...Industrial Relations in India Introduction The relationship between the employers, employees, trade unions and the government is called Industrial Relations. India is an emerging economy and the large informal sector poses a big challenge. 94% of our work force is in the informal sector where implementation of labour laws is difficult. Harmonious relationship is necessary for both the employers and employees to safeguard the interests of both the parties of production and all the other stakeholders. Evolution of IR in India The first phase (1947 to 1966): It was a time of import-substitution industrialization and national capitalism. Large employment-intensive public enterprises were forming and largely centralized bargaining with static real wages. The public sector unionism was growing and industrial relation was majorly Government controlled and regulated. The second phase (1967 to 1980): The employment growth was slowing down and real wages were declining. The IR system faced a major crisis during this phase. There were massive strikes, industrial conflicts, multiple unionism and decline in strength. The government was losing control over the IR system. The third phase (1981 to 1991): This was a period of ‘jobless growth’. The ‘independent’ enterprise unionism was rising and several city/ regional IR systems were operating. The government was slowly withdrawing from IR system. The post-reform decade (1992-2007): About 15% of the workforce (approximately 1.1 million) lost...
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...Part two: 1. What are the basic causes of ‘Grievances’? Ans: Grievances generally arise form the day-do-day working relations in the undertaking, usually a worker or trade union protest against an act or omission or management that is considered to violate worker's rights. The following causes have been given of employee grievances: (i) Promotions; (ii) Amenities; (iii) Continuity of service; (iv) Compensation; (v) Disciplinary action; (vi) Fines; (vii) Increments (viii) Leave; (ix) Medical Benefits; (x) Nature of the job; (xi) Payment of wages; (xii) Acting promotion; (.xiii) Recovery of dues; (xiv) Safety appliance; (xv) Superannuation; (xvi) Supersession; (xvii) Transfer; (xviii) Victimization; and (xix) Conditions of work. Grievances may arise from various causes related to the work and working conditions of the employees. The typical areas where causes of grievances may occur are: • Wage structure including bonus, incentives, overtime, leave facilities etc. • Seniority, job classification, promotion, transfer, lay-off and discharge; • Supervision and discipline, • Physical environment and working conditions in general • Welfare arrangements including health and safety; • Employer's attitude towards interpretation of the service contract or collective bargaining agreement, settlement of grievances etc. 2. What are the objectives of ‘Industrial Relations’? Main objectives of Industrial Relations • Main objective of Industrial relation is to improve...
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...INTRODUCTION ―The Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law, principles which are common to the Member States.‖ - Article 6, Treaty on European Union The European Union is not a federation like the United States. Nor is it simply an organization for cooperation between governments, like the United Nations. Neither is it a State intended to replace existing states, but it is much more than any other international organization. The EU is, in fact, unique. Never before have countries voluntarily agreed to set up common institutions to which they delegate some of their sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at a higher, in this case European, level. All EU decisions and procedures are based on the treaties agreed to by all EU countries, under which sovereignty is shared in specified areas. The result is a union of 27 Member States covering 1.6 million square miles with roughly half a billion people producing almost a third of the world‘s gross national product and speaking more than 23 1 languages, bound together by a desire to promote peace, democracy, prosperity, stability, and the rule of law. The EU embraces the fundamental values shared by its Member States across a multitude of cultures, languages, and traditions. The Member States agree that democracy is the best form of government. They believe in societies that encourage...
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...becoming organized by labor unions. In light of the weakened economy, the effectiveness of labor unions has come into question and is at the forefront of many news stories. Collective bargaining is a responsibility of the labor unions in which the writer of this post is the most familiar. This topic was chosen as a result of academic curiosity and an interest in developing a better understanding of the role of labor unions and collective bargaining in other countries. Explanation of Collective Bargaining In the United States the idea of collective bargaining has changed as labor relations between employees and employers have evolved and improved. In the past the idea of collective bargaining was not widely understood and there were opposing opinions on how to define collective bargaining. Chamberlain (1944) identifies two of these definitions: 1) “the process of arriving at an agreement as to terms and conditions of employment between a single workman and his employer, where the workman is represented by a labor union of which he is a member.” 2) “the arbitral decisions in which no negotiation may be involved”. In the first definition opponents may argue that the process was not collective. However, if the second definition is applied it could be argued that no bargaining occurs. Today, the definition has evolved to a more widely accepted definition as defined by Ball, Geringer, Mcnett, and Minor (2013) as “the process in which a union represents the interests of workers...
