...International’s indices sponsored by Ernst & Young. 176 countries, 176 scores. How does your country measure up? Transparency International is the global civil society organization leading the fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we raise awareness of the damaging effects of corruption and work with partners in government, business and civil society to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it. www.transparency.org Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of December 2012. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ©2012 Transparency International. All rights reserved. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 1 About the index Corruption can happen anywhere. When politicians put their own interests above those of the public. When officials demand money and favors from citizens for services that should be free. Corruption is not just an envelope filled with money though — these people make decisions that affect our lives. We know corruption is a problem around the world. But how bad is it and what can be done? The Corruption Perceptions Index measures the perceived levels of public sector corruption in countries worldwide. Based on...
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...investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis." The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva. One of the principal achievements of UNCTAD has been to conceive and implement the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP). It was argued in UNCTAD that to promote exports of manufactured goods from developing countries, it would be necessary to offer special tariff concessions to such exports. Accepting this argument, the developed countries formulated the GSP scheme under which manufacturers' exports and some agricultural goods from the developing countries enter duty-free or at reduced rates in the developed countries. Since imports of such items from other developed countries are subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage. The creation of UNCTAD in 1964 was based on concerns of developing countries over the international market, multi-national corporations, and great disparity between developed nations and developing nations. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established to provide a forum where the developing countries could discuss the problems relating to their economic...
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...Amnesty International. The topics I’ve picked out for this week are: human rights, the environment and third world development. I want to showcase them here because NGOs are heavily involved in these international topics, but that isn’t to say that states and IGOs aren’t also heavily involved. They are! The article from Steinberg on NGOs in the Arab-Israeli Conflict in the reading this week demonstrates this very well. I recommend keeping the form in the week 2 lesson notes on hand when you read that article so you can keep straight the actors, their identities, their purposes (e.g. realist or liberalist) and the levels of analysis they impact the most. If you aren’t familiar with the conflict, I recommend checking out this fabulous interactive by CFR on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, which is a subset of the wider Arab-Israeli Conflict. On a side note, the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is my favorite example of why constructivism is so important in IR. It is shortsighted to advance a way forward to end the conflict without first understanding the identities of the actors involved and their unique history with each other. The things to remember about NGOs are that they are involved in every major international issue, that there are thousands of them and that some are better than others. Here are some book excerpts on human rights, the environment and development of the third world to help you better understand some the topics NGOs focus on. Human Rights (This excerpt is from Diez...
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...America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 Introduction Diversity Amid Globalization Project is organized to describe and explain the major world regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, and so on. The content is of world regional geography that explicitly recognizes the geographic changes accompanying globalization. With this focus we join the many who argue that globalization is the...
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...As individual we are aware what is happening in our nation. There is a lot of problem that our country is facing are and one of the issues that can’t stopped is the Corruption of Government and as a individual as being part of this society we are affective of it. When we look the meaning of corruption in Wikipedia it will gave you this meaning Corruption is the abuse of bestowed power or position to acquire a personal benefit. Some of us choose to accept this because we are blinded of their black propaganda we don’t even think what will be the future of the next generation if we let this people continue to abuse their power. And when we say Governance it is a government is the system by which a state or community is controlled. In the Commonwealth of Nations, the word government is also used more narrowly to refer to the collective group of people that exercises executive authority in a state Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. ------------------------------------------------- Effects[edit] Effects on politics, administration, and institutions[edit] In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability...
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...Development of Third World Countries Abstract The paper examines social and economic issues relating to the development of Third World countries. The emphasis is placed on five major challenges the underdeveloped and developing nations face on their way to economic growth and prosperity. The report discuses overpopulation problem and also questions the effectiveness of foreign aid. Moreover, it provides information on impact of information technology, as well as addresses the issue of lack of economic diversification. Finally, it explains causes and consequences of corruption on economic growth. Keywords: Third World, development, overpopulation, foreign aid, technology, diversification, corruption Table of Contents Abstract2 Introduction4 Brief history4 Classifications4 From Third World to First World6 Issues7 Population growth7 Foreign aid8 Information technology11 Economic diversification12 Corruption13 Conclusions16 References18 Economic Development of Third World Countries History The end of the World War II brought into being a number of new nations in Asia and Africa, which gained independence from colonial rule and were given a title of “Third World”. The term was created by French demographer Alfred Sauvy and was originally intended to distinguish newly emerged states from the Western industrialized nations and from those that formed the former Soviet bloc (Prachi, 2011). Today the designation is used to describe the developing countries of Africa...
