...IBM REINVENTING EDUCATION: Research Summary and Perspective Introduction People all over the world are obsessed with improving public education. During the last US election, Americans split historically over who would be the next president. But they were passionately united on the highest priority of the new administration: Fix education. In poll after poll, people listed poor student performance as the nation's greatest liability and its most critical need. Despite years of debate and scrutiny, worldwide comparisons like the Third International Mathematics and Science Study revealed the true extent of failing schools in the US. And while fixing public education tops our national agenda and many public and private institutions have attempted to address the challenge success stories are few and far between. Compounding the problem is a changing world with growing emphasis on highly-skilled individuals. Today's expectations for schools - that ALL children will achieve at a level much higher than required in previous eras - demands much more than a quick fix or a cosmetic approach. Poorly trained teachers, unfocused curriculum, and the inefficient use of resources inevitably result in poor student performance and the inability to compete globally. For the US, the stakes have gone up dramatically. People have also reached consensus on what public school reform looks like. It involves a radical shift from the status quo, with a new foundation built on standards, accountability, and...
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...2009 THE CHANGING ROLES OF TRADE UNIONS IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION (NTPC), UNCHAHAR Piyali Ghosh1*, Shefali Nandan1 and Ashish Gupta2 1 School of Management Studies, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (Deemed University), Allahabad, India 2 Probationary Officer, State Bank of India, Kanpur, India *e-mail: piyali2602@gmail.com ABSTRACT Trade unions are a major component of the system of modern industrial relations in any nation, each having, in their constitution, their own set of objectives or goals to achieve. Change in the political, social and educational environment has seen them rechristened as a forum that protects and furthers workers' interests and improves the quality of life of workers, enlarging their traditional roles of establishing terms and conditions of employment. This paper focuses on plant level trade unions, particularly those of the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Unchahar plant, one of the largest and best Public Sector Undertakings of India. This exploratory study of the different trade unions operational at the Unchahar plant will also highlight their ideologies, objectives and structures. We aim to capture the changing paradigms in the roles of plant-level unions: from maintaining good industrial relations, once considered their primary role, they now work actively to improve the quality of life of workers, a role earlier considered to be secondary. Keywords: trade union, National Thermal Power...
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...Trade Relation between India and Pakistan. Introduction India and Pakistan have been trying, though not very successfully, since the Shimla Agreement, 1972, to create political harmony. Several attempts later, the political and security issues have only become worse. It is imperative to explore the bilateral trade relations between India and Pakistan, so as to seek a way towards a deeper engagement, as these two countries have the potential to change the geopolitical dynamics of Asia.We shall first explore the history of bilateral trade relations between the two nations. History of Trade between India and Pakistan Bilateral trade between India and Pakistan could be of mutual gain to both as they were not separate once. Mumbai and Karachi, their major business centres are near each other, which serves another advantage. But these advantages are marred by disadvantages such as, non-tariff barreiers, poor trade facilitation measures like customs and porcedural barriers, difficult visa regime, poor infrastucture resulting in costly transportation, and many more. At the time of independence, almost3/5th of Pakistan’s total exports were directed towards the Indian market, and 1/3rd of its imports came from India (Sangani and Schaffer 2003). But discord in political relations obstructed bilateral trade. After India’s devaluation of its currency in 1949, Pakistan refused to devalue its currency and later imposed import restrictions...
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...With the recent subprime financial crisis in the U.S. it is evident that the U.S., China and India are dependant on each other. Although the subprime crisis was related to factors regarding monetary policy in the U.S., China and India have been negatively affected. China and India assumed that they would be immune to the after affects of the subprime financial crisis which took place in the U.S. housing sector. Unfortunately China and India have been greatly impacted by experiencing financial instability and experiencing a deep recession. China’s banks not being overly exposed to these toxic assets were supposed to be able to weather the storm and be a source for global liquidity. When U.S. imports of automobiles, electronics and machinery from China slowed down, their economy was disrupted. Similarly to the liquidity crisis taking place in the U.S., India is experiencing their own liquidity squeeze. The BSE was forced down when foreign portfolio investors withdrew over $11 billion dollars