...Work Study What is Work Study? What is work?: Work is an activity in which one exerts physical and mental effort to accomplish a given task or perform a duty. Task: An amount of work that is assigned to a worker or for which a worker is responsible. Work Element: A series of work activities that are logically grouped together because they have a unified function in the task Task Work Elements Basic Motion Elements The Pyramidal Structure of Work A work element consists of multiple basic motion elements Examples: Reaching for an object, Grasping the object, Moving the object, Walking, Eye movement Work Study • • Work Study is the systematic examination of the methods of carrying out activities such as to improve the effective use of resources and to set up standards of performance for the activities carried out. A generic term for those techniques, particularly method study and work measurement, which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts, and which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect improvement. Work study Method study Work measurement Method Study Method-study concerned with “the way in which work is done (i.e., method)”. It is used to simplify the way to accomplish a work and to improve the method of production. Method-study results in a more effective use of material, plant, equipment and manpower. Method...
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...14-16, 2010, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia Time Motion Study in Determination of Time Standard in Manpower Process Abdul Talib Bon, Daiyanni Daim Abstract— Time and Motion Study is rarely used in the industry nowadays. In this study, the company that involve in the rice based company.. This study using this type of study method in order to increase production and identify any improvement that could be made through identifying the process that involving manpower as the main reason and state the time standard in order to achieve the objectives of increasing the production and decreasing the cost. This study is using systematic observation, interview with discussion and stopwatch time study. Statistically Fit and Production Modeler software is used to test the data and make improvements. By stating the time standard for the process involving manpower, production rate increase and the cost will be less. Other than that, proposal for improvement could be made in order to enhance the effort to achieve the main objective of any business organization in the world. Keywords: Time and Motion Study, Ergonomics,Productivity, Manpower Factor, Time Standard Total cycle time is means of the combine effect of cycle time in all business processes from the time needed until reach satisfaction. In short, the total cycle time is defined comprehensively. It include all business process cycle time, and it focus on a single process. This study is execute in a rice based company in Sabah which is...
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...Introduction This chapter explains the methods used in meeting the goals of the study. In order to meet its goals, the study will use the documentary research method to explain the working of educational theories. According to Platt (1981, 58), the documentary research method is an effective system in explaining a social phenomenon even though it has traditionally been marginalized by scholars. This is a method of research which is not only effective but it is often less expensive when compared to other popular research methods. It involves coming up with techniques that are used in categorizing, investigating, interpreting, and identifying the challenges of the sources used in gathering information. Documentary research will be used as the primary source of information in this qualitative study. Use of documentary research According to Scott (2006, 228), documentary research has long been assumed to be the preserve of historians even though its application in social research in very important. There are many scholars who continue to view descriptive research as a method that is not clear-cut. However, these perceptions and assumptions are wrong in that the documentary method which uses sources such as government files, and reports from the past presents a clear way of looking not just the present but also the future. In education, using the documentary research method makes it easy to understand the patterns that various theories have had when used to address various contemporary...
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...contact us at: help@mindblows.us NRS-433V All Weeks Discussions NRS-433V Module 1 DQ 1 Identify two areas of nursing practice, which evidence-based practice has improved patient outcomes. State the study and its impact on patient care. How have these findings changed your nursing practice? Please support your response with a minimum of two supporting peer reviewed articles. NRS-433V Module 1 DQ 2 What similarities and differences can you identify between the nursing process and the research process? NRS-433V Module 2 DQ 1 The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in the research study to increase validity and reliability. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? Support your answer with current evidence-based literature. NRS-433V Module 2 DQ 2 Nursing research is used to study a dilemma or a problem in nursing. Examine a problem you have seen in nursing. Why should it be studied? Justify your rationale. NRS-433V Module 3 DQ 1 The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. What are the differences and similarities between two of the three types of studies? NRS-433V Module 3 DQ 2 Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. In what ways could a researcher manage and organize the data? NRS-433V Module...
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...of the patient. This paper includes studies on the nurses knowledge, adherence and opinions on two-nurse double-check method for medication administration. The research concludes the evidence proved to be insignificant. Keywords: time management, medication errors, patient safety, double-check medication administration THE LINK BETWEEN INDEPENDENT DOUBLE CHECK AND PATIENT SAFETY Introduction The risk of medication errors will always exist, despite the many methods of preventing medication administration errors. The steps of the medication administration process are vital for patient safety. Unfortunately due to the lack of nurses in hospitals, nurses tend to skip steps of safe medication administration because of patient load and the time required to perform the steps. Are double checks essential in preventing medication errors? A diabetic patient on the medical-surgical floor needs the...
