...As of 2014 (see Appendix B), a majority of residential areas surrounding downtown Detroit have experienced moderate to high vacancy while residential areas further from the city centre experiencing low to no vacancy. This has produced higher population density in the outskirts of the city and low density in the downtown core, a stark difference from the population distribution in the 1950s when the downtown core had the highest population density (see Appendix C). While Pittsburgh has experienced some suburban sprawl and population decline, population density is still highest near the downtown core and vacant areas can be attributed to green spaces (Appendix D). Additionally while Detroit has twice the land mass of Pittsburgh, its population...
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...Commuting, Transportation Spending and Urban Sprawl Roy L. Coxon April 29, 2015 Dr. Hatten My overall topic for my research project is Commuting, Transportation Spending and Urban Sprawl. The purpose of this project is to design a research study to determine and clarify what effect urban sprawl has on private-vehicle commuting costs and household expenditures. Let us first look at the definition of sprawl. There is no universally accepted definition although there have numerous attempts to institute a unified definition of this multifaceted concept. Sprawl is defined as low-density development with residential, shopping and office areas that are isolated, a lack of thriving centers and limited choices in travel routes (Ewing, 2002). Sprawl is ever-present and its effects are impacting the quality of life in every region of America, in our large cities and small towns. The contextual factors (historical) of sprawl go back to 1937 when Earle Draper first created the term “sprawl” in 1937 (Nechyba, 2004). To document the presence of urban sprawl and urban population levels is to look within urban areas at the evolving relationship between suburbs and central cities. The conversion of a primarily rural population in 1790 became increasingly centered in cities over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Only about 5 percent of the U.S. population lived in urban areas in 1790 as that figure tripled by 1850 and surpassed 50 percent by 1920. The 2000 Census...
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...Portland's largest employer and the area contains the company's biggest chip-making facility, the home of the Pentium III. It seems almost un-American. Why has a hyper-competitive company (whose boss once wrote a book called “Only the Paranoid Survive”) agreed to pay for the privilege of creating jobs? Because it is based in Portland, headquarters of the reaction against “anything-goes” development. And because all over America, for the past year, people have begun to worry about the unfettered expansion of jobs, factories, houses, offices, roads and shops that goes by the name of “sprawl”. Suddenly, sprawl has started to spread itself all over America's public agenda. The Republican governor of New Jersey, Christine Todd Whitman, calls the preservation of open space her most important task. The Democratic governor of Maryland, Parris Glendening, says that, education apart, “controlling sprawl is the most important issue facing us in terms of what our quality of life is going to be.” In this section Straining at the seams Alien scientists take over USA! Not quite the monster they call it Help from the Hidden Hand Mud-slinging, body-slamming Uh-huh Pass the salt Reprints Related topics Taxes Public finance Intel United States Portland, Oregon Almost everybody with a voice that needs to get heard seems to agree. Early this year, Vice-President Al Gore announced...
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...Levittown: Visionary Urban Design or just Urban Sprawl? Gail A Bigelow April 23, 2006 University of Central Florida Levittown: Visionary Urban Design or just Urban Sprawl? Levittown isn’t a visionary product of high design, there weren’t any major architects to give it pizzazz yet it endures today, by sheer force of will, to be the working stiff’s utopia, his escape from the inner city, the place where he could get away from the noise and dust of the city, a place that was affordable, where he could be king of his own single-family detached castle, he could enhance his quality of life and be just far enough away, but not too far… After World War II the returning veterans demands for housing became more insatiable, it was a right, given what they had been through. Returning veterans were living in attics, basements and Quonset huts or sharing housing with others in the same boat. The young men and women were ready to get back to a normal life – get married and have families and that meant finding a place of their own. The houses were their reward. A single-family house in the suburbs, fully equipped with the best appliances, became a patriotic mission. Many were looking for something new and different than what they had grown up with, they wanted to get out of the inner cities. They knew they’d have to work in those cities, but they didn’t have to live there or raise a family there. During the...
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...gentlemen and fellow debaters. Tonight I, along with my fellow team mates, will convince you that Urban Sprawl should not be restricted. (We agree/disagree with the oppositions definition of this debate, state their definition) We have defined ‘urban sprawl’ to be the expansion of a metropolitan or suburban area into the surrounding environment, specifically in Australia. Thus, to restate the case, we believe that it is both unreasonable and unnecessary to prohibit urban sprawl in a thriving country like Australia. As first speaker, I will argue that restricting urban sprawl would mean restricting a city or town’s ability to expand infrastructure required for economic growth. I will then continue on...
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...House, office parks, and retail shops fill the land that separated by road. Large retail shops are separated by parking lots. List some environmental impacts of urban sprawl. Urban sprawl will cause increase of carbon dioxide. Because the people that live in suburban will drive more. The house of suburban tends to be larger than the cities. So they use more land than other. More land for housing require people to destroy habitat of animals. How did the automobile cause urban sprawl? When human do not have automobile, it was difficult to go in and out of cities. So people will live close to their work. But now, human can well-developed automobile and highway, it helps people to travel in and out of cities quickly. So people will be able to live outside of city, which cause urban sprawl What are some economic reasons to move outside of an urban center? People found that spending same amount of money can get bigger house outside of cities. The lacking of public services led to lower taxes in suburban area. Explain urban blight is often a destructive positive feedback...
