...on-systems-measurements-time-temperature/ HCP 220 Week 4 Checkpoint- Common Applications of Different Conversion Systems and Measurements of Time and Temperature To avoid patient harm in the calculation of doses or dosages, pharmacy technicians must master methods for converting or changing calculations using different measurement systems. The exercises in this CheckPoint provide opportunities to practice these skills. Resources: Ch. 5–6 of Pharmaceutical Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians: A Worktext Showall your calculations in a Microsoft® Word document Answerthe following questions about the prescription in the scenario: A physician wrote a prescription for Tylenol® 325 mg/5 mL with codeine 10 mg/5 mL liquid, 5 mL three times a day x 4 days as needed for cough. 1. What household device should the patient use to administer the medication? 2. How much Tylenol® (in milligrams) is contained in a teaspoonful? Refer to Table 5-2 on p. 39. 3. How much codeine (in milligrams) is contained in a teaspoonful? Refer to Table 5-2 on p. 39. 4. How much elixir (in ounces) should the pharmacist dispense for a 4-day course of therapy? Refer to Table 4-6 on p. 30. Completethe following exercises. 1. Critical Thinking, p. 47: Problems 1 & 2 2. Test Your Knowledge, p. 47: Problems 5, 9, 17, 28, 34, 42, 46, 50, 54 Post your work and answers to both sets of problems along with a signed copy of the Certificate of Originality as an attachment...
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...Working as an intern during pharmacy school at the Lewis pharmacy in Brandon, SD has taught me much about community pharmacy. As an intern I was able to grow into many responsibilities. When I first started working I had no pharmacy experience and would consider myself very naïve to the world of pharmacy. My initial shifts consisted of getting familiar with the till, serving customers, becoming familiar with pharmacy workflow, filling prescriptions, and completing daily tasks. By the end of my internship, I was able to take on more of a pharmacist’s role by processing prescriptions, calling doctors, counseling patients on prescriptions and over-the-counter medications, and providing immunizations. Looking back from when I first started...
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...Institutional Pharmacy Setting When thinking of an Institutional Pharmacy, the name is deceptive enough that the first thought of what it is, seems to overshadow the importance that it provides. These types of pharmacies tend to our loved ones in nursing homes, hospitals, long term care facilities, and on their last days with hospice (Johnston, Frank, & Luke, 2006). Within this environment are trained pharmacy technicians that are sworn to protect the health, rights, and privacy of the patients they care for. This is a privilege all by itself, but the job of a pharmacy technician is just beginning. Pharmacy technicians work as a support system of an institutional pharmacy. There is much weight applied to their shoulders as they function with less supervision. Confidence in the education that has been taught and what is retained are aspects that are earned. Professional technicians must be familiar with the policies and procedures within the pharmacy and adhere to state guidelines (Fred, 2005). One entrusted with the technical care of others in a pharmacy setting should have a thorough understanding of dosage, compounding, IV administration, and related drug procedures. Institutional pharmacies use controlled dispensing systems to ensure the proper dispensing amount with the correct dosage and form (Johnston, Frank, & Luke, 2006). Where state guidelines permit, unopened and unused medications may be returned to the pharmacy for later use. These practices are excellent...
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...holding an associate’s degree. The College of Southern Nevada’s mission statement states to graduate competent, compassionate, and caring nurses who strive for excellence in their delivery of care to meet the health needs of the community and to contribute to the profession of nursing. The goals of the program are to assist the nurse to be caring, competent, be creative by using their critical thinking skills for decision making while caring for patients, to assist the nurse with communications skills that allow them to collaborate with other disciplines, and professionalism to teach the nurse to continue lifelong learning, accountability, and to be a patient advocate. The 2 year program offered by College of Southern Nevada believes in preparing a nurse to be able to care for a patient safely and to the pass NCLEX, which proves that the student is safe for practice. The associate’s degree program teaches the student just enough information to be able to do this and to pass the NCLEX. The Grand Canyon University Philosophy goes more in-depth it’s more than just preparing a student to practice safely and...
