...Security Operations over Philippine territorial1, archipelagic2 and internal3 waters, rivers, ports4 of entry and exits. 1Territorial waters or a territorial sea as defined by the 1982 UNCLOS, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. 2archipelagic waters are the waters enclosed by the archipelagic baselines as drawn in accordance with section 6; "conservation and management" includes all methods and measures which are: (a) Required to rebuild, restore or maintain, or which are useful in rebuilding, restoring or maintaining any (UNCLOS 1982). 3 internal waters according to the UNCLOS, includes the nation’s waters on the landward side of the baseline of a nation's territorial waters, except in archipelagic states. It includes waterways such as rivers and canals, and sometimes the water within small bays 4On major ports operated by the Philippine Ports Authority, MG should coordinate prior to the conduct of law enforcement activities therein. 5Coastal Area/Zone - is a band of dry land and adjacent ocean space (water and submerged land) in which terrestrial processes and uses directly affect oceanic processes and uses, and vice versa; its geographic extent may include areas within the landmark limit of one (1) kilometer from the shoreline at high tide to include mangrove swamps, brackish water ponds, nipa swamps, estuarine rivers, sandy beaches and other areas within...
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...leading to the increase in temperature of the surface of the earth. Scientists and researchers have argued that the increase in the earth’s surface temperature can cause climate change which can lead to catastrophic and disastrous events such as the raise of the ocean water levels due to the melting of the polar ice and flooding the coastal areas. 1.2 INTRODUCTION Climate change is the world phenomenon in which the temperature of the earth’s surface increases to the level in which it threatens the wellbeing and proper operation of the ecosystems thereby affecting the life of humans and other animals due to the unpredictable seasons and effects of droughts, floods and higher temperatures that lead to the great loss of biodiversity( )…………………states that the term ‘gender’ refers to sexually ascribed roles responsibilities and opportunities associated with women and men, as well as...
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...Drowning is a process resulting in primary respiratory impairment from submersion in a liquid medium. It occurs usually silently and rapidly. Nearly 80% of all people who die from drowning are male. (Emedicine.medscape.com) Drowning is more serious in the younger generation and it shows that up to ten people die every day from unintentional drowning. (Nlm.nih.gov) Drowning ranks fifth among the leading causes of unintentional injury death in the United States. (Nlm.nih.gov) Children primarily age grouped one through four have the highest drowning rates out of any other age group. Some of the main factors that affect near drowning victims are lacking the ability to swim, not having supervision when swimming, lack of barriers, failure to wear life jackets, location, alcohol use, and seizure disorders. Research has found that taking swimming lessons has reduced the chances of drowning in kids and anyone else lacking the ability to swim. Near drowning is not something to take lightly and can happen to anyone including...
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...Renewable Energy Wave Technologies Table of Contents: 1.0) Introduction 2.0) Wave Technologies 3.0) Where can it be used? 4.0) Wave Technologies 4.1) For the Study only consider the following Technologies: 4.2) Current Issues with Wave Energy Generation 4.3) Oscillating Water Column (Scowcroft) 4.3)1. Construction of OWC at Isle of Islay, Scotland 4.3)2. Installed OWC Technology 4.3)3. OWC cost 4.3)4. Problems with OWC 4.4) Pelamis 4.4)1. Construction of Pelamis 4.4)2. Installed Pelamis Technology 4.4)3. Pelamis Costs 4.4)4. Problems with Pelmis 4.5) Wave Technology: CETO 4.5)1. Installed CETO Technology 4.5)2. Construction of the CETO Technology 4.5)3. CETO Costs 4.5)4. Problems with CETO 5.0) Application in Australia 5.1) Wave Technology feasibility in Australia 5.2) What is the plan for Western Australia? 5.2)1. Wave Technology selected for Western Australia is the CETO system by Carnegie Wave Energy Limited 5.2)2. Why is the CETO the right option for...
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...likely that before recorded history, nomadic tribes were bound by waterways. Historically, civilizations have developed on the banks of the world’s rivers for several basic reasons. Rivers create a natural defense against invasion, as well as a source of sustenance and commerce. The primary disadvantage is that a river tends to change its course. Either gradually, through erosion, reliction, and gradual accretion, or by avulsion, violently breaking through one of its banks, creating a new arm at some distance from its previous bed (1). The communities within the river valleys of the Euphrates, Tigris, Indus and Yellow, may have witnessed the first issues concerning shifting boundaries along waterways. While the laws that govern the United States are derived primarily from the common law of England, the solutions that governing bodies have arrived at concerning these shifting boundaries may be rooted along the banks of the Tiberis River of Ancient Rome. Drawing on Roman private property law and continuing through medieval and modern legal practice, common law jurisprudence and legal scholarship developed a distinction between the two processes of accretion and avulsion in order to mediate problems over a shifting river boundaries (2). Although there are references to the issues surrounding the topics contained within this report that date back to ancient civilizations, analysis will begin with English common law. Under English common law, title to all real property vested with...
