...Theory Critique Sandra D. Wilson, Ph.D.: Hurt people hurt people By Carla LeDane Student ID: L22459513 Presented to Dr. Johnny Baker In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Theology and Spiritualty in Counseling PACO - 507 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA February 8, 2013 Wilson Theory Critique Summation: Dr. Wilson writes that hurting people is a cycle that needs to be broken. She states, “all of us have been hurt by people who were all hurt by other people. In turn, we-- as hurt people-- all have hurt other people to one degree or another. And on and on it goes.” (Wilson, 2001) She says that hurts can be from our actions, words and attitudes that can be intentional or unintentional. The wounds and injuries can and usually manifest in physical, sexual, emotional, intellectual, verbal or spiritual neglect or more times than not, abuse. Dr. Wilson believes that everyone is a hurt person in some way who will hurt another person, knowingly or unknowingly. This cycle is usually generational. You hurt me, I hurt the next person, and on it goes. It is one thing to see the abuses that are physical. We can see the bruises, breaks and scars, but emotional hidden unseen wounds can be hidden for years. Dr. Wilson explains that if you have been hurt deeply, emotionally in the past you often take out that hidden pain on someone else. This is where the cycle must end. By recognizing the nature of our wounds and to what extent...
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...Endara, who wrote a critique article on Ruse and Wilson Theory of ethics, states that there are two flaws to the evolutionary ethics of Ruse and Wilson. These flaws are the shadows of suspicion and the common moral intuitions. Both are problematic because of “altruism,” or in other words, selflessness. There are two types of altruism. First, the altruistic theory of “kin selection” — doing self-sacrificing acts towards their family members. The second, reciprocal altruism, is the moral sense that prompts human beings to engage in self-sacrificing acts towards non-relatives. Ruse and Wilson might argue that humans evolved with an attitude against murder for convenience. It is not difficult to see how this might be true. A person who kills others...
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...polemical debate in understanding why crime occurred in society had invited a cornucopia of theoretical ideas based on ideology, pragmatism, and concomitant paradigmatic shifts. This debate, sometimes vitriolic and vexatious in equal measure, had resonated across the centuries mostly via philosophical thought. In the last two hundred years, however, the debate had become increasingly interwoven and complicated by newly-developed and derivative theories (sometimes polar or diametrically opposed) through the complex entanglement of modern societal development and socio-political thought. Insodoing, unpacking and defining the etiology of crime has proved to be a noteworthy adversary. This essay would seek to examine this unfolding drama of etiological proportions by addressing one of these key modern-day ideological polarities: right realism and left realism. It would critically discuss the relational polarity between these two theories by first examining and then comparing their respective etiologies. Second, it would examine and critique the interplay between ideology and British crime policy. Left Realism (LR): Etiology. “Left realism was explicitly, although not exclusively, concerned with the origins, nature, and impact of crime in the working class” (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2007: p.191). It was a radical criminology and a very British development (Newburn, 2007). It was ‘Left’ as crime was envisaged as endemic owing to the class and patriarchical construction of advanced...
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...Assess the contribution of Realism to our understanding of Crime and Deviance (21 Marks) Realism is a perspective that branches off into two sub-categories, Left Realism and Right Realism. Left Realism was originally developed as a critique of New Criminology and, like Marxists, they support the Conflict Theory (The idea that society is unequal). However, unlike Marxists, they believe in gradual social change rather than overthrow of capitalism to achieve equality. Right realism though, like Functionalists, supports the consensus approach, and suggests that acts of crime are natural but there are formal and informal sanctions in place to contain and control these actions. They view this positively as they work successfully on most people, most of the time. Both Left Realism and Right Realism are macro sociological approaches. Right Realism suggests that we all have shared values and that crime is a failure to integrate into these values. This is backed up by Murray, who suggests that instability in the family is a cause of crime as children receive inadequate socialisation due to possibly a lack of a male role model for boys or simply a lack of knowledge between what is acceptable behaviour and what isn't. This leads to welfare dependency and then an underclass of work-shy individuals with a lack of commitment to society. Right Realists suggests that a zero-tolerance policy of crime and harsher prison sentences are an effective method of crime prevention as they would act...
