...In the Thinking section of the chapter, I enjoyed reading the Building Blocks of Thought piece. I thought it provided a good foundation in understanding what activities occur when we are thinking about something. Creating mental images, I think, are a must, especially when it comes to details related to a task which requires making a physical object. I think we need a mental representation of the object so we can picture what we want the result to be. In the Thinking: Problem Solving and Making Decisions section, I was able to relate to the Trial and Error piece of this chapter. In my current job function, I preform User Acceptance testing; this is a form of the Trial and Error strategy. I agree with the chapter in that he Trial and Error strategy can be very time consuming, but is necessary to ensure the desired results are being returned. Also from the chapter, I was also able to acknowledge that myself and some of my work peers experience functional fixedness. We are so use to following a certain process or procedure a certain way, that we block new insight to a more efficient way of doing things. I know being more opened minded can help lower the chances of functional fixedness interfering with finding a more efficient solution. The Language piece of the chapter went over how language has its own syntax, and this I found interesting. The syntax (set of rules for combining words) piece shed some light for me on why people who speak different languages use the...
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...Internet Activity #10 Howard Gardner initially came up with seven intelligences and grouped them into three categories. He grouped the intelligences as ones that are valued in schools, intelligences associated with the arts, and personal intelligences. Gardner grouped Linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligences as the two intelligences that are valued in schools. Linguistic intelligence involves spoken and written languages, the ability to learn languages, and the ability to express yourself through the use of language. Poets and lawyers are people Gardner would use as examples of people possessing linguistic intelligence. Logical-mathematical intelligence is like scientific and mathematical thinking. It involves analyzing...
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...NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Marqueze J. Sawyers THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures: If requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first page of your assignment. In addition, your assignment header should include your last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page number right justified. For example: SawyersMHRM5000-8 6 | Save a copy of your assignments: You may need to re-submit an assignment at your instructor’s request. Make sure you save your files in accessible location. Academic integrity: All work submitted in each course must be your own original work. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by your instructor. Knowingly submitting another person’s work as your own, without properly citing the source of the work, is considered plagiarism. This will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course. It may also result in academic dismissal from the University. | | HRM5000-8 | S. Manlove | | | Human Resources Management | 6 | ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Faculty Use Only ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Artificial Intelligence(AI) and the Modern -Day Hacking Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has created new markets and new opportunities in many areas such as health, education, energy, and the environment. The history of Artificial Intelligence can be traced back to the Greece philosophers who modeled human thinking as a system of symbols [1]. This was the first time someone thought about replicating human thinking. During the 1940s, Connectionism was developed to study the process of thinking. Later in 1950, a man named Alan Turing wrote a paper on how to test a “thinking” machine. His paper was followed in 1952 by the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the brain as neurons forming an electrical network, with individual neurons firing in all-or-nothing pulses. These events, at a conference sponsored by Dartmouth College in 1956, helped to spark the concept of Artificial Intelligence [1]. In recent years, machines have surpassed humans in the performance of certain tasks. Machines are now able to replace...
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...Socio-emotional, Language, Fine motor skill, and Gross motor skill development. All of these areas correlates to each other. However, the differences of cognitive and language development on a child’s growth is the main focus of this paper. What is Cognitive Development? “Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to...
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...Intelligence Simply put, intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. According to Stella Cottrell (2003), there are nine views of intelligence namely: 1. Intelligence is a “general, underlying cleverness which is fixed for life”. 2. There can be multiple intelligences, not just one general intelligence. 3. Intelligence can be developed. 4. Intelligence depends on life opportunities. 5. Intelligence depends on what is needed and relevant within a culture. 6. Intelligence is about applying what you know to new contexts. 7. Intelligence is a question about how much you know. 8. Intelligence can be measured. 9. Intelligence depends on study habits and study skills which can be developed. 1st view: Intelligence is a “general, underlying cleverness which is fixed for life” According to this view, it was believed that each individual has a general level of intelligence, otherwise known as “intelligence Quotient” or the “IQ” for short. Intelligence was regarded by early psychologists as a single fixed underlying capacity. They believed that a person who did well on one test would do well on all or on most intelligence tests and no matter what happened in life, those “born very intelligent” would remain generally more intelligent than those “born less intelligent”. The author, Stella Cottrell, says that even more recently some psychologists have argued that some traits, including intelligence, are up to 80% dependent...