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...A state of art methods research on methods to assist customer requirements elicitation Fabio Alves Serconek I declare that this submission is entirely my own original work. I declare that, except where fully reference direct quotations have been included, no aspect of this submission has been copied from any other source. I declare that all other works cited in this submission have been appropriately referenced. I understand that any act of Academic Dishonesty such as plagiarism or collusion may result in the non-award of my degree. Signature…………………………………………………………………………………… Date………………………………………………………………………………………….. Table of Contents Abstract 3 1. Introduction 3 2. General process of customer requirements management 3 2.1. Requirement Elicitation 5 3. Kansei mining 5 3.1. Kansei Engineering 5 3.2. Kansei mining method 6 3.3. Case study 7 3.4. Method analysis 8 4. Picture Sorting and ART2 Network 8 4.1. Sorting technique 9 4.2. The ART2 Network 10 4.3. Case study 11 4.4. Method analysis 12 5. Conclusion 13 6. References 14 Figure Index Figure 1 - Customer requirement management process (Jiao & Chen, 2006) 4 Figure 2 - Perceptual design elements for mobile phones (Jiao, Zhang, & Helander, 2006) 7 Figure 3 -Procedure of specified picture sorts for product design (Shieh, Yan, & Chen, 2008) 10 Figure 4 - Customer attributes hierarchy derived from the sorting process (Shieh, Yan, & Chen, 2008) 12 ...
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...SCIENCES ET DE L'INDUSTRIE, PARIS, FRANCE AN APPROACH TO INCREMENTAL INNOVATION THEORIES AND ITS METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Hannu Oja Tampere University of Technology ABSTRACT A quest for powerful tools to support creation of innovative solutions exists in industry. Majority of development efforts aims for incremental development of products, either by means of improved performance in use or during manufacturing process. New concepts or solutions on product’s functionality and behaviour (behaviour meaning how the functionality is delivered, response) are needed to bring benefits. Generic product development theories, models and methods are applicable for new product development, as their approach is linear and founded on functional requirements and means to execute them. However, in industry the product development activities preferably start from existing product or concept with pre-determined goals rather than from scratch. Creativity techniques and multidisciplinary workgroups have been referred in literature as means for creating innovations. However, these methods lack context of technical system and are general in nature and could be used for any problem with assistance of experienced moderator and a group of individuals. These techniques and methods are not included in this study. An approach from retrospective case study is presented. It was found that the mental process of an innovator follows more problem solving theory than design theory. However, the structuring...
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...Quantitive and qualitative research paper BSHS/435 January 11 2016 Quantitive and qualitative research paper Introduction In this essay, I will define appropriate academic research and what that means, I will describe quantitative research, and qualitative of research explaining how they are different and how they relate to one another, human service field, and a scientific method. I will also describe how to decide whether to use quantitative or qualitative research mythology I will provide examples of what sort of study is appropriate for each mythology and I will explain why I chose those examples. I will also define mixed method research and describes drinks, overbite an example of what is appropriate to apply mixed methods research in the human service field I will also identify an ethical issue in research. Appropriate academic research "Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interrupting information parentheses data parentheses in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are into interested or concerned" (Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). As students will use academic research to answer the questions that we do not know to have a better understanding for a topic and clarity on subjects that we are learning in school. The research allows us not to make assumptions about something that we do not know, but it said have clarity on what it truly is. I could not make research improve the knowledge for...
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...establish facts in a particular field. The research process involves various steps that helps the organization to investigate a problem or look for an opportunity facing the organization. The steps...
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...Performance Evaluation Study Guide 5 LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this Study Guide, you should be able to: • Understand the reason why it is critical to use a separate set of data not used in the training to evaluate the performance of a model. • Describe the different validation methods to evaluate model performance. • Explain the different measures used to measure model performance, including lift chart. • Describe a systematic search process to find the best performing model. 5-1 Study Guide 5: Performance Evaluation Reading material Textbook Chapter 5 (exclude 5.5, 5.6, 5.9 & 5.10) Kennedy et al, Section 11.2. 1. Performance evaluation It important to recognize that performance evaluation is the task involved in step 6 (training and testing) and constitutes the key component in comparing multiple models in step 7 of the data mining process, described in Study Guide 4. Training is a process of transforming a set of data into a model using a learning algorithm. Once the data is ready (after steps 2, 3 and 4) and an algorithm is selected (step 5), training is a straightforward process (the first part in step 6). Refer to the data mining process in pages 4-1 and 4-2. In this Study Guide, we focus on issues related to model evaluation (the second part of step 6), i.e. we want evaluate how well the trained model will perform for unseen or future data. 2. Use only unseen data for performance evaluation In...
