...Critically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human...
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...Give an example of a content theory. Critically evaluate your chosen theory in terms of its usefulness and practical application in work organisations. Content theories centralise on what can motivate people and also, are concerned of their needs. In order to satisfy those needs there are goals that must be pursued. An example of a content theory is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs and some examples for each one of them are as following: Physiological needs are concerned with the people’s basic needs of air, food, water, clothing and home. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic customs of life. Safety needs are concerned with the physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance, job security, health security, financial security and family security. Social needs are concerned with the need for care, love, belongingness, and friendship. Esteem needs are concerned with internal esteem needs for example, competence, confidence, self- respect achievement and freedom, and external esteem needs such as power, recognition, attention, appreciation and status. At last is the self-actualization, which is concerned with peoples creativity, morality and solving their problems. Self-actualisation comes after the first four needs are full-filled and after the employer receives recognition on his potential. The self- actualization needs are never truly fulfilled. Conversely, then comes the desire for gaining more knowledge...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Assumes that some needs are more important than others and must be satisfied before the other needs can serve as motivators Identifies five levels of individual needs • Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.) • Safety/Security/Shelter/Health • Belongingness/Love/Friendship • Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement • Self actualization Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "d-needs": esteem , friendship and love, security, and physical needs. With the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) needs, if these "deficiency needs" are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term Metamotivation to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. Metamotivated people are driven by B-needs (Being Needs), instead of deficiency needs (D-Needs). Physiological needs For the most part, physiological needs are obvious — they are the literal requirements...
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...Course: Organizations & Behavior Name：WANQIU LIN Tutor: Word accounts: Date: Content Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3 Examine different approaches to management and leadership…………………….. Evaluate ways of using motivational theories in organization……………………….. Explain mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations…………. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………… References………………………………………………………………………………. Introduction Organizational behavior is a field study of human behavior in organization, is a multi-discipline study. It investigates the behavior of individual, group and organization itself. In this report I will use Apple and Google to talking about : 1. Different approaches of management and leadership in Apple Inc. and Google Inc. 2. Discuss the motivation theories and evaluate the using of motivational theories in organizations. 3. Explaining mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organization. 1.Examine different approaches to management and leadership Management and Leadership Shackleton (1995, p. 2) suggests that 'leadership is the process in which an individual influence other group members towards the attainment of group or organizational goals'. Leadership is a process that including a group and attaining a goal. Google Inc.’s Management approach Google has a lots of Management approaches, the main approach is Scientific approach and Human behavior approach. In scientific...
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...When it comes to leadership as Drucker said the leader is an ideal person who must set goal for the members of his team and himself to define what they are working on and what they are working for. We will further discuss through multiple theories including the importance of goals in motivation and leadership and relating the research to bring the outcome. Motivational Theories 1) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow wanted to understand as to what is it that motivates people and his belief included the fact that people possess a set of motivation system which is not something which is related to rewards and desires. Maslow(1943) specifically stated that everyone is motivated to achieve certain needs and when the first one is fulfilled the human mind seeks to fulfill the second need and the circle keeps going on like this. The earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needsincludes five motivational needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels. This five stage model can be further divided into basic needs and the growth needs. The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes: 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements,...
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...behavior of ASDA’s employees at work. Task 2 2.1 Distinguish the effectiveness of the leadership styles used by the CEO in ASDA to that used British airways CEO. 2.2 Evaluate organizational theory practiced at ASDA and describes how organizational theory underpins the practice of management. 2.3 Identify the different approaches to management used by ASDA to that used by British Airlines. Task 3 3.1 How many changes could ASDA have engaged in? Explain the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation of ASDA’s staff in periods of changes. 3.2 distinguish the application of different motivational theories with special reference to ASDA’s employees as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Vroom expectancy theories and McGregor’s theory X and Y. which theory is most applicable and why? 3.3 identify the usefulness of a motivational theory for managers. How could a theory like Hertzberg’s motivational theory be useful and relevant to the managers of ASDA? Task 4 4.1 describe the nature of the various groups that may exist among ASDA’s staff and how they may influence the behavior of ASDA PLC. 4.2 explain the factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork among the employees of ASDA PLC. 4.3 identify the impact of technology on team functioning within ASDA PLC....