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...Module 5 Homework Assignment PSY140: Introduction to Psychology November 21st 2011 1. Define cognition and name the basic units of thinking. Cognition is defined as mental processes of perceiving, believing, thinking, remembering, knowing, and deciding. Concepts are the basic units of thinking. Concepts are general categories of things, events and qualities that are linked by a common feature or features, in spite of their differences. Which help us make sense of information in the world. Concepts also enhance our memory and guide our behavior. Lahley, Benjamin B. / Psychology an Introduction/ 9th Ed. 2. How is language learned and how does it relate to thinking? Language is learned so early that it is difficult to explain how it is managed. Some psycholinguists have proposed that language is learned by special genetically programmed procedures that are unique to language learning. Others contend that the general analytic capacity of the human brain is such that even complex language rules can be worked out without any innate knowledge or special language acquisition procedures. Regardless of which view is correct, experience with one’s native language must be critically important. Narrative skill differences are connected to the way that mothers converse with their children. If they use an elaborative style, engaging in lengthy discussions about children’s past experiences, providing lots of details, asking questions and encouraging children...
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...There are three types of intelligence that will be discussed within this essay prompt. The three will include real-world examples that can relate and provide a better understanding of the types. The three types of intelligence include: verbal/linguistic, body-kinesthetic, and logical/mathematical. The verbal/linguistic intelligence means being good at words and languages. An example of this would be being good at remembering written and spoken information. A person who enjoys reading and writing is also great within this category. Further more examples include good at debating or giving persuasive stories, able to explain things with detail, and using humor when telling stories. These examples provide how a person can be very well with speaking and also various languages they may use to persuade the information they are trying to relay. The body-kinesthetic intelligence means being good at controlling one’s body and having mastery over motor skills. A few examples within this category include: good at dancing and sports, enjoying creating things with their hands, excellent physical coordination. These examples include how someone is using their mastery motor skills. It includes using controlling the body, such as dancing, and moving the body in various ways. This includes when one remembers something by doing it, rather than hearing or seeing. The logical/mathematical intelligence means being good at thinking logically, recognizing patterns, and reasoning about and solving...
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...Which educational theories were employed? There is an assortment of intelligence testing that goes from the Stanford-Binet intelligence test (IQ) to the information processing theories to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence and ending with Gardner’s multiple intelligences (Bee & Boyd, 2010). The standard IQ test measures only the intellectual and academic dimensions of intelligence and Gardner’s multiple intelligences suggests eight separate domains of intelligence, each with their strategies for measurement. On this variety the teacher went so far as to work the precepts of Sternberg’s triatric theory of intelligence, but not so far as to try and cover Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences. The day in which I observed the class was on Friday, and it was test day. There were two tests, a spelling test and a language comprehension test. Both tests definitely gauged intellectual ability to the absence of any type of measure about practical or creative intelligence. The students, however, after the tests were asked to color, cut out, and paste a large fish to their folders (creative), and then the teacher had a story time where the class talked about the dangers of not playing in the rain while lightning (practical). Which educational theories could have been used to better enhance instruction and learning? Gardner’s multiple intelligences, the naturalistic and intrapersonal aspects of intelligence were those that were used the smallest in the class I observed. The class...
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...the time he was 21) but moved into the study of the development of children's understanding, through observing them and talking and listening to them while they worked on exercises he set. His view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world: they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. His research has spawned a great deal more, much of which has undermined the detail of his own, but like many other original investigators, his importance comes from his overall vision. He proposed that children's thinking does not develop entirely smoothly: instead, there are certain points at which it "takes off" and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. He saw these transitions as taking place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that before these ages children are not capable (no matter how bright) of understanding things in certain ways, and has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. Whether or not should be the case is a different matter. Piaget's stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piaget's view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses...
