...Critical Review on ‘Revisiting the Capital Structure puzzle: UK Evidence’ Assignment for PGBS0140 Accounting & Finance for Managers Plymouth Business School Module No.:PGBS0140 Module: Accounting & Finance for Managers Group Members and Student No.: Word count: 1492 Critical Review on ‘Revisiting the Capital Structure puzzle: UK Evidence’ Al-Najjar, B. and Hussainey, K. (2011). Revisiting the capital structure puzzle: UK evidence. The Journal of Risk Finance, 12 (4), 329- 338. This essay will summarise and critically review the report of Al-Najjar and Hussainey (2011) in which the effects of potential drivers of corporate capital structure are differing for three different definitions of capital structure. The article of Al-Najjar and Hussainey is a meaning but problematic piece of research. This essay aims to critically analyse the strengths and weaknesses of authors’ arguments and mainly focuses on the introduction, theoretical background, hypothesis, empirical tests, and result. Summary Al-Najjar and Hussainey found a capital structure puzzle which is involved with different definition of capital structure and determinants of corporate capital structure. They collected a sample data of 379 non-financial firms in the UK from 1991 to 2002, and investigated firms’ corporate characteristics (including firm growth rate, risk level, firm size, asset tangibility, and firm’s profitability) and corporate governance elements (including non-executive directors...
Words: 1797 - Pages: 8
...almost one and the same, just on different sides of the law most of the time. Uncharted, while it is its own concept, did follow in the footsteps of Tomb Raider regarding the type of game, but the stories are vastly different. Some of the more commonly known similarities between Tomb Raider and Uncharted are in terms of the design and development. Both games were originally designed for the Sony PlayStation as an exclusive PlayStation only game, but with the growing popularity and the opportunity for cross plat forming, both developers Eidos and Naughty Dog have expanded the fan-base by making these games available on the PC as well as the PlayStation. Other similarities are that these two games are in a classification of Action-Adventure/Puzzle Game both games have a wide range of hidden treasures that have to be found in order to progress through the game or to unlock bonus material within the game, such as a different outfit for the main character or a new weapon for use in the game. With all of the similarities that these games have there are just as many if not more differences. Tomb Raider was developed by Eidos, and the main character is a female named Laura Croft. Uncharted was developed by Naughty Dog, and the main character is a male...
Words: 1124 - Pages: 5
...constantly - - stress d. Warped puzzle piece II. What were you like as a teenager? a. Grew up too quickly b. Became a mother figure to my nieces c. Balanced school, work, and extra-curricular activities III. What were your educational experiences? a. Transferred from private college to community college b. Worked full-time while being a full-time student c. Stopped after 2-year degree due to financial situation d. Enlisted in the Air Force e. Pursuing Bachelor’s degree with the Post 9/11 GI Bill IV. Do you have your own family now? f. Husband g. Twins h. Church V. What would make you happy in the future? i. Balanced relationships j. Financial freedom k. Help my boys grow Pieces of Me Development is like a puzzle that takes an entire lifetime to piece together. It is a continuous process that can be ever changing based on knowledge, experiences, choices, and even some uncontrollable influences, like nature or the environment we live in. My puzzle pieces take on an eclectic shape, combing different perspectives or theories that potentially explain my developmental track (Witt & Mossler, 2010). When fused together and applied to my childhood, adolescent years, and the present day, I noticed that certain components from various theories have helped construct and define the pieces of me. Although my childhood years created a rather warped puzzle piece, I learned a great deal...