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...Introduction The main focus of this research is to investigate organizational structure and culture, examine different approaches to management and leadership and theories of organization, examine the relationship between motivational theories and demonstrate an understanding of working with others, teamwork, groups and group dynamics of two different organization. Executive Summary It is essential to comprehend the way in which the enterprises operate regarding organisation’s design and lifestyle and the way these types of features affect the actual efficiency from the organisation in the business industry. This particular research will target those activities connected with Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Apple regarding their design and lifestyle and also the variables affecting individual behaviour at work. It will likewise decrease the character connected with organizations and social behaviour from the enterprises and will measured the elements that may support or restrain the improvement of successful cooperation in the organizations. Similarly, It will also assess the power of technology on team implementation within the associations to achieve its goal-seeking accomplishments that can encourage people to deliver their best strengths within the organization. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture Organizational structure is the form of an organization that is evident in the way divisions, departments, functions, and people join...
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...behave, work and treat others, each person’s values can be very different, one of my values is that every person should be treated fairly, this value stems from my upbringing where as a child in a family of five children, my parents ensured that we were all treated fairly. This follows into my working life where I try to ensure that I treat all of my staff fairly and give each person the opportunity to progress in their career. A value is a principle or standard of behaviour and is a person’s judgement of what is important in life, the importance, worth or usefulness of something. A company may have a set of values that may be different to your own, in time you may accept these values as your own. Our values may be added to over time for instance as you start your working life you may value earning money and progressing in your career, as you have a family you may value family time over career progression. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model shows the value of money in turn providing food, warmth and shelter which are out basic needs in life, once we have met our basic needs then we are able to reach our full potential. This model is explored further in section AC 2.1 A persons attitude is influenced by their values and beliefs, in my previous employment I believed that as a female staff member I was...
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...behave, work and treat others, each person’s values can be very different, one of my values is that every person should be treated fairly, this value stems from my upbringing where as a child in a family of five children, my parents ensured that we were all treated fairly. This follows into my working life where I try to ensure that I treat all of my staff fairly and give each person the opportunity to progress in their career. A value is a principle or standard of behaviour and is a person’s judgement of what is important in life, the importance, worth or usefulness of something. A company may have a set of values that may be different to your own, in time you may accept these values as your own. Our values may be added to over time for instance as you start your working life you may value earning money and progressing in your career, as you have a family you may value family time over career progression. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model shows the value of money in turn providing food, warmth and shelter which are out basic needs in life, once we have met our basic needs then we are able to reach our full potential. This model is explored further in section AC 2.1 A persons attitude is influenced by their values and beliefs, in my previous employment I believed that as a female staff member I was...
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...another, intensity is the vigor with which we pursue that goal. Human Motivation Motivation can be defined as "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behaviour, a person's level of effort, and a person's level of persistence." Other authors define motivation as "processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of efforts towards attaining a goal". For consumer analysis and designing marketing strategies, three basic motivation theories are of interest to marketers: • MASLOW’s THEORY • HERZBERG’s THEORY • FREUD’s THEORY In 1943, Abraham Maslow, an American Psychologist and Professor stated that:• Human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from most to least important. • People will try to satisfy their most important needs first. • Till a lower need is satisfied a person will not strive to satisfy a higher need. 1 • Once satisfaction of lower needs occurs a person does not actively strive for them. Usefulness for marketers: Perceive and help people to meet the needs on which they may be currently focused. Their attention is there and they will thank you for assistance in meeting their present needs. Encourage them to reach up to their higher needs. Marketing uses...
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...Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1 The Origins of Psychology A. What is Psychology? * Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior; the study of the organism in all of its variety and complexity as it response to the flux and flow of the physical and social events that make up the environment. * Psychology is more than common sense * Why is psychology scientific? * Because it is based on empiricism * The notion that all knowledge can be acquired through observation, not on reasoning, tradition or common sense * Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior * Mind * The contents of subjective experience * Sensations, thoughts, and emotions * Behavior * Observable actions * Thought and feelings * Activities of cells B. Roots of Modern Psychology * In the late 1800's both physiologists and philosophers were investigating the mind * Philosophy - "why" * Physiology - "how" * Philosophy - ideas of about the acquisition of knowledge * Physiology - progress in understanding the nervous system, senses, etc. * Both came together to create the idea of applying the methods of science to the study of human behavior C. The First Schools: Psychology Emerges as a Science * Wilhelm Wundt * Established psychology as an independent science * First psychology lab, in Germany (1879) * Defined psychology...