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...................................................................................................... 2 2. PRE AND POST LIBERALIZATION ............................................................................................... 3 3. INDIAN LABOUR LAWS ............................................................................................................. 4 4. PRESENT SCENARIO OF LABOUR AND MNCs IN INDIA ........................................................... 8 5. PERCEPTION OF LABOUR ABOUT MNCs ................................................................................ 10 6. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 11 7. INTERVIEW WITH INDUSTRY EXPERTS ................................................................................... 13 8. BIBLOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................... 15 MDI-PGPM-HRM-Term-II Page 1 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene BACKGROUND India was predominantly an agricultural economy till Independence in 1947. Even after Independence, the First Five-Year Plan (1951 —56) laid emphasis on agriculture. With the Second FiveYear Plan (1956 — 61) there was a shift towards heavy industrialization. The share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) declined from about 56 per cent in 1950 — 51 to less than 30 per cent in 1990 — 99 while the share...
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...Multinationals and Their Impact on Labour Scene in India Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene 28 October, 2012 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene Table of Contents 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 2 2. PRE AND POST LIBERALIZATION ............................................................................................... 3 3. INDIAN LABOUR LAWS ............................................................................................................. 4 4. PRESENT SCENARIO OF LABOUR AND MNCs IN INDIA ........................................................... 8 5. PERCEPTION OF LABOUR ABOUT MNCs ................................................................................ 10 6. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 11 7. INTERVIEW WITH INDUSTRY EXPERTS ................................................................................... 13 8. BIBLOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................... 15 MDI-PGPM-HRM-Term-II Page 1 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene BACKGROUND India was predominantly an agricultural economy till Independence in 1947. Even after Independence, the First Five-Year Plan (1951 —56) laid emphasis on agriculture. With the Second FiveYear...
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...employment relations system in India is undermined by the large proportion of workers employed in the unofficial economy’. Discuss. BACKGROUND Capital: New Delhi Population: 1.3 milliard Currency: Indian Rupee GDP Value: 3.33% of the world economy Political system: Federal parliamentary democratic republic – President (head of state), prime minister (head of government) Became independent in 1947 * Major economic reforms in the 1990s paved the way for high economic growth in India and involved the considerable liberalisation of the expansive labour laws. * There is a large rural sector and a large ‘informal’ sector in which unions and collective bargaining are rare. Trade union membership overall is low but membership and collective bargaining coverage is higher in the public sector and large enterprises. There are weak laws regarding trade union recognition and representation and poor enforcement of labour laws and collective agreement provisions. Current concerns include lack of protection for workers who have been made worse-off by the market-based labour reforms, poor growth prospects in key parts of the labour market, high rates of contract and casual workers, increasing downsizing and a low-value added IT sector. The Indian industrial relations system is rooted in British common law * The unionisation rate is low at 5% of the total workforce due in part to large rural and informal sectors, which are not unionised. Most union are concentrated in large...
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...including two Japanese expatriates. The violent mob also injured 9 policemen. The company's General Manager of Human Resources, Awanish Kumar Dev had both arms and legs broken by his attackers, unable to leave the building that was set ablaze, and was charred to death. The incident is the worst-ever for Suzuki since the company began operations in India in 1983. Since April 2012, the Manesar union had demanded a five-fold increase in basic salary, a monthly conveyance allowance of 10,000, a laundry allowance of 3,000, a gift with every new car launch, and a house for every worker who wants one or cheaper home loans for those who want to build their own houses. In addition to this compensation and normal weekend/holidays, the union demanded the current 4 paid weeks of vacation be increased to 7 weeks, plus each worker have 40 days allowance of sick and casual leave - for a total of 75 days. Initial reports claimed wage dispute and a union spokesman alleged the incident may be caste-related. These claims were however denied by the company and the police. Maruti said the unrest began, not over wage discussions, but after the workers' union demanded the reinstatement of a worker who had been suspended for beating a...
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...Introduction to the regulatory environment in India The regulatory environment also known as Legal Aspects of Business, Business law, Commercial Law, Mercantile law is a subject which provides an element of limitation to all the business strategies regulated through different statutory provisions and rules. It not only emphasizes on substantive law but also on procedures and compliances thereby prepares the students of Business for the legal environment they would eventually face in the corporate situation. The legal environment and its 3 “I’s”- The rule of law is envisaged by the people of any state and hence in India the preamble of the Constitution starts with the words “We, the people…..” The term signifies the importance of a persuasive legal regime which has stood the test of “We the people” and thereby every provision of law must be declared constitutional. The 3 “I” of the legal environment are - i. Institutions ii. Instruments iii. Individuals with discretionary powers In short the people of country give the State power to create Institutions, these institutions give instruments created through different sources of law and in turn these institutions appoint individuals with discretionary powers. These powers are directly governed, regulated, monitored and executed through the instruments which legitimate their appointments. The rider being that the powers will be exercised by being fair and unbiased. The principle of “FAT” is essential for the individuals...
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...entered in to. The SAARC has also adopted a Social Charter. The SAARC Social Charter is an important milestone in the area of regional cooperation. The well-written document identifies seven social areas of concerns but fails to include labour as one of them. Under the condition whether concerns of migrant worker could be included in a multilateral agreement, and if so whether it will help to check the human and labour right violations that the migrant workers the faced with? This is a big question. South Asia Scenario: The South Asian Region consists of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. These countries are members of the United Nations, Non-aligned movement, South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation [SAARC] and of the Group of 77 Developing Countries. The present paper, however, concentrates on Bangladesh, India,...