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...In 2005, Kelo Susette challenged the city of New London in Connecticut. New London had plans for development in the city to improve their recent economic decline. New London, under the taking clause, seized private property with just compensation and sold it to private developers in an attempt to create jobs. Kelo claimed that this activity was not “public use” as the clause states is a must for any seizure of private property. The ruling was that this use qualified as a public use under the takings clause. (KELO v. CITY OF NEW...
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...Child Abuse Leads to Substance Use and Violence Abstract Why does being abused as a child lead to substance abuse and violence as an adult? This research studies this question from an environmental, socialization, psychological, and biological perspective. Low income families have great stressors and may make the wrong choice to abuse their children and take drugs or drink alcohol. Those children may fail to bring themselves out of that type of living environment, due to their families’ lack of care, and become unemployed with traumatized emotions and involvement with substances to try and cope. Because they are submerged to violence, abused children will grow up and learn to use violence as a main way of dealing with social situations. Victimized children will grow up with a great chance of suffering from harmful psychological problems such as depression, anxiety or psychiatric disorders. They will never be able to fully escape from their painful memories and traumas. To deal with the depression or disorder, they may lash out in violence or abuse substances to feel better. Overall, the brains development is fastest growing as a child and abuse affects the learning processes and behaviors that a child grows into. Violence and substance abuse appear in previously abused adults because the effects of child maltreatment are so harsh that they never completely fade. The violence is what they’ve learned to express and the substances are coping methods. Child Abuse Leads to Substance...
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...Case Study on Negligence - Stella v Christine Stella can take an action of Negligence against Christine for her careless conduct regarding the slippery floor as well as the heating urn and steamer. She will be the plaintiff, and Christine, the defendant. Stella bears the burden of proof that Christine owed her a duty of care, but omitted to perform it, which caused her personal injuries and economic loss. The elements, including duty of care, breach of duty of care, and damage, must be proven on the balance of probabilities. If proven, Stella will probably be able to claim monetary compensation for her medical costs, loss of earnings, and suffering and pain. At the meanwhile, however, Christine can defend herself by alleging Stella’s Contributory Negligence so that the amount of her compensation might be reduced. DUTY OF CARE The law states that the duty of care is established upon the reasonable foreseeability test, which means a defendant will owe a duty of care to a plaintiff where it is reasonably foreseeable that their act or omission of act might harm the plaintiff. Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] created the modern concept of negligence. Since then, the test of 'reasonable foreseeability' has been discussed in many cases. Take Wyong Shire Council v Shirt [1980] as an example, in that case the court held that it was a foreseeable risk that the ambiguity of the deep water sign might induce people to believe that the water was deep and therefore safe for water skiing;...
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...Project Selection: A MCDM approach Site Selection for Hydro Power Plant using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Outline: NHPC Limited (Formerly known as National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.), A Govt. of India Enterprise was established with the objective to plan, promote and organize an integrated and efficient development of hydroelectric power in all aspects. Since its inception in 1975, NHPC has grown to become one of the largest organizations in the field of hydropower development in the country. With its present capabilities, NHPC can undertake all activities from concept to commissioning of Hydroelectric Projects. The Case describes an AHP based approach to evaluate the sites among those identified to potentially set up hydroelectric power plants beyond the XI Plan. Introduction NHPC Limited (Formerly known as National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.), A Govt. of India Enterprise, was incorporated in the year 1975 with an authorized capital of Rs. 2000 million and with an objective to plan, promote and organize an integrated and efficient development of hydroelectric power in all aspects. Later on NHPC expanded its objects to include development of power in all its aspects through conventional and non-conventional sources in India and abroad. At present, NHPC is a Mini Ratna Category-I Enterprise of the Govt. of India with an authorized share capital of Rs. 1,50,000 Million. With an investment base of over Rs.3,17,000 Million Approx. , NHPC...
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...downstream reservoir at a time when the Khadkawasla reservoir was already full, with the gates discharging at near full capacity. This caused overtopping of the dam because inflow was much above the design flood. The entire length of the dam spilling 2.7 m of water. Vibration of the structure was reported, as the incoming flood was battering the dam. Failure occurred within four hours of the visiting flood waters. The gushing flood water rendered homeless hundreds of families in just a few hours, besides damaging popular landmarks of that time like the then newly reconstructed LAKDI PUL (SAMBHAJI BRIDGE) and OMKARESHWAR TEMPLE to name a few,” . The top of the STATUE of RANI LAXMIBAI OF JHANSI on JM Road was visible while rest was completely submerged in flood water. Water rushed into the old ‘Peths’ and along Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana areas. For many hours, the high water levels persisted. Many had climbed atop Parvati temple and Chaturshringi temple and remained there till the flood water receded by night Besides hundreds of houses located on river bank being wiped away in flood water, few prominent structures in Pune were also damaged....
