. They lived between the 12 century AD to 15th century AD. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. The Inca’s were located in Peru. They lived between 1438 AD to 1532 AD. Their capital was Cuzco. The Inca empire was stretched out 2,000 miles from the north to the south. The Mayas economy was different and the same with the other tribes. They traded with many of the Mesoamerican cultures. The farmers transported their cocoa beans to the market in canoe or in large baskets. They had 3 ways of farming that were all good. The first one was the Slash and Burn farming, in this farming they burned down forests to get land to plant. This was a good way of farming but it also had its consequences....
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...philosophy surfaced with the introduction of the first school by the Spanish conquerors, with teaching and publications on philosophical treaties. As such, it is critical to deny that these thinkers got education from the European schools, making it quite impossible for Hispanic thinkers to express the sense of racism in their works. In addition, Hispanic-American thought intellectuals rarely produce original profiles because there elements originate from the elements and motifs originally designed for the European thought. Meanwhile, philosophy and religion plays a critical role in ancient civilization, culture creation, and preservation in the sense that they not only bind, but also influence the societal structure, statutes, and personal lives. This paper documents the Mayan culture taking into consideration their civilization, ideologies, as well as their rituals. Civilization Factors contributing to culture creation and preservation extend from geographical to a number of patterns. The origin of the Mayan culture from the central part of America gives the perfect example of socio-cultural effects, which even after several years, continue to exist. The review of Mayan gods, as well as their conquest by the Spanish holds confirms that religious factors ensure that the culture of the Mayan continues to thrive despite the influence by foreigners and the oppositions the Mayans faced. Meanwhile, the Mayans’ mathematical and astronomical advances were far much ahead of...
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...Maya is southeastern Mexico; Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; El Salvador and their population is near about 8-10 million and they use different type of language such as Spanish; English; Mayan dialects and their religion is Folk Catholicism; evangelical Christianity. The Mayan civilization started in meso America about 4000 years ago and this period is known as Pre-classic period. However, from 250-900 AD Mayan culture reached on its highest point and done a great advancement in the different fields such as art, architecture, astronomy, and as well as in mathematics and they figured out the concept of zero also and Mayan People also created accurate calendar for 365 days. And they built great monuments and buildings also from their only the advancement gets started. During this period Maya human progress was framed by...
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...to the mayan civilization before , their culture, their beliefs, how they find the source of their food and how they interact with one another. The film is the evidence of Gibson’s craft. His imagination is not simply moronic. It is like, if you do not know a small background of the mayans you will tell that the movie is just a simple movie that is created just because they want to know how the ancient people lived before. The best scene in the movie is how the people before respect their elderly and their tribe captain. None of the villagers harbour larger ambitions. They are contented , simple, one feels they would go on as they are till the end of time. They also believe in the sacrificial ritual wherein they offer a large number of people just to satisfy their religious beliefs. The arrival of the conquistadores and Christian missionaries at the film's climax completes this vision of Mayan civilization. As I have read before about the background of the Mayan civilization, there were some historical errors in the movie. First are the mayan cities and the Spanish conquistadores. Mayan cities have been abandoned for more than five hundred years before the Spanish arrived in Mesoamerica.Second is the eclipse. As far as I know, mayans have this tremendous astronomical knowledge and would not be confused by an single eclipse. The evidence for that is the one of the controversial film in our time “2012” or also known as the 12-12-12. The movie tells us that the mayan predicted...
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...History of the Mayans The Mayan civilization used hieroglyphics to keep important historical records, made many advancements in mathematics, and had a highly accurate astronomy system. Throughout their years of existence, the Mayans proved to be one of the most advanced civilizations ever recorded. Their hieroglyphic writing skills have been documented to be some of the most sophisticated in all of ancient The Mayans had an amazing and accurate calendar and a complex hieroglyphic writing .The Mayans also had an amazing understanding of mathematics and the workings of the universe. Many historians and researchers to compare the Mayan civilization to those great civilizations like Egypt and Greece and Rome. In addition the Mayans have been recognized by their advanced calendar, astronomy, architecture, arts, and mathematics. The Mayans was a highly advanced civilization instead Mel Gibson chose to highlight human sacrifices and extreme violence and demonstrated a negative view about the Mayans. In the movie apocalypto Mel Gibson is misrepresenting the Mayan culture and demonstrates many inaccurate historical facts about the Mayans civilization. Mel Gibson demonstrates a civilization engaged in extreme sacrificial ceremonies a civilization seen as a bloodthirsty and extremely violent. My research is set during the time period of the Classical period. The Movie Apocalypto drama unfolds in the last days of the Mayan civilization in Central America Mel Gibson starts the movie with...