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...the following. Family, Marriage, Monogamy, Polygamy (Polygyny & Polyandry) Endogamous/ anti-miscegenation laws, ruled unconstitutional in the US in 1967, 15% of new marriages are interracial. Nuclear and Extended Families Theoretical Explanations of Family: 1. T. Parson’s Theory: Complementary, Different Roles of Family and personality stabilization; 2. Feminist Perspective: Conflict Orientation sees family as an institution of injustice. Feminists challenged ‘sexual division of labor in modern societies’. Jessie Bernard’s The Future of Marriage (1982) identifies his and her marriage, gendered institution. Explain these. 3. Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique highlights women’s marginalization. Marriage & Divorce Rates- Reasons for stable marriage rates and high divorce rates Gay Marriage – what are civil unions and domestic partnerships? Immigration and Family Patterns- one third of US population is from immigration which will affect family patterns in the US. Transnationalism is ___. Social Class and Child-Rearing- Studies & findings by Melvin Kohn and Annette Lareau. Economy, Culture, and Family Formation- what is Moynihan Report? Findings of Julius Wilson? Arlie Hochschild findings on “family-friendly” policies. Chapter 14: Economy, Agricultural revolution & Industrial Revolution (mass production) Marxist definition of reserve army of labor; scientific management Information Revolution – automation; emotional labor. Capitalism-...
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...EMORY UNIVERSITY NELL HODGSON WOODRUFF SCHOOL OF NURSING TITLE: NRSG 507: Theory and Research Applications CREDIT ALLOCATION: 3 Semester hours PLACEMENT: Tuesdays 1:00 – 3:50 PM Rm. 201 FACULTY: Catherine Vena, PhD, RN | Eun Seok (Julie) Cha, PhD, RN | Clinical Associate Professor | Assistant Professor | Room 224 | Room 234 | cvena@emory.edu | echa5@emory.edu | 404-727-8430 | 404-712-9578 | Office Hours: By appointment | Office Hours: By appointment | COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is an introduction to the theoretical and research foundations of advanced nursing practice. Key content to be covered includes the philosophical basis of science and knowledge, the structure and development of theory, qualitative and quantitative research methods, theory and research critique, and the application of theory and research in advanced nursing practice. It delineates research competencies for advanced practice nurses. The course encompasses critique of studies, application of research findings to practice (research utilization) and evaluation of outcomes attributable to advanced practice nursing. Ethical considerations related to research are integrated throughout the course. COURSE OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES: 1. Understand the relationship between theory, research, and practice. 2. Critique and evaluate theoretical perspectives and research methods used to address clinical problems. 3. Understand...
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...consumers. Although digital marketing is an important part of business strategy, the dynamic nature of technology and consumer culture raises many strategic and social challenges. This course examines the theories and concepts underlying the use of information and communication technology by firms and consumers, and challenges students to critique and utilize digital tools and social media, including Twitter, Facebook, online reviews, blogs, paid search, digital advertising, and online promotions. The identification of critical success factors and best practices are central to the course, as are quantitative methods for analyzing marketing effectiveness. The course examines the theory and realities of digital marketing in both business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) markets. Course Prerequisite: Marketing Management (MKT 2101) Required Readings: Ivey business cases include: Jill’s Table; Mission Impossible; and Tesco’s Virtual Store. Other readings available free through Blackboard. Students are expected to budget $40 - $60 for cases, Google AdWords, color printing, and other course-related materials. Learning Objectives * Understand theories and concepts underlying the use of information and communication technologies * Apply theories and concepts to the practice of digital marketing * Utilize analytical tools to evaluate digital marketing initiatives * Identify and critically evaluate current marketing challenges and practices...