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...impact on the performance of the business: 4 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work: 4 2. Understand different approaches to management and leadership: 5 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations: 5 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management: 5 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations: 6 3. Understand ways of using motivational theories in organizations 7 3.1 Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organizations in period of change: 7 3.2 Compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace: 8 3.3 Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers: 9 4. Understand mechanism for developing effective teamwork in organizations 10 4.1 Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within organizations: 10 4.2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organizations: 10 4.3 evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organization: 11 References: 12 Introduction: Organization is the combination of people for allocating and using specific resources to produce goods and services. Organization can be different types. Producing goods and service may not always the main factor. To identify and understand organization, one must go through the organizational behavior. It is a...
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...styles………………………………………......3 2.5 Approaches to management among Siemens AG and Nissan………………………..4 2.6 Factors influence individual behaviour at work………………………………………5 2.7 Different motivational theories………………………………………………………5 2.8 Nature of groups and group behaviour of Siemens…………………………………..6 2.9 Factors to the development of effective teamwork at Siemens………………………6 III. Conclusion…...……………………….………………………………………..………8 3.1 Structure and culture affect the performance of Siemens…………………………..8 3.2 Explanation of the leadership of Siemens AG……………………………………….8 3.3 Organisational theory influences the practice of management……………………8 3.4 Different leadership styles motivate organisations in periods of change……………9 3.5 The usefulness of motivational theories for managers………………….…………10 3.6 Impact of technology on team functioning within Siemens……………………10 Reference………………………………………………..………………….……….……….12 I. Introduction All my research is about two huge companies: Nissan Motor Company and Siemens AG. One topic has already been set by the requirements, and I choose Nissan as a model to accomplish this report. It is mainly because I had a motive programme diploma and I am in favour of comparing marketing strategies through different car brands. What is more, there is a Nissan manufacture factory in Sunderland, by which I could observe the cooperation closely and even there is a chance to interview the department manager....
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...consistent or universal themes across all Japanese organizations, and what tends to happen when the distinctive qualities in Japanese business come into contact with Western business practices. As a result, there are several interesting lessons provided within this article that managers from all corners of the world can learn from. Japanese work organizations are structured In terms of exhibit rigid hierarchical organizational structure. Nonetheless, while organizations in Japan are less functionally specialized, the Japanese stress the collective unit rather than individual responsibility, as reported by Yoshino in 1975 when he discusses the ringi method that deals with sharing ideas before put into implementation. So despite rigid hierarchies, there still seems to be greater cohesion within from top to bottom in Japanese companies than American ones, where often time’s blue collar labor is at odds with white collar management. Another factor about Japanese is employee’s knowledge of the job security that motivates to perform duties at a high level...
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...Table of contents: Task 3 and task 4 3.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………P 1 3.1 Impact of Different leadership styles on motivation………………………….P 2 3.2 Application of motivational theory within the workplace…………………….P 3.3 Usefulness of motivation theory for Managers using real organisation………P 4.1 Nature of groups and group behaviour……………………………………….P 4.2 Factors which promote or reduce the development of effective teamwork….P 4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning…………………………………..P 4.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………P 4.5 References……………………………………………………………………P Task 3 3.0: Introduction Leadership has a direct cause and effect relationship upon organisation and their success. Leaders determine values, culture, change tolerance and employees motivation. Effective leaders create management systems that enable their employees to produce quality products and services. In today’s changing global marketplace, leaders must be able to assess situation accurately and respond quickly. To choose the right leadership style in specific situation, can help a leader to manage the changes in the organisation and influence those around them. An organisation can use from four leadership style to managed those changes. 3.1: Impact of Different leadership styles on motivation. In a business word, there are different ways to lead a company, but also every leader...
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