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...economic growth. Furthermore, the world witnessed a radical transformation during the past two decades. The greatest economic experiment of the twentieth century was the movement from communism to a market economy, which began in Mikhail Gorbachev’s Russia in the mid-1980s, and then spread to Eastern Europe at the beginning of the 1990s and to China later on during the same decade. Although the transition to a free market has led to disappointing outcomes, most Eastern Europe countries have concentrated on integrating their economies with Europe and on becoming part of the EU. All these events led to the world becoming more and more global in nature and to defining globalization as a closer economic integration among nations through increased trade and capital flows. It also refers to labor movement and technology transfer across international borders as well as cultural and political issues, which are beyond the scope of this chapter. Globalization is the result of technological processes occurring mainly in the areas of information technology, telecommunications, energy, transport, and biotechnology as well as a shift in economic policies. In this chapter a number of international organizations, such as the WTO, the IMF, and the World Bank were presented and their role in terms of globalization and economic integration issues described. In the course of all these developments, “economic integration,”...
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...Brazil .................................................................... 3 2.1 General information on the Federative Republic of Brazil....................... 3 2.2 Brazil’s connection with the European Union.......................................... 4 2.3 Brazil’s financial situation........................................................................ 5 2.4 Brazil’s imports and exports.................................................................... 6 2.5 Brazil’s leading companies ..................................................................... 9 3 The Russian Federation................................................................................. 10 3.1 General information on the Russian Federation ................................... 10 3.2 Russia’s connection with the European Union...................................... 11 3.3 Russia’s financial situation.................................................................... 12 3.4 Russia’s imports and exports................................................................ 13 3.5 Russia’s leading companies ................................................................. 14 3.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 16 4 The Republic of India...
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... Title of Assignment: Trade barriers and their effect on foreign direct investment in India and France. CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. While there are many differences in the political systems of India and France, there are also a number of interesting similarities. The French political system is special in two ways. Firstly, it is not a parliamentary system like the British one nor is it a separation of powers like in the USA, where the President must take account of congress. The French Fifth Republic is a semi-presidential system in which the president and prime minister are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. When the president and prime minister come from opposing parties, the president is responsible for foreign policy and the prime minister is responsible for domestic policy. France is also different from most major democracies as it uses a two round single winner voting system, rather than the one round system, which is the system used in the United States and the United Kingdom. Like France, India also has both a prime minister and a president. India is a union of states. It is officially...
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...role of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as a new global growth engine, an alternative export market, and a key sourcing hub. The economic might of BRICS can be gauged from the fact that it accounted for 42.3 per cent of global population, 18.2 per cent (25.7 per cent on PPP basis) of global GDP, 17.8 per cent of FDI and 16.3 per cent of global trade in 2010. However, despite the existence of the huge trade (and investment) potential on account of similar consumer preferences, comparable per capita income, and often complementarities of resource endowment, the intra-regional trade among BRICS nations isn't even 10 per cent of their total trade. INDIA'S TRADE When it comes to India's trade (export and import taken together) with the BRICS, it has grown from roughly US$ 9 billion in 2000-01 to US$ 106 billion in 2010-11. As a result, its share in India's merchandise trade has almost doubled (from 9.4 per cent to 17.1 per cent) in this period. This is quite in contrast to the share of India's traditional trading partners — EU-27 and North America — which has declined from 36.5 per cent in 2000-01 to 22.6 per cent in 2010-11. When it comes to India's export, this decline (in the share of EU-27 and North America) is sharper i.e. 29.3 per cent in 2010-11 from 46.3 per cent in 2000-01. This underlines the growing importance of the BRICS region as a key export market vis-à-vis the developed markets. However, growth in India-BRICS trade isn't homogeneous across all...
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...elimination of trade barriers among participating nations. This also implies the establishment of some form of cooperation and coordination among participants, which will depend on the degree of economic integration that ranges from free-trade areas to an economic and monetary union. Integration among countries in a geographical region to reduce, and ultimately remove, tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and factors of production among each other. For examples: EU (European Union), NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) Level of economic integration: The levels of economic integration divided into five different levels and they are shown in figure 1.0. The first one is the Free Trade Area, Custom Union, Economic Union, Monetary Union and then the political union. These five levels are inter- linked with each other; first we have to have the come up with the identification of the free trade area among the participant. Than to ensure the exchange of the goods among the participant a custom union will be required. This custom union will provide the facilities to and check in and check out of the goods through the custom house where representative from every Figure:1.0 participant will check in and check out the goods. After the Custom union economic rules and regulation will be needed to run the integration in a smooth manner. The Union of...
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