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...Chapter One: Introduction This chapter consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, general and specific objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, limitation of the study and organization of the paper. 1.1 Background of the Study The government of Ethiopia has launched economic reforms, financial liberalization measures and restructuring of financial institutions with the aim of promoting a competitive environment and efficient banking services to the public. The financial sector, with implementation of flexible interest and exchange rates that are market-lead, shows sign of improvement. In addition, the coming in to effect of the Licensing and Supervising Banking and Business Proclamation No. 84/1994 propels the emergence of many private banks in the market since 1994 (Kiyota et.al, 2007). This joined by rapid technological advancement and improved communication systems, has contributed to the increasing integration and resemblance amongst banks in the financial sector. As a result, banks are now faced with very high and intense competition amongst them (Harvey, 2010). Hence, in order to win this intense competition and maintain their market share of the bank industry; Human resources management is critical to the success of organization because human capital qualities that make it valuable, in sense high quality employees provide that a needed services as they perform capital function and resource of the employer (Donnelly...
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...whereby the nursing sister would direct the nurses on duty after hearing reports from the night shift nurses and the doctors’ rounds (Walsh and Ford 1989). The repetitive characteristic of the traditional handover does not encourage nurses to think critically or share different views, therefore depicted as a “ritual” (Kerr et al 2011). 1.1 BACKGROUND OFTHE STUDY The aim of a nursing shift handover is to precisely inform the patient’s general condition, care plan, treatment and expectations in a timely manner (Runy 2008). The process, if made without a systematic standardized method, would lead to errors and jeopardizes patient’s safety (ACSQHC 2010). Reported adverse events from handovers include unnecessary procedure and investigations, delayed diagnosis or treatments, prolonged hospitalization, increased cost, and dissatisfied patients (Patterson and Wears 2010). Therefore The Joint Commission (2009) and the WHO (2008) have emphasized on the necessity for organizations to develop standard operational procedures for handover. In view of different requirements and settings, every organization should establish its own method to handover effectively (Runy 2008). As a guideline, the...
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...outlines the method of research, research design, data analysis and concludes with a summary justifying the research methodology. 3.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research has been described as a systematic process of inquiry and discovery which provides an original contribution to the existing set of knowledge making for advancement in any particular topic or subject matter (Kitchin and Tate 2013).According to Anfara and Mertz (2006) a theoretical framework provides researchers with the ways of thinking and a source of sight. An epistemological paradigm of thought to acquire knowledge provided the theoretical framework which informed the choice of a non-participant observation study, an aspect of ethnographic research. According to Flick (2004) ethnography is propelled by an interest of participating or non-participating in observing events and processes while they occur. This allowed the researcher to observe the subject from a distance without interaction (Silverman 2010). Consequently this allowed the examination of various published documents which included government office reports and agency archives (Bishop 2012). A deductive approach of reasoning was incorporated in the study which permitted assumptions from abstract propositions which resulted in the undertaken of this research study (Ritchie et al, 2014). Regardless of the method of research implemented there are three distinct approaches to a research study which are qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods approach...
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...Fundamentals of Research The text defines scientific method as a “general expression for the methodology of science, or a systematic research approach or outlook emphasizing the use of empirical reasoning” (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2008, p. 424). Within this paper there will be a discussion on the scientific method and how it relates to research in the human services field. This paper will review the steps in the scientific inquiry process. This paper will define quantitative and qualitative research and explain how they relate and differ each to the human services field and the scientific method. The paper will determine whether to use a quantitative or qualitative research methodology, and provide examples of what sort of study is appropriate for each methodology and why. The paper will define mixed method research with descriptions and strengths included. Examples of when it is appropriate to apply mixed method research in the human services field will also be examined. In conclusion, there will be a summary of how scientifically sound research supports the function of the human services manager. The Scientific Method The six steps to conducting research are “1) identifying a research problem, 2) reviewing the literature, 3) specifying a purpose for research, 4) collecting data, 5) analyze and interpreting the data, and 6) reporting and evaluating research” (Creswell, 2008, p. 7-8). The scientific method is the process of asking and answering scientific questions by observation...
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...Research Process and Methodologies Study Guide Andrea Aguilar HCS/465 November 23, 2015 Jeanine Maine Research Process and Methodologies Study Guide This paper will have information in regards to research methodologies, and what style can be effective for research. I will be explaining the steps in the research process. I will summarize the difference between a hypothesis and a research question. I will be explaining the types of research methodologies. Including the types of data collection tools used in health care research. This paper will have some sampling methodologies. Also the types of statistical analyses. Explain the steps in the research process There are many different styles in the research process. However, each style does have the same steps in the research process. According to Priest and Roberts (2015) there are eight steps that need to be taken in consideration for research. The first step is to identify the problem. This can also be developing a research question. To identify a problem or question, one must gather some knowledge or information that is needed by the source. The second step is reviewing the literature. By reviewing the literature, the researcher must review the literature related to what was identified as the problem. This step provides foundational knowledge about the problem area. The third step is clarifying the problem. After the literature has been reviewed, the researcher must narrow it down to what the...
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