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...Case Study 1: Statistical Thinking in Health Care Emily Strauss Professor Jamey Ludwig Business Statistics November 2, 2015 HMO’s pharmacy faces a liability issue with incorrect prescriptions being issued to customers. This situation stems from an issue with the processes in place to minimize this risk. The suppliers of pharmaceutical medications is HMO Pharmacy. Inputs are prescriptions written by doctors for patients.Process steps include receiving a prescription which gets read and interpreted by a pharmacist, handed off to an assistant to fill. The filled prescription then is distributed to customers. HMO’s process has little for quality control in place for these prescriptions. If the pharmacy can identify that one doctor’s prescriptions are typically filed incorrectly the the pharmacy can ensure that the pharmacy works closely with that practice to eliminate any confusion. Within the SIPOC model we can identify suppliers, input, process, outputs and customers. The suppliers are the pharmacy techs and prescription drug companies that supply prescription medications. Inputs are bulk medications, and packaging supplies. The pharmacy’s process is to repackage medications to distribute to customers. Customers are patients who have prescriptions to be filled. The process by which HMO pharmacy fills prescriptions begins with a doctor’s office sending a prescription to be filled with a patient to the pharmacy. The prescription is handwritten on a prescription...
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...Statistical Thinking in Health Care Business Statistic MAT510 February 1, 2015 HMO’s pharmacy is experiencing problems with providing inaccurate prescriptions to customers. The inaccurate prescriptions could be from a number of areas in the prescription process. The errors could stem from interpretation of the prescribed medication to faulty input into the computer system, or even the incorrect understanding of the medication prescribed. To develop strategies to target the prevention of medication errors fully, it is necessary to have a holistic understanding of the medication-use process in the pharmacy and how each stage contributes to the overall error rate. Drug ordering and delivery are typically broken into four different stages; prescribing, transcribing, filling, and dispensing. Each of these stages represents a possible risk point and a potential vulnerable link in the patient-safety chain. The below process map outlining the steps HMO takes to fill a prescription for the customer. Prescribed Received Processed Filled Dispensed Suppliers | Inputs | Process | Outputs | Customers | Doctor | Prescription | Medication prescribed by doctor | Medication | Patients | Pharmaceutical Company’s | Drugs | Receiving prescription | Payment | | | | Interpret | | | | | Transferring into computer | | | | | Processing against insurance | | | | | Filling medication | | | | | Dispensing Medication | | | The analysis of the...
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...Ethical Responsibility in Pharmacy Practice Robert A. Buerki, Ph.D. Professor Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration The Ohio State University Louis D. Vottero, M.S. Professor of Pharmacy Emeritus Ohio Northern University American Institute of the History of Pharmacy Madison, Wisconsin 2002 Acknowledgments: Pages 208-10: "Principles of Medical Ethics" and "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," reprinted with permission from the Code of Medical Ethics, American Medical Association, © 1994 and © 2000. AMA logo reprinted with the permission of the American Medical Association. © 2002 American Medical Association. Usage of the AMA logo does not imply an endorsement of the non-AMA material found in this book. Page 211: "Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements," reprinted with permission from the American Nurses Association, © 2001 American Nurses Publishing, American Nurses Foundation/American Nurses Association, Washington, D.C. Pages 212-15: "A Patient's Bill of Rights," reprinted with permission of the American Hospital Association, © 1992. Pages 216-17: "Pharmacy Patient's Bill of Rights," reprinted with permission of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. On the cover: The "triad of medical care" has been the basis for the ethical relationship between the pharmacist, the physician, and the patient for centuries. In the background, an early depiction of the triad from Book 7 of the encyclopedia...
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...STATISTICAL THINKING IN HEALTH CARE Jamie D. Grant Dr. Theodore Gorczyca MAT 510 – Business Statistics February 5, 2016 The prescription filling process of the health maintenance organization (HMO) consists of the doctor sending the prescription to the pharmacy via paper with the patient, paper to the nurse who calls in the prescription with instructions, or faxing the prescription to the pharmacy. From there, the personnel at the pharmacy fill the prescription by inputting the information given to them into their computer in order to print the instructions and medication labels for the prescriptions. They then pull the requested medications per the instructions, fill the necessary containers to give to the patients, and label them accordingly. Patients then receive their medicines and take them according to the instructions printed on the labels by the pharmacy per the doctor. There are many activities involved in this process that can cause issues. There are various reasons prescriptions can be filled inaccurately from the beginning (which can be considered the supplier portion of the SIPOC model) of the process. Interviews with pharmacy assistants indicate that doctors’ handwritings’ are difficult to decipher, and hence an area of concern when this information is given on paper to read in person or by facsimile copy. The person receiving the information in this format has the task of reading it, and interpreting what the doctor is trying to convey. If...