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...by Locke (1976), who defined it as “. . . a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences” (p. 1304). Implicit in Locke’s definition is the importance of both feeling and thinking. According to Saari and Judge (2004): “when we think, we have feelings about what we think. Conversely, when we have feelings, we think about what we feel. Cognition and affect are thus inextricably linked, in our psychology and even in our biology. Thus, when evaluating our jobs, as when we assess most anything important to us, both thinking and feeling are involved”. Work motivation refers to the driving force by which employees achieve their goals. Different motivation theories focus on different aspects of the motivation construct. Some theories distinguish between different levels of motivation while others differentiate between different types of motivation, like in the case of extrinsic versus intrinsic motivation or autonomous versus controlled motivation. Organizational behavior focuses on 3 levels of analysis: the individual, the group, and...
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...Introduction to crime : The information about the crime reaches to the public may be through the newspapers , television programs, films, and novels . Some of us have accumulated experience with crime by having ourselves been victims or knowing others who have been victims, some by being offenders (or at least defendants), or knowing such individuals, and others by being occupationally concerned with prevention of crime or supervision of people found guilty of violating the law . There's many difficulties to offer a wholly satisfactory definition of the crime, a word frequently used and a phenomenon often encountered . For the purposes of scholarly study specifically, the amassing of reliable statistics, development of explanations and theories, and preparation of sound public policy a definition more exact than the mental images held by the public is essential . Crime is a by-product of civilization. Most civilized members of society obey authority and conform to the norms prevailing in their culture. Their obedience and compliance may vary in degree, but law-abiding citizens remain within the limits of tolerance. Crime then is a sociopolitical event subject to the definitions of the society in which it occurs. The social response to crime in terms of treatment of offenders is dependent upon the advance of the civilization and the affluence of the society. Public policy is always a blend of economics and humanitarian values. Social scientists seek to know the conditions...
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...sleep deprivation. However, it is concluded that in order to obtain the greatest comprehension of the phenomena, the implementation of all motivational perspectives is required. Sleep is one of the most fundamental components of a healthy existence. The phenomenon of sleep deprivation, resulting either from lifestyle choices or the undertreatment of sleep related illnesses, could be a factor for a multitude of health disorders prevalent in today’s society (Nature, 2005). It is suggested that people of industrialized countries obtain about 20% less sleep today than they did a century ago. Sleep deprivation has been linked to Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and has also been found to significantly increase the chance of a motor-vehicle accident (Wilson, 2005). In order to address the problem of sleep deprivation, it is imperative that the motivation behind sleep and sleep deprivation is understood. This essay will look at sleep and sleep deprivation through five different perspectives of motivation: evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive, and hierarchy of needs. This essay will then argue that by viewing sleep and sleep deprivation from a multitude of perspectives, a holistic understanding of the phenomena might be achieve Evaluating five accounts for sleep and sleep deprivation Sleep deprivation has the potential to result in a range of problematic behaviour,...
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...Reducing Crime Despite the enormous volume of criminological writing and debate which has taken place throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century, the resulting theories which have emerged have tended to each focus too heavily on one particular aspect of crime and its control and as such, have proved to be incomplete approaches to our understanding of crime and its reduction; the focus of these being on the victim or on the offender, on the social reaction to crime or on the criminal behaviour itself [Young, 1995, p 102], but never sufficiently all inclusive. As a result, the criminal justice system, in reliance on this partial criminology, has introduced penal measures which have proved completely ineffective in reducing crime. I shall demonstrate my argument with a discussion of post World War II criminology and penology, and provide practical examples of how partial criminology has lead to a failure in crime reduction [by 'partial criminology', I refer to criminological theories which have focussed and relied too heavily on one particular aspect of crime and have as a result, failed to help its reduction]. I shall then conclude this essay by discussing some of the more recent criminological approaches which have emerged in the latter decades of the twentieth century, and discuss how these writings and debate might have paved the way for a brighter future in terms of effective crime control. From the latter part of the 1950's to the early 70's, the study of deviance...