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...The Mayan civilization were one of the most important Meso american cultures. They were a innovative civilization that controlled most of the land that stretched from southern Mexico to northern Central American. The Mayan civilization started in 250 A.D and disappeared during the 1500's most likely because of Spanish invasion. “Mayan civilization not only dominated the region in pre-Colombian times, but also it has captivated world attention more than a thousand years after it has collapsed (Foster)". According to Foster, the Mayan civilization has made a lasting impression on the world. Their lingering effect on the world is due to the fact the Mayans made many achievements in the areas of architecture, trade, religion, math, and astronomy. The Mayans were skilled in the field of architecture.Their architecture would include awe-inspiring observatories, palaces, ball courts, and stelaes which were intricate and detailed statues dedicated to a specific god. Mayan pyramids were based on Mesoamerican design and similar in style to the ziggurats of the ancient Mesopotamians and pyramids of the Inca. All three buildings would have a long staircase, leading up to a temple dedicated to a certain god. Although the Mayans focused on man made features for their architecture, they would also integrate natural resources. ”Mayan architecture tends to integrate a great degree of natural features...depending upon the location and availability of natural resources such as fresh-water wells...
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...Jalissa H. Professor Green History 101 INCAS The Incas became a definite group near present-day Cuzco around 1200CE. They were American Indian people. They were a small tribe in the Southern highlands of Peru. It was not until about 1400 tht they expanded and became one of the largest and morst tighly guarded empires the worl has ever known, under Pachacuti Inca. About 1532, the Spanish had arrived, at the time their empire was known as TYawantinsuyu. This is also known as the four Quarters, which spreed across the Northern Ecuador to the Central Chile, spanning some 3,500 kilometers in distance. Their skilld in governmebt matched their feat in engineering. They constructed roads, walls, irrigation system which is still being utilized in our society today. In 1532 the Spanish conquerors captured the Inca empires and it began to crumble. The Incas came out of conflicts between a number of competing communities in Southern Peru and Bolivia. It was the help of the military that caused success against the Chanca. This caused the Inca to believe they were under the protection of the sun God, Inti. Inti was known for being the emperor who was an earthly manifestation. The Incas thought they were on an all-powerful assignment to bring the civilization to those they had defeated. They inhabited some of the world’s arid dessert. Close by were the flat coastal lands and the jagged peaks of the Andes Mountain. The natives lived under the rule of one man, the emperor they called...
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...Purpose: To inform the audience on the Mayan theory of the “world ending”. Central Idea: To give information about the Mayan’s and their calendar and to show that according to them the world in fact is not ending. Introduction: Waking up in the morning you roll over look at your cell phone to see what time it is and while checking the time you also glance and the date and what date do you see but December 12, 2012. They day that many people believe will be the end of world because of one popular belief that the Mayan’s Calendar will end today and you will not wake up to see tomorrow but just wait all day in anticipation to see what happens. Preview Statement: That is what I am going to talk to you about today is the belief of the world ending according to the Mayan’s calendar that has become a very popular way to predict this. First I will you who they Mayan’s were and why they are of importance. Second I will give an overview of the three major calendars that are used to predict and what they mean. Third I will explain the solar galactic and what happened at each time this has occurred. Fourth I will explain what the Mayan’s believe will happen in 2012 so you can make your own belief’s on the Mayan’s version of the world ending. I. Who are the Mayan’s? (http://www.indians.org/welker/maya.htm) A. The Mayan’s were an Indian civilization that first began between the times Period. Of 250 A.D. to 1500 B.C. and were Mesoamerican’s. 1. They were Mesoamerican’s...
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...strength and support from all over the world, sooner or later we’ll find out whether or not these prophecies are true or just myths. Let’s begin with the most famous prophecy; it originates from the Maya Empire. This is where the prophecy was first discovered in one of the great Mayan empires in Mexico. The Mayan calendar ends on the leap year of 2012. The Mayan calendar was invented by a civilized tribe from Central America, dating back to 250-900 AD. The Maya empire stretched around most parts of Mexico down to El Salvador and even some parts of Honduras. Mayans had very advanced writing skills and an amazing ability when constructing cities. The Mayans are most famous for their magnificent pyramids which can be found all over South America. The Mayans were obsessed with time keeping; it was a spiritual practice for them. Their calendar was so precise it predicts a lunar eclipse thousands of years before it happens. The prophecy would just be like the Y2K bug though unless it had a good track record of predictions. The calendar predicted the arrival of the Spanish fleet on the day. If this is true which we have no way in proving, than this calendar has the ability to predict the end of the world. This prophecy wouldn’t be so popular if several other predictions were made from other cultures and areas of the world also different time frames. The I Ch’ing (first book of China) dates back to 2,000 BC. It predicts the world will undergo...