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...was at lunch when he received a call from a patient who stated he had an urgent need for a prescription called into the pharmacy. The patient was leaving town within minutes and needed the medication prior to catching his flight. The paper will discuss Jerry’s qualifications to write prescription medications. The doctrine of respondeat superior and how it applies to Jerry in this situation is discussed. Problem-solving methods and major legal and ethical issues that would be helpful in Jerry’s decision making are also conferred. Scope of Practice Jerry McCall is Dr. Williams’ office assistant. He is received training as both a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) and a Medical Assistant (MA). However, according to the scope of practice of both an LPN and MA, neither is permitted to write prescriptions and call them into the pharmacy (Fremgen, B., 2009). An MA’s scope of practice does not allow for them to write, refill, or call in prescription medications under any circumstances. This practice does not fall within their scope of practice and doing so would be unethical and illegal. Writing prescriptions is not in the scope of practice of an LPN and therefore Jerry should not write this prescription. If Jerry can reach the physician over the telephone, an RN must take the telephone order because taking a telephone order is also out of the LPN’s scope of practice. It would not make a difference what the medication was for because regardless, Jerry is not qualified under any circumstances...
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...Management and Leadership Topic: Research Paper 3 on CVS CAREMARK CVS Caremark is a company which considers helping mankind on their way to have better health. Their leaders have undertaken such operations which are environmental friendly, carbon reducing goals, engaging colleagues, customers and other stakeholders. Their leaders have been able to strategies in such a manner that they have been able to create a combination of health care services that provide great solutions from planning a pharmacy design to vital delivery of products and services to their customers. As they have a very good leader (CEO) Merlo Paints they have developed such capabilities that includes industry which are leaders in clinical and health managing programs, speciality in pharmacy expertise, excellent customer services and leaders in retail clinics. Leader’s behaviour is influenced by the internal and external constraints which interact with each other and with the leader’s personality and skills. Sometimes severe situations also arise when the leaders are only a figurehead who is unable to implement any strategy or policies to make changes. Internal constraints are those in which CEO’s discretion is influenced by the factors which are internal to the organizations, whereas external constraints are those which includes the organizations primary product and services and the type of market in which the firm operates. The CEO of CVS Caremark takes initiatives in the political processes which...
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...Statistical Thinking in Health Care Case Study 1 Week 4 Mat 510- Business Statistics November 1, 2015 With information from the case we will attempt to address some explanations to the issue of medication errors being dispensed at HMO pharmacy. A dispensing error is a discrepancy between a prescription and the medicine that the pharmacy delivers to the patient or distributes to the ward on the basis of this prescription, including the dispensing of a medicine with inferior pharmaceutical or informational quality shows the categories of dispensing errors. If dispensing errors are considered from the perspective that the quality of all pharmacy care activities should be assured by the pharmacist, this list can be extended by the addition of three other categories: failure to detect and correct a prescribing error before dispensing; failure to detect a manufacturing error before dispensing; and failure to provide adequate patient counseling in order to prevent administration errors. These categories arise in other segments of the pharmaceutical patient care chain, but they are nevertheless important when one strives for a full assessment of the pharmacy's performance. (a-Chun Cheung, Marcel L Bouvy, and Peter A G M De Smet) I am going to attempt a process map to the best of my ability on filling process for HMO’s pharmacy, in which some key problems that the HMO’s pharmacy might be experiencing. A SIPOC diagram is a tool used by a team to identify...