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...Gross National Product(2000 data, billion dollars) (product per capita in parentheses, thousand dollars) GDP Yearly Growth Rate Back to politics | Back to history | More statistics | Country | GNP | Per Capita | USA | $10,533 | $38 | Japan | $4,852 | $38 | Germany | $2,242 | $27 | Britain | $1,544 | $26 | France | $1,543 | $26 | China | $1,329 | $1 | Italy | $1,260 | $22 | Canada | $760 | $24 | Brazil | $715 | $4 | Spain | $651 | $16 | Mexico | $578 | $6 | South Korea | $515 | $11 | India | $510 | $0.5 | Australia | $444 | $24 | Netherlands | $429 | $27 | Taiwan | $363 | $16 | Argentina | $300 | $8 | Switzerland | $286 | $39 | Sweden | $275 | $31 | Belgium | $264 | $26 | Russia | $252 | $2 | Austria | $226 | $27 | Turkey | $212 | $3 | Poland | $188 | $5 | Indonesia | $174 | $0.8 | Thailand | $132 | $2 | | Country | % of Global GDP | % of World Population | USA | 32.9% | 4.65% | Japan | 13.4% | 2.09% | Germany | 6.0% | 1.36% | Britain | 4.6% | 0.99% | France | 4.2% | 0.97% | China | 3.7% | 20.84% | Italy | 3.5% | 0.95% | Canada | 2.3% | 0.51% | Mexico | 2.0% | 1.62% | Spain | 1.9% | 0.65% | Purchasing-power parity (2003) Rank | Country | PPP total | PPP/capita | Population | | | ($ billions) | ($) | (million) | | European Union | 10,840 | 28,600 | 379 | 1. | USA | 10,400 | 37,600 | 290 | 2. | China (mainland) | 5,700 | 4,400 | 1,287 | 3. | Japan...
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...Barbados Barbados is a North American sovereign island country located in the Caribbean. The capital of this state is Bridgetown. This state raised its head as an independent state in 1966 after being a Colony of the British Empire for almost 350 years. Category | Fact | Category | Fact | 1.Size | 439 Square km | 4.Religion | Christianity | 2.Population | 277,821 | 5.Currency | Barbadian Dollar | 3.Language | Barbadian | 6.GDP Rate | $16,653 | The main resources of Barbados are Petroleum, Fish, Natural gas, Sugarcane etc. The national symbols of Barbados are Neptune's trident, pelican, and Red Bird of Paradise flower (also known as Pride of Barbados). In Barbados Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the State and represented locally by Governor General which is at present Elliott Belgrave. These two heads are advised by the Prime Minister of Barbados who is also the Head of the Government on matters of Barbadian state. The current Prime Minister of Barbados is Freundel Stuart. ...
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...argument What is the digital divide? For most people living in developed countries, technology is something we are all familiar with. It is fast, it is dynamic, and it changes rapidly. It is everywhere in our lives. Change is ongoing, it is constant. From the emergence of the first personal computers in the 1970s (Beekman and Beekman, 2012), to smart phones today that make earlier computers look like dinosaurs, technology has come a long way. It is so ingrained in our lives it is almost unimaginable to fathom living in a world without it. And yet, some still do. It also begs the question that if ever connectivity was lost would it cause the western world to devolve and become 2nd world countries, or even third world. This paper explores the Digital Divide as it is defined today, the areas which are most affected by this divide, and focuses on Africa, and solutions implemented to try to close the gap. The term “Digital Divide” was coined some time in the 1990s, evolving from a number of definitions. One of its earlier definitions was by Woolinksy, defined as the lack of access to computers (Gunkel, 2003). It has since evolved to be known as the social concern that various groups in the world have a lack of access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT). However, it is not just limited to the lack of access. It is also about the socio-economic inequalities that exist within countries, ability, access, gender, ethnicity, culture, age, language, educational level...