Words: 1495 - Pages: 6
...Mr. Robert Williams 252 Chapman Rd, Suite 250 Newark, DE 19702 Dear Mr. Williams: Too many commission checks and bonus’s get cashed, spent and forgotten about. The necessities of the average worker seems to eat up the extra cash, and prevents one from getting something special for themselves. Many employers feel that this is the way to go, in reference to monetary rewards for employees to work harder or even to work more efficiently. Many employers are now seeing that believing in the “monetary rewards” are costing them valuable time, revenue, and even employees. It is true that money and a solid compensation plan draws an individual to become of a corporation; however, monetary rewards is not always the answer, or in many cases not the best answer when it comes to retaining an employee. I hope to give you some ideas on what will help motivate employees without raising their pay. Some of the retaining notions I feel will work are recognition, appointed leadership roles, and increasing company and office moral. The first idea for motivating employees is recognition. This is very important because when your employee accomplishes something that means they have achieved something. The recognition is appreciation of that achievement. Many members of management don’t give enough or sometimes don’t give any recognition. In addition, applause from time to time would be nice for specific achievements. The applause could take place at a meeting, luncheon, or even in the...
Words: 870 - Pages: 4
...rounds to accelerate growth. Reality can be messier. Some companies raise money twice in phase 2. Others skip phase 1 and go straight to phase 2. And at Y Combinator we get an increasing number of companies that have already raised amounts in the hundreds of thousands. But the three phase path is at least the one about which individual startups' paths oscillate. This essay focuses on phase 2 fundraising. That's the type the startups we fund are doing on Demo Day, and this essay is the advice we give them. Forces Fundraising is hard in both senses: hard like lifting a heavy weight, and hard like solving a puzzle. It's hard like lifting a weight because it's intrinsically hard to convince people to part with large sums of money. That problem is irreducible; it should be hard. But much of the other kind of difficulty can be eliminated. Fundraising only seems a puzzle because it's an alien world to most founders, and I hope to fix that by supplying a map through it. To founders, the behavior of investors is often opaque—partly because their motivations are obscure, but partly because they deliberately mislead you. And the misleading ways of investors combine horribly with the wishful thinking of inexperienced founders. At YC we're always warning founders about this danger, and investors are probably more circumspect with YC startups than with other companies they talk to, and even so we witness a constant series of explosions as these two volatile components combine. [1] ...
Words: 603 - Pages: 3
...where was God? What is true evil? How could God let something of this nature happen to hundreds of innocent people? This tragedy on September 11, 2001 shook this country’s faith in God. The faith that we thought we had was shaken, why were so many innocent people killed and so many spared? It brings about the question of good and evil, if there is a God and he is good why does He bring such suffering to people. If we pray, go to church and do all the “right” things why? In the book Making Sense of Your World (Phillips, 2008) it states Believers should expect suffering if they follow Christ (Mark 8:34; John 15:20) and thus can in a sense rejoice in those sufferings, which are for Christs sake. God allowed sin to occur and He was the ultimate victim. Evil is a force as one put it in the video, it invites you to join it. This generation has lost touch with the manifestions of evil, TV shows, movies even violence in their own home. So evil is a part of everyday life for some. It is normal in a sense. Everyone’s view of evil may be a little different to each, something I think is evil may be normal to someone else. Some things that we call evil are simply things that may displease us because they hinder the fullfillment of our inflated desires (Phillips, 2008) Stehpen Davis concurs: “The problem of evil, in my opinion and in the opinion of others is the most serious intellectual difficulty that Christians and other thesist face.” We as humans I don’t think will ever understand...
Words: 640 - Pages: 3
...answers below the questions. Save the study guide to your computer and submit when complete. There is no need to submit the study guide to Turnitin. After submitting the study guide to the instructor, save it for use when taking the Topic 1 Quiz. The quiz will be graded for accuracy, so take time to seek the correct answers for this study guide before you attempt the quiz. Once you start the quiz, do not exit the quiz until the entire quiz is completed. Exiting out of the quiz before it is complete may result in a zero grade. Please type your answers below each question, except for the two matching questions. 1. List three analogies for worldview used in Chapter 1 of the textbook. Foundation of a Building, Lenses, Box top of a jigsaw puzzle. 2. List the various definitions and descriptions of worldview found in the textbook and lecture. Worldview is the parts of an overreaching vision of the world and for the world. Worldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the entirety of the individual or society’s knowledge and point of view. a worldview is a foundational set of assumptions to which one commits that serves as a framework for understanding and interpreting reality and deeply shapes one’s behavior. 3. Match the following worldview terms - Atheism, Pantheism, Theism, and Deism - with the correct description below. a. Belief in a personal and relational God who created and sustains all that exists: Theism ...