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...OTC 25233-MS Fluid-Structure Interaction: Lowering Subsea Structure / Equipment in Splash Zone During Installation D.Jia, Technip, M.Agrawal, ANSYS Copyright 2014, Offshore Technology Conference This paper was prepared for presentation at the Offshore Technology Conference held in Houston, Texas, USA, 5–8 May 2014. This paper was selected for presentation by an OTC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been reviewed by the Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Offshore Technology Conference, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Offshore Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract mus t contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright. Abstract Successful installation of subsea structures and equipment is critical for offshore campaigns in development of deep-water fields. This paper presents a novel approach using Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) to predict wave induced motions, wave loads, dynamic stresses and deformation of subsea structure and equipments in the splash zone during installation. This approach combines transient multiphase CFD simulation...
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...DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY - DASMARIÑAS Communication Arts Department Lawrence G. Rawl, chairman and chief executive of the Exxon Corpoation was in his kitchen sipping coffee when the phone rang and received the news regarding the spilling of crude oil into the frigid waters of Prince William Sound, just outside the harbor of Valdez, Alaska. What was about to happen was the worst environmental disaster in the history of the United States. These were the documented facts that media had portrayed across the United States and to the world: Exxon Valdez, a 978-foot tanker piloted by a captain whom later revealed to be drank, ran aground on a reef 25 miles southwest of the port of Valdez. The results caused a spill of 250,000 barrels, the largest spill ever in North America. The devastating results affects, 1,300 square miles of water, damaging some 600 miles of coastline and murdering as many as 4,000 Alaskan sea otters. The disaster also enshrined the name of Exxon in the all-time Public Relations Hall of Shame. (Seitel, 2000). According to the book, Exxon’s dilemma broke down into five categories. First was the hesitation of Mr. Rawl if he is going directly and personally to Alaska. In an interview Mr. Rawl has said, “We had concluded that there was simply too much for me to coordinate from New York. It wouldn’t have made any difference if I showed up and made a speech in the town forum. I wasn’t going to spend the summer there; I had other things to do”...
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...ABSTRACT The ecosystem is an ecological system formed by the relationship reciprocity is inseparable between living things and their environment. Aquatic ecosystems lab course pooled aims to acknowledge and study of the characteristics of the aquatic ecosystem is pooled. This lab course held on Sunday, 29 August 2010 in Situ Gede region Quadrant II at station 6. Methods undertaken in this lab course is sampling (sampling methods) which includes interviews, field observation and data collection techniques with some parameters, as the nature of physics, chemistry, and biology, then conducted the analysis ofsamples in laboratory. The General characteristics of the physical parameters murky brown waters is the color, brightness ranges from 27-31 cm, depth ranging from 105-138 cm, type of substrate in the form of fine mud and temperatureon the third substations was 31 ºc. The result of the chemical parameters,...
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...Exxon Valdez and Tylenol Case Study DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY - DASMARIÑAS Communication Arts Department Lawrence G. Rawl, chairman and chief executive of the Exxon Corpoation was in his kitchen sipping coffee when the phone rang and received the news regarding the spilling of crude oil into the frigid waters of Prince William Sound, just outside the harbor of Valdez, Alaska. What was about to happen was the worst environmental disaster in the history of the United States. These were the documented facts that media had portrayed across the United States and to the world: Exxon Valdez, a 978-foot tanker piloted by a captain whom later revealed to be drank, ran aground on a reef 25 miles southwest of the port of Valdez. The results caused a spill of 250,000 barrels, the largest spill ever in North America. The devastating results affects, 1,300 square miles of water, damaging some 600 miles of coastline and murdering as many as 4,000 Alaskan sea otters. The disaster also enshrined the name of Exxon in the all-time Public Relations Hall of Shame. (Seitel, 2000). According to the book, Exxon’s dilemma broke down into five categories. First was the hesitation of Mr. Rawl if he is going directly and personally to Alaska. In an interview Mr. Rawl has said, “We had concluded that there was simply too much for me to coordinate from New York. It wouldn’t have made any difference if I showed up and made a speech in the town forum. I wasn’t going to spend the summer there;...
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...Running head: Entrepreneurs’ Fears Case Study Entrepreneurs’ Fears Case Study Introduction The White House would like to raise exports by small business, however the unreliability of the global market is frightening the enterprise. President Obama would like to help out small businesses by asking Export-Import Bank to rise export funding by more than a third, to 6 billion dollars. With these increases he hopes to double American exports and encourages small businesses to go abroad. It is extremely hard for small businesses to go abroad though when the larger businesses dominate exports accounting for close to 60 percent of the 1.2 trillion dollars in exports. Small businesses are just not as experienced and aren’t able to compete with these large organizations that have already established a presence overseas. (Tozzi) Establishing of Stakeholder’s Problems The main problem with going overseas is the unpredictability of the global market, for example Old Wood, a flooring company owner of only 15 employees out of Las Vegas N.M. attempted to do business abroad and found that it is not as simple as it looks. “In 2008 a theater in Seoul ordered 18,300 square feet of Douglas fir flooring, a job worth $130,000, roughly 10% of the company's revenues. Owner David Old says the buyer passed a credit check, paid a deposit, and made two payments on time. Old delivered the wood, but the final payment of $40,000 never arrived. "I don't think the guy was a crook," Old says...
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