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...retreat This is the third edition of the Economist Intelligence Unit’s democracy index. It reflects the situation as of November 2010. The first edition, published in The Economist’s The World in 2007, measured the state of democracy in September 2006 and the second edition covered the situation towards the end of 2008. The index provides a snapshot of the state of democracy worldwide for 165 independent states and two territories—this covers almost the entire population of the world and the vast majority of the world’s independent states (micro states are excluded). The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy is based on five categories: electoral process and pluralism; civil liberties; the functioning of government; political participation; and political culture. Countries are placed within one of four types of regimes: full democracies; flawed democracies; hybrid regimes; and authoritarian regimes. Free and fair elections and civil liberties are necessary conditions for democracy, but they are unlikely to be sufficient for a full and consolidated democracy if unaccompanied by transparent and at least minimally efficient government, sufficient political participation and a supportive democratic political culture. It is not easy to build a sturdy democracy. Even in long-established ones, if not nurtured and protected, democracy can corrode. Democracy in decline The global record in democratisation since the start of its so-called third wave in 1974, and ...
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...is "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." The DOD definition adds that a goal of terrorism can be "inculcating fear" (thus the psychological dimension), while the State Department is more elaborate, specifying that terrorism may include the use of biological, chemical or nuclear devices as well as the act of "assassination." The latter would suggest that assassinating bin Laden would be a terrorist act by our definition of the word; the former that allied forces in the fire bombings of cities in Dresden, and specifically the U.S., through its use of nuclear weapons to end World War II and of chemical weapons in Vietnam, has already engaged in terrorist activities, although the moral calculus and justification for these actions varies widely and in comparison with the terrorism of the enemies, such as Nazi Germany. This is the grand conundrum of defining terrorism; it is very difficult to separate it from acts of war, just or unjust. We all have heard the saying, "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter." And indeed, Osama bin...
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...Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second World War led to the rise of two major centres of power. The two pictures above symbolise the victory of the US and the USSR in the Second World War. 1....
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...Imperialism? “Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism…characterized by monopoly corporations and the compulsion to export capital abroad for higher profits. Unlike capitalism in the earlier stages, in the imperialist stage, capitalism has no more progress to bring the world…the cause of contemporary militarism” – Lenin “The policy, practice, or advocacy of seeking, or acquiescing in, the extension of the control, dominion, or empire of a nation, as by the acquirement of new, esp. distant, territory or dependencies, or by the closer union of parts more or less independent of each other for operations of war, copyright, internal commerce, etc.” – Oxford dictionary The word imperialism derives from “empire.” As such, it is useful to spend a bit of time to define the word. In working towards a minimal definition, Stanford Professor of Archaeology J. Manning in his first lecture on Ancient Empires starts with: “An empire is a territorially extensive hierarchically political organization.” Unfortunately this definition is too vague. All states encountered in human history are by definition hierarchical, and many nations today are vast compared to the empires of the ancient world. Thus, Manning rephrases his definition of empire to be: “A territorially extensive hierarchical political organization involving the rule of one or more groups over other groups of foreigners.” But what causes empire? There are two models worth explaining. One is originated by...
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...Identifying Rivals and Rivalries in World Politics Author(s): William R. Thompson Source: International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Dec., 2001), pp. 557-586 Published by: Wiley on behalf of International Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3096060 Accessed: 20-11-2015 13:22 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. International Studies Association and Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Studies Quarterly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 110.93.234.9 on Fri, 20 Nov 2015 13:22:55 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions International Studies Quarterly(2001) 45, 557-586. Identifying Rivals and Rivalries in World Politics WILLIAM R. THOMPSON Indiana University Instead of assuming that all actors are equally likely to clash, and that they do so independently of previous clashes, rivalry analysis can focus on the small number of feuding dyads that cause much of the trouble in...
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...strengthening from very weak levels in Europe Inflation and unemployment trends are on divergent paths across major economies Net capital flows and net financial exposures (width of arrows proportional to amounts in billions of U.S. dollars) Developing country activity is strengthening but at a modest pace Manufacturing surveys are pointing to continued expansion in East Asia and South Asia Output gaps remain small in most developing regions Capital flows have recovered strongly after a steep fall in February Currency depreciations were more modest during the winter turmoil among countries that reduced external imbalances Distribution of changes in developing country bilateral exchange rates with the US$ Most developing country equity markets have fully recouped losses since mid-2013 Borrowing costs have fallen since the start of the year for developing countries Metal prices have extended their falls while food prices have turned up Commodity exporters have suffered significant terms of trade losses over the past year If 2014 is an El Niño year, global grain yields could suffer, pushing up prices The contribution of high income countries to global trade volumes will more than double China is a major export destination for many developing countries Growth in East Asia has remained robust despite a slowing in China, its main trading partner Default...
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