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...Artificial Intelligence Vs Humanity: Why we should think about the threat of Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is definitely a touchy subject for the human race. The very mention of the term conjures up images of apocalyptic societies where intelligent super-computers have either enslaved the human race or eradicated the inferior species altogether. For some, the connotation of "artificial intelligence" attacks the very core of the human spirit, the pride of our race. The very thought of an "intelligent" computer that is on par, or more likely superior, to our own brain sends chills down the spine. Are these concerns realistic? Or are they unfounded worries of people who don't understand the issue? Some proponents of artificial intelligence insist that such concerns are the result of semantic misunderstanding. By definition, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent ("Artificial Intelligence”, Herzfeld Noreen). The ability to create intelligent machines has intrigued humans since ancient times and today with the advent of the computer and 50 years of research into AI programming techniques, the dream of smart machines is becoming a reality (Nonlinear Science and Complexity, M. Marques). Researchers are creating systems which can mimic human thought, understand speech, beat the best human chess player, and countless other feats never before possible...
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...Human Memory, Thinking, and Intelligence Milton Duarte AIU Online Abstract Memory is one of the most important functions in the human brain it is essential to the well being of a person or any creature. The brain can perform many functions but these functions are made with the purpose to serve for good. Human Memory, Thinking, and Intelligence Anyone can start out by explaining basic functions of the human brain, what it can do and how it can perform. Two of the basic processes for learning, are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Also some more information human brain is that it is equipped with the ability to solve problems, make decisions, and use a sophisticated language. This also comes to mind when talking about intelligence: “Only human beings are capable of creating methods to measure the intellectual achievements” (Career Education, 2010) Memory is a system or process by which the products or results of learning are stored for future. It is also the most important thing a human can do to be well experienced and know about anything. There are 2 types of learning, which are classical conditioning and operant conditioning; in classical conditioning you are trying to increase the probability of a response to some neutral stimulus by pairing that stimulus with a following stimulus that already produces the response (University of West Florida, 2009). For example classical conditioning involves learning new behavior via the process of association (Saul...
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...Defining Cognitive Psychology: Merriam Webmaster dictionary defines Cognitive Psychology as “a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behaviour.” Simply put, cognitive psychology is the scientific study of the mind and it revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick then we need to understand the internal processes of their mind. The need to study cognitive psychology: Cognitive psychology assumes that behaviour is the result of information processing. By describing thinking as information processing, cognitive psychologists are making a comparison between minds and computers (i.e. they are adopting a computer metaphor for the mind). This is useful because minds and computers have some attractive similarities: both have inputs, outputs, memory stores and a limited capacity for how much information they can process at any one time. Just as a computer’s behaviour is determined by what information it is given and how it has been programmed, so a person’s behaviour is determined by (1) the information available in their environment; (2) the ways they have learned to manipulate (process) information; and (3) the capacities for information processing inherent in the types of brain people have. In short, it is important to study cognitive psychology to gain an...
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...Multiple Intelligences Intelligence Style Characteristics: Strategies Language People who are strong in the language intelligence enjoy saying, hearing, and seeing words. They like telling stories. They are motivated by books, records, dramas, opportunities for writing. Read out loud. Keep a journal. Use a tape recorder to tape stories and write them down. Read together with a peer or friend. Read a piece with different emotional tones or viewpoints Spatial People who are strong in the spatial intelligence remember things visually, including exact sizes and shapes of objects. They like posters, charts, and graphics. They like any kind of visual clues. They enjoy drawing. Write a language experience story. Study and create maps, diagrams and graphs. Color code words so each syllable is a different color. Use pictures to stimulate reading or writing. Logic/Math People who are strong in the logic/math intelligence enjoy exploring how things are related. They like to understand how things work. They like mathematical concepts. They enjoy puzzles and manipulative games. They are good at critical thinking. Sort, categorize, and characterize word lists. While reading a story, stop before you've finished and predict what will happen next. Make outlines of what you are going to write or of the material you've already read. Body Movement People who are strong in the body movement intelligence like to move, dance, wiggle, walk, and swim. They are often good at sports...
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...learning about multiple intelligences. In this class, I learned in chapter 10, that american psychologist Howard Gardner came up with eight unique and independent types of intelligences that...
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