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...Music of Latin America Mayan Musical Traditions Mayan musical traditions are characterized by a hybrid nature of pre and post Encounter traditions, instrumentation, beliefs, practice and performance. Today someone can examine contemporary Mayan music to identify these European and indigenous characteristics. This paper is about the scholarly literature and musical selections of Mayan music to confirm the premise of hybridization. The social context of Mayan music today references the culture of pre and post Encounter. The music of the Maya “is a function of the Maya belief system, in which the ancient Mayan religion has accommodated a considerable overlay of Christian beliefs, symbols, and practices” (Olsen & Sheehy, 2008, p. 226). For example, musical events tend to coincide with Roman Catholic festivals and the Mayan agricultural calendar, reflecting the integration of both cultures. While official events might focus on European traditions, more intimate events, such as those involving marriage, illness, and birth, reference more traditional Mayan customs (Olsen & Sheehy, 2008). The music at these events is more likely to have instrumentation and performance qualities similar to those of ancient Mayan tradition, such as the use of a shaman singing a ritual chant. This chant departs significantly from post Encounter musical theory, involving the singing of a single tone that drops to a lower pitch when the shaman pauses briefly to take a breath...
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...and they weren’t hard to translate. Their goals were to leave what had happen. Despite the information that was left behind, contradiction was still in play. However, the method that the indigenous used were writing texts and arts with many of their writing documents some of which were readily easy like the Mayans calendar that was left behind. Another example, the indigenous wrote a text how the Itzcoatl and Tlacaelel gave land to the Aztec after the defeat. The Indigenous did the best that they can by leaving history about the pre-Hispanic history in the Americas and by doing that that they used writing arts to do that and will forever by synonymous for arts and pottery in the early years of the Hispanic history....
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...Many different civilisations flourished and fell in Mexico before the Aztecs came. The first were the Olmecs. They were the most advanced in their region from about 1200-300 BC. They made war clubs and attached weapons and sharp edges to their fists during battle. They also were one of the first to engage in human sacrifice in the Mexican region. They also had pyramids and stone carvings and made a basic calendar. Next were the Mayans who lasted about one thousand years as the most powerful in the region. Their cities were abandoned for unknown reasons at about 900 AD. The farmers and simple villages of the Mayans lived on. Hearts are starting to be sacrificed to the human gods in elaborate ceremonies by various tribes. The Toltecs are the...
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...Mayan Webquest http://ancientmayawebquest.weebly.com/index.html Gathering Questions 1. The ancient Maya were the only people in the Pre-Columbian America to develop what? hieroglyphics 2. Mesoamerica is considered by historians and archaeologists as one of the "well-springs" of civilization. What are some other "well-springs"? 3. What are the 3 major periods archaeologists have separated Maya history into? 4. What are the approximate years of the 3 periods? 5. What happened to the Maya as a people? the Maya Empire consisted of a number of powerful city-states spreading from southern Mexico to northern Honduras. 6. Where were the Maya primarily living? (In what modern-day countries?) 7. Name some of the more famous Maya sites 8. What are Maya "Codices"? folding books stemming from the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, 9. Why are there only 4 Maya codices today? What happened to the rest? 10. What mathematical milestone did the Maya achieve (that the Greeks and Romans did not?) 11. What is obsidian and what did the Maya use it for? 12. Who was "Pacal the Great"? He was king of the Maya kingdom of Palenque. Analysis Stage (3-5 sentence minimum response) 1. Briefly describe the term epigraphy. identifying graphemes clarifying their meaning classifying their uses according to dates and culture context. 2. Who was Linda Schele and what was her contribution to Mayan epigraphy? Linda Schele was an expert in the field of maya epigraphy. 3. Who is...
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...The Yucatan has a very rich history, which led to the success that it has today. It started out being the stronghold of Mayan civilization during the 12th century; however, the Yucatan went through many years of power struggle and war. In 1824 Yucatan became an official Mexican State. Until the mid-1900s, Yucatan’s only contact with the outside world was by sea. As a result, Yucatan’s trade with the United State’s, and the European and Caribbean Islands were far more profitable than that of all other Mexican states. Yucatan was linked to the rest of Mexico by railway in the 1950s and by highway a decade later. In the 1960s, the first commercial jet airplanes arrived in Merida. International airports were built in Cozumel and Cancun in the 1980s,...
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...their highest state development during the Classic period (c. 250 AD to 900 AD), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish. At its peak, it was one of the most densely populated and culturally dynamic societies in the world.[1] The Maya civilization shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilizations due to the high degree of interaction and cultural diffusion that characterized the region. Advances such as writing, epigraphy, and the calendar did not originate with the Maya; however, their civilization fully developed them. Maya influence can be detected from Honduras, Guatemala, Northern El Salvador and to as far as central Mexico, more than 1000 km (625 miles) from the Maya area. Many outside influences are found in Maya art and architecture, which are thought to result from trade and cultural exchange rather than direct external conquest. The Maya peoples never disappeared, neither at the time of the Classic period decline nor with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores and the subsequent Spanish colonization of the Americas. Today, the Maya and their descendants form sizable populations throughout the Maya area and maintain a distinctive set of traditions and beliefs that are the result of the merger of pre-Columbian and post-Conquest ideas and cultures. Many Mayan languages continue to be spoken as primary languages today; the Rabinal Achí, a play written in the Achi' language, was declared a Masterpiece of the Oral...
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