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...company produces barbecue sets is located in a small town and many workers have been with the company for many years. During transition, many employees gave up their weekends to help in changing over the plant and learning the new skills they would need, without pay. Mac Wilson, the company president vowed to never lay off workers. Inventory is handled by a system of four warehouses. The central warehouse located near the plant and the three regional warehouses. Julie Berry, vice president for sales, point to increasing complaints from regional sales manager about poor customer service. Regional warehouse managers, stung by complaints from sales managers have responded by increasing their order size from the main warehouse and maintaining larger amounts of safety stock. According to managers of regional warehouses, their orders to main warehouse aren’t being ship or if shipped, it has smaller quantities than requested. Jimmy Joe, manager of the main warehouse says his policy that he prefer to fill direct orders from actual customers rather than warehouse order that might simply reflect warehouses trying to replenish their safety stock. II. CRITIQUE About the persons involve in the Grill Rite like Mac Wilson, the company president. He is an effective and efficient in terms of taking care of his employees. Yes, he is responsible in the problems arises in his own company but I think his making his responsibility well....
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...Firstly, a detailed account of realism will be produced highlighting the emergence of national interest as the fundamental feature or goal of sovereign states. This is done either through the maintenance of a status quo or aspiration of accumulating influence. It will be concluded that Defensive Realism or neorealism is the principal theoretical sub-school in according this claim any legitimacy. Secondly, a general evaluation of neorealism in post 9/11 world will be provided; and a comparison, and ultimately an association of anarchy and interdependence (emerging from neoliberalism) will be enunciated. Finally, resulting from the discoveries of the evaluation of realist foreign policy, principally on national interest, from neoliberal critiques; a subsequent new theoretical school will be expressed; Liberal Realism. This is demonstrated by Christopher Hill. * * To evaluate the claim that...
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...BACKGROUND Briefly describe and define the problem Crime policy scholars, primarily James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, and practitioners, such as Los Angeles Police Chief William J. Bratton, have argued for years that when police pay attention to minor offenses—such as aggressive panhandling, prostitution, and graffiti—they can reduce fear, strengthen communities, and prevent serious crime (Bratton & Kelling, 2006; Wilson & Kelling, 1982). Spurred by claims of large declines in serious crime after the approach was adopted in New York City, dealing with physical and social disorder, or “fixing broken windows,” has become a central element of crime prevention strategies adopted by many American police departments (Kelling & Coles, 1996; Sousa & Kelling, 2006). In their seminal “broken windows” article, Wilson and Kelling (1982) argue that social incivilities (e.g., loitering, public drinking, and prostitution) and physical incivilities (e.g., vacant lots, trash, and abandoned buildings) cause residents and workers in a neighborhood to be fearful. Fear causes many stable families to move out of the neighborhood and the remaining residents isolate themselves and avoid others. Anonymity increases and the level of informal social control decreases. The lack of control and escalating disorder attracts more potential offenders to the area and this increases serious criminal behavior. Wilson and Kelling (1982) argued that serious crime developed because the police and citizens did not...
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...Critiquing Research According to Webster (1985), to research is to search or investigate exhaustively. He also states that it is, “A careful or diligent search, studious inquiry aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts.” The piece being critically reviewed is an article by Dr Ann Seed (1995), “Crossing the Boundaries – Experiences of neophyte nurses.” Readers sometimes assume that if a report was accepted for publication; the study must be sound (Polit & Beck 2004), unfortunately this is not always true. In order to determine the quality of the work, a critical review is needed. This work will use the Model for Critical Appraisal of Studies by B Roe (1993). The Introduction The introduction should acquaint readers with the research problem and context (Polit & Beck 2004). The introduction in Seeds research is informative but does not give actual reasons for the study and what expectations are. These are not established at all in the published piece; this is a problem for the reader as it leaves one guessing what Seed feels the importance is and what the intentions were, this should have been highlighted in the beginning. Literature review Seed does not use a literary review. Cormack (2000) states all articles should; as quoted in Polit & Beck (2004); Glaser and Strauss (1967) disagree, and state it is not correct to take on qualitative research having pre-examined earlier works. The author does not discuss reasons why she has not included a literary...
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