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...and the way products are produced, dispersed, used and disposed of. Action is needed at all levels of society from individuals and industry through to central and local administration in order to reverse past and current trends and live within biological limits. Thus in this thesis, I will discuss two material resources of consumptions and productions that humans are constantly producing and consuming and how we can potentially decrease them. The first consumption called deforestation often leads to a production such as farming. The second consumption to be discussed is urban sprawl, which leads to the production of water pollution. However, let us first define deforestation and urban sprawl. “Deforestation commonly defined as the elimination of trees and other plants from forest areas more quickly than they can be replanted or rejuvenated naturally. Urban sprawl is the spreading of urban and suburban areas into undeveloped lands. “(Turk, 2011) Marcus Colchester states that, "Deforestation, in other words, is an expression of social injustice.” The consumption of deforestation happens for many reasons and is quite intricate. They also vary from region to region. Our text states, “Tropical forest...
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...-Chapter8 10/16/02 10:21 AM Page 176 Page 1 of 3 Urban Sprawl How can urban sprawl be controlled? Main Ideas • Many metropolitan areas in the United States and Canada have sprawled, or spread out, farther and farther. • Cities are focusing on smartgrowth solutions to urban sprawl. Places & Terms A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Richard Baron is a real estate developer who urban sprawl infrastructure smart growth sustainable community tried to address the related problems of urban sprawl and inadequate low-income housing. In 1996, he began building Murphy Park, an affordable and attractive housing complex in mid-town St. Louis, Missouri. The development has more than 400 units and contains both apartments and townhouses. It has plenty of green space, art and day-care centers, and an elementary school. More than half of Murphy Park’s units are reserved for people with low income. Baron’s solution—to bring the attractive features of suburban living to the city—is one of many that are being applied to the problem of urban sprawl. Growth Without a Plan Those Americans and Canadians who can afford it often choose to work in a city but live in its suburbs. They are usually attracted by new, upscale housing, better public services, and open space. As suburbs become more numerous, metropolitan areas become larger and more difficult to manage. (See chart to the right.) Growth of U.S. Metropolitan Areas URBAN SPRAWL Poorly planned development that spreads a city’s population...
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...create one large urban area. This is also known as urban sprawl. This process of suburbanization and urban sprawl often occurs due to urban push factors pulling people away from the CBD and inner city towards the suburbs. These push factors include cheaper land meaning both business and families can have bigger homes and premises. Abundance of cheaper land also means that homes are not as crowded as when compared to those within the inner city and CBD. Suburbs also have better schools, a safer feel and have larger open spaces. This means that many suburbs can be ideal for families. In addition suburbs often are very well connected to the rest of the city resulting in suburbs being ideal for commuting. All of the aforementioned factors can be witnessed within the megacity of LA with suburbs such as woodland hills having large houses situated on green leafy streets. In addition woodland hills also has the warner center which is a large shopping center situated within the suburb. This large shopping center means that for many of the residents there is often no need for them to travel into the center of the city. This has an effect on the city whereby a donut city begins to occur. Donut cities are where the center of a city such as Los Angeles began to decline leading to dereliction and concentrations of poor within the inner city. This means that segregation of rich and poor occurs. as well as donut cities suburban sprawl and suburbanization mean more cars have to use the road...
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...The term sprawl means to stretch out with a lack of consideration. When I picture a grown man sprawling on a couch, I picture him irreverent: shoes on, one foot on the coffee table and one propped on the couch arm, his hands folded on his chest. Picturing urban sprawl is much the same: an unkempt, uncontrolled and un-officiated way of developing land. Reid Ewing, in his article, “Is Los Angeles Style Sprawl Desirable”, defines sprawl as low density developments which are poorly accessible and lack functional open space. According to John Randolph an advocate for environmentally conscious land use, sprawl is “land-consumptive, dispersed, auto-dependent land development made up of homogeneous segregated uses: housing subdivisions, shopping centers, office/business arks, large civic institutions, and roadways heavily dependent on collector roads (37)” Sprawl is a term which, in the urban planning vernacular, is used to criticize suburban community’s lack of planning which results in auto-centric residents and inefficient and hazardous land usage. Characteristically, sprawl happens when a large population relocates from the city core to the suburbs. The perfect example of how sprawl is happening in America is Atlanta, Georgia. According to Robert D. Bullard’s analysis of Atlanta’s sprawl, between 1990 and 1997, the greater Atlanta area gained 475,600 people of which, only 2,647 (less than 1 percent) were added to the city. Atlanta’s area boundaries doubled in the 1990’s...