Words: 593 - Pages: 3
...Bach's works. His pieces require a very good finger independence technique, clear tone, legato (without pedal), cerebral difficulty (fugues). Have you ever listened to his six keyboard partitas? Goldberg variations? If Baroque music had consisted only of harmonies like those of Handel and Vivaldi, great as they are, the next generation might have started looking for different ways to sound new and fresh. We can't know, of course. There are a plethora of words that can describe Bach’s musical genius Bach's influence in music would be the equivalent an actor winning the holy trifecta of an Emmy for television, a Tony for stage productions, and an Academy Award for movies. As it is Einstein only tackled a piece of the whole puzzle; Bach was the ultimate initiator of all that we recognize today. Bach was influential during the baroque era. Bach's music was the foundation upon which modern music is derived from. His hard work and dedication in supporting himself at an early age is an example to today's...
Words: 318 - Pages: 2
...Issue 4.,2015 (Oct.-Dec.) A ROLE OF ENGLISH TEACHER IN STRENGTHENING THE VOCABULARY OF THE STUDENTS Dr.S.PADMA PRIYA Assistant Professor, Department of English, Adaikalamatha College, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu. Dr.S.PADMA PRIYA ABSTRACT This research article examines the various methods in teaching vocabulary. Vocabulary learning is an essential part in language learning process. Memorizing is a traditional and boring method for students. An English teacher should use creative techniques to imbibe new words with interactive activities. Good communication skills and basic writing skills are needed to shine better in career. Students from rural side, find very difficult to make their own sentences in English. It is an ultimate job of an English teacher to create an unstoppable enthusiasm to learn new words. A well-versed vocabulary will enable a student to perform well in class discussions, to read general books faster and to shine in various fields. An English teacher should insist a student to develop a habit of reading for pleasure. Reading beyond text books make a student versatile in all fields. Our words show our attitude. Others judge us not only with our appearance and education but also with the quality of our words. It is the teacher’s responsibility to employ effective techniques to enhance vocabulary learning. Class rooms play a vital role in molding a student’s vocabulary. A teacher’s motivation and student-friendly teaching will enable...
Words: 1901 - Pages: 8
...The short story “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, shows the slow progression of insanity the narrator/Jane experiences through the fixation of the yellow wallpaper. In the beginning the narrator seems to be stable, she expresses her shock and pleasure of vacationing at the Estate. We go on to learn the true reason and intent her husband John meant for the stay. John felt it to be necessary for a break, to her cure her nervous condition. By hindering her creativity and imagination, with the stifling role of mother and wife, lead her to become more and more unreliable. We question on several occasions whether if it is truly her illness causing the paranoia, or if it is John’s treatment causing her loss of sanity. As soon as...
Words: 384 - Pages: 2
...Important to Me I sometimes feel as though I am resting on the side of a mountain, breathing the crisp air, finally able to experience peace and blissful contentment. Reaching this point was necessarily difficult; full of setbacks, disappointments, reevaluations, fickleness, and uncertainty. I’ve never been one to excel at a trade, and my confidence is not at the level necessary to begin an alternative venture. So…college is a no-brainer, especially given the fact that I’ve wanted to help others in the area of mental health since I was a freshman in high school. Having lived through the darkest of days has further fueled my passion. A college education is important to me because it lays the groundwork in my mission. Completion is the ultimate victory…and who wouldn’t want that? I experienced symptoms depression and social anxiety for as long as I could remember. I was never really social or outgoing, preferring to spend my afternoons in my room writing stories or sketching random creations. As I grew, I soon realized I wasn’t just “shy” or “quiet” ...my reaction to interaction was pretty irrational. “Socially anxious children tend to become isolated as they are unable to develop a normal network of friends. Often a socially anxious child will have one or two close friends and rely on them for all social interactions. But families relocate, kids change schools, and interests diverge, and it may become necessary to establish new friendships. This is very difficult for socially...