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...Increasing Nursing Compliance with Safe Medication Preparation and Administration Marie Shelly Capstone Course Increasing Nursing Compliance with Safe Medication Preparation and Administration The importance of safe medication preparation and administration in healthcare settings is being increasingly recognized. There have been numerous publications describing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, viruses, and bacteria related to unsafe injection practices. The current field of nursing requires concerned parties to exercise a critical appraisal of research findings, and, establish a synthesis of contextual and empirical evidence that is relevant. However, practitioners have not established better alternatives regarding their practice. In addition, the essential evidence-based methods and critical skills in thinking are still lacking; yet they are ideal for the maximization of the cost-effectiveness and quality of health care (Camiletti, & Huffman, 1998). The Center for Disease Control reported that between 1998 and 2008 a total of 33 outbreaks of patient to patient transmission of HBV or HCV due to breaches of infection control by health care personal (http://www.cdc.gov/injectionsafety/CDCsRole.html1). More than 60,000 patients were at risk and 448 patients acquired with HBV or HCV. The disease transmission was primarily from lapses in aseptic technique, the reuse of syringes and contamination of medications that were multi-dose vials. In 2001(Luby, 2001) The World...
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...Statistical Thinking in Health Care Introduction: The case study The case study presented here is about the problems in the prescription filling at an HMO’s pharmacy. I have reviewed and analyzed the case, identified problems and suggested improvements solution and strategies for preventing future filling errors. Medication errors are a leading cause of mortality in the United States (Kohn, Corrigan, and Donaldson, 2000). Dispensing errors account for ~21% of all medication errors (Santell, Hicks, McMeekin, and Cousins, 2003). In addition to causing serious morbidity and mortality, dispensing errors increase the economic burden on society by adding to health care costs. The prescription filling process map: Prescription filling refers to...
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...0 3 0 Electronic Health Records in the Physician Office CHAPTER OUTLINE Patient Flow in the Physician Practice Step 1. Pre-Visit: Appointment Scheduling and Information Collection Step 2. Patient Check-in and Payment Collection Step 3. Rooming and Measuring Vital Signs Patient Examination and Documentation Step 4. Patient Checkout Step 5. Post-Visit: Coding and Billing Post-Visit: Reviewing Test Results Coding and Reimbursement in Electronic Health Records Computer-Assisted Coding Clinical Tools in the Electronic Health Record Decision-Support Tools Tracking and Monitoring Patient Care Screening for Illness or Disease Identifying at-Risk Patients Managing Patients with Chronic Diseases Improving the Quality and Safety of Patient Care with Evidence-Based Guidelines E-Prescribing and Electronic Health Records Keeping Current with Electronic Drug Databases Increasing Prescription Safety Saving Time and Money LEARNING OUTCOMES After completing this chapter, you will be able to define key terms and: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. List the five steps of the office visit workflow in a physician office. Discuss the advantages of pre-visit scheduling and information collection for patients and office staff. Describe the process of electronic check-in. Explain how electronic health records make documenting patient exams more efficient. Explain what occurs during patient checkout. Explain what two events take place during the post-visit step of the visit workflow. Describe the advantages of computer-assisted...
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...Statistical Thinking in Health Care Case Study 1 Week 4 By Shirley Davis Dr. Sally Robison Mat 510- Business Statistics November 1, 2015 With information from the case we will attempt to address some explanations to the issue of medication errors being dispensed at HMO pharmacy. A dispensing error is a discrepancy between a prescription and the medicine that the pharmacy delivers to the patient or distributes to the ward on the basis of this prescription, including the dispensing of a medicine with inferior pharmaceutical or informational quality shows the categories of dispensing errors. If dispensing errors are considered from the perspective that the quality of all pharmacy care activities should be assured by the pharmacist, this list can be extended by the addition of three other categories: failure to detect and correct a prescribing error before dispensing; failure to detect a manufacturing error before dispensing; and failure to provide adequate patient counseling in order to prevent administration errors. These categories arise in other segments of the pharmaceutical patient care chain, but they are nevertheless important when one strives for a full assessment of the pharmacy's performance. (a-Chun Cheung, Marcel L Bouvy, and Peter A G M De Smet) I am going to attempt a process map to the best of my ability on filling process for HMO’s pharmacy, in which some key problems that the HMO’s pharmacy might be experiencing. A SIPOC diagram...
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