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...create one large urban area. This is also known as urban sprawl. This process of suburbanization and urban sprawl often occurs due to urban push factors pulling people away from the CBD and inner city towards the suburbs. These push factors include cheaper land meaning both business and families can have bigger homes and premises. Abundance of cheaper land also means that homes are not as crowded as when compared to those within the inner city and CBD. Suburbs also have better schools, a safer feel and have larger open spaces. This means that many suburbs can be ideal for families. In addition suburbs often are very well connected to the rest of the city resulting in suburbs being ideal for commuting. All of the aforementioned factors can be witnessed within the megacity of LA with suburbs such as woodland hills having large houses situated on green leafy streets. In addition woodland hills also has the warner center which is a large shopping center situated within the suburb. This large shopping center means that for many of the residents there is often no need for them to travel into the center of the city. This has an effect on the city whereby a donut city begins to occur. Donut cities are where the center of a city such as Los Angeles began to decline leading to dereliction and concentrations of poor within the inner city. This means that segregation of rich and poor occurs. as well as donut cities suburban sprawl and suburbanization mean more cars have to use the road...
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...URAN SPRAWL: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDIES Throughout this article, the main focus is urban sprawl and the non-endearing remedies to fix this growing concern. Three influential forces are the end results of urban sprawl: a growing population, rising incomes, and falling commuting costs. Although these sound positive to societies well being, market failures are distorting their positive social desirability. The allocation of agricultural land converted to urban usage has justified the criticism of urban sprawl by not accounting for the benefits of open space, social costs of road congestion, and developers failing to pay for the infrastructure costs generated. The remedies projected for these market failures in hope of alleviating the spatial size of the city are developmental taxes and congestion tolls (1). Critics raise a few questions about urban sprawl and the possible remedies policy makers could enact. But, are they are justifiable? The first one is, is urban sprawl truly a growing problem affecting American society? Throughout the article, Brueckner states both views on urban sprawl: The criticism against it and how to prevent it, and the benefits of urban sprawl to American society. Another question addressed is, is urban sprawl contributing to the decay of downtown areas? With the growth of urban development, the incentive to rebuild land and housing closer to the city center is reduced. This is because developers can purchase large amounts of farmland further away from...
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...The effects of unplanned urban development 1. Problem Identification As suburban communities continue to expand, typically in a random pattern generated by the availability of cheap land that can accommodate large numbers of housing , lack of planning does not only require the concurrent expansion of community and commercial services , also scatters plague of urban extensions and environmental degradation . A lack of proper planning and urban development community also makes it harder to bring together members of the community, because the infrastructure is decentralized. * Deforestation As communities continue to expand without a well- prepared for the integration of residential areas, agriculture and business, buying and selling property plan will most likely lead to deforestation of the surrounding environment. To cut trees to clear building lots, soil often erodes. If construction zones are located near sources of water, eroded soil dry these sources, causing pollution and eliminating aquatic life forms. Depending on the topography of the area, deforestation caused by urban sprawl can increase the likelihood of flash floods and landslides. * Management of water resources Human life and health of the planet depend on a clean and healthy channels. Urban development puts pressure on aquatic ecosystems, including water supplies, which may endanger the health of waterways. Resource management is another problem for communities that do not properly plan their...
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...identity. “[The song] insinuates an intimate connection between the spatial logic of suburban architecture and such "square" suburban values as social conformity, emotional sobriety, cultural homogeneity, and political complacency” (2011, 284). Indeed, the lyrics of this song reflect themes of middle-class conformity present throughout all three novels, illustrating exponentially increasing urban sprawl and massive suburban development, leading to the “systematic domestication, homogenization, and containment” of the wider Los Angeles area (Bennet 2011, 288). This postmodernist perspective is a direct challenge to idealist views of the American West as a wild, fruitful land of untapped possibility – views present throughout much of modernist fiction. As seen within The Crying Of Lot 49 ’s description of houses that number in “the 70 and then 80,000s” (Pynchon 1966, 25) and other works such as Jack Kerouac’s On The Road, describing the West as "cute suburban cottages of one damn kind and another" (1957, 19), dramatic suburbanisation creates a society that rejects both individual identity and genuine human emotional connection in favour of uniformity and status. This uniformity of both architecture and culture leads to the psychological detachment and alienation of those who refuse to ‘play the game’, as seen in apathetic protagonists Maria Wyeth and Clay. This direct connection between suburban architectural homogeny and the homogeny of social culture is seen acutely in Less Than...
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...CRP 1017 Introduction to Community and Regional Planning April 30, 2009 Growing environmental awareness and a renewed interest in city living, combined with the negative connotations of sprawl, has generated more interest in New Urbanism and its philosophies regarding growth and development. Transit-Oriented development, a specific New Urbanist transit village framework, prioritizes the 3-D’s—density, design and diversity. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is credited with ending government-sponsored inequality in the United States but “equality in transportation has been established in name only.” In urban areas in the United States, the best explanation for racial housing segregation is discrimination and prejudice against minorities.[1] Transit-Oriented Development aims to create lasting communities of mixed income, race and lifestyle and return populations to the city but must overcome discrimination and prejudice and sustain a variety of housing opportunities to avoid neighborhoods from relapsing into isolated poor enclaves scourging current cities. Lack of access to public and private transportation networks limits millions of people from growth civically, socially and economically. Today consumer housing demand is very different from post World War II America. Condo sales are booming, 37% of all households want dense “modest” homes and 71% of older households want to live within walking distance of transit.[2] Postwar migration to the suburbs was not wholly based...
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