Words: 722 - Pages: 3
...Craig Kalucki Comparitive Religion Tues 4-6:50 String theory and Universal Theories If we can take a looks garment from a sweater, and pull one string such as in a cartoon, the sweater will untangle leaving a pile of string on the floor. Basically what this implies is we break down something in its simplest form, and all we have left are tiny bits of string, which is basically similar to “String Theory”. string theory uses a model of one-dimensional strings in place of the particles of quantum physics. These strings, the size of the Planck length vibrate at specific resonant frequencies. The formulas that result from string theory predict more than four dimensions but the extra dimensions are "curled up" within the Planck length. In addition to the strings, string theory contains another type of fundamental object called a brane, which can have many more dimensions. In some "braneworld scenarios," our universe is actually "stuck" inside of a 3-dimensional brane, called a 3-brane. Common Sense tells us we live in a world defined by three spatial dimensions and one dimension of time. Mainly, it only takes three numbers to pinpoint your physical location at any given moment. On Earth, these coordinates break down to longitude, latitude and altitude representing the dimensions of length, width and height (or depth). If we put a time stamp on those coordinates, we are pinpointed in time as well. To strip that down even more, a one-dimensional world would be like...
Words: 1051 - Pages: 5
...Form……………………………………………………….9 My mission is to help the students to advance so that he/she can accomplish their goal of learning and growing. My goal is to determine what a child has learned, what the individual already know and how much more the child is prepared to learn by assessing the child. The purpose of assessment is used for an assortment of reasons “it helps the teacher to keeping track of learning, diagnosing reading and writing difficulties, determining eligibility for programs, evaluating programs, evaluating teaching, and reporting to others. Underlying all these purposes is a basic concern for improving teaching and learning. In the United States it is common to use testing for accountability, but the ultimate goal remains the improvement of teaching and learning. (IRA, n.d.) I know that it is the teacher’s responsibility to test her students so that she understands where each individual stand so I am able to determine placement for the child. My plan for including assessments when I am working with children is so that I am able to assess the whole child instead of bits and pieces of difficult areas that the child might have. If you look at the child as a whole then you are able to understand every need of the individual him/herself. One way that I can use assessment to document children’s work is through using the portfolio; “The portfolio is a record of the child's process of learning: what the child has learned and how she has...
Words: 2355 - Pages: 10
...comparing the two types to help you make an informed decision. Do you want to invest in a sedan or a SUV? There are a few reasons why sedans are economically good. Most sedans are smaller; therefore, they would be cheaper to purchase. Of course, it depends on the options you would like on your sedan and the make of the sedan. Lexus, BMW, Mercedes, and Infiniti are a few luxury sedan makers that would cost more money to buy. Sedans are smaller than SUV; therefore, sedans would be better when it comes to gas mileage. Sedans would take less gas to fill up as well. The only problem with being smaller is when you would like to take a trip. You would have to make sure you do not pack a lot of items. You would need to be good at putting together puzzles to make sure you are able to fit everything and everyone in the vehicle. I am the one who always packs my SUV. With a family of four, you can imagine how many suitcases we will need!...
Words: 482 - Pages: 2
...should find the love of his life, who is obviously Caddy (Candace). Every single smell, place or sound can evoke his feelings toward Caddy, meaning that for example noticing a swing in the present can bring him back to the past and even thinking about the past can bring him to deeper levels of his past; or when Dilsey called Miss Quentin for the meal, he immediately remember the time with Quentin (his brother) who is in this specific part, the stimuli for his reminiscent. Although most of his memories are about Candace, he has other flashbacks to other characters in the novel too. These time lapses or flashbacks are the central orientation of this section. Since Benjamin’s mind is extremely disoriented, we have to find the right pieces of puzzles in order to make the final interpretation of what he says. There are nearly 16 different time periods in this section, adding the perplexed consciousness of the idiot, it will be a...
Words: 1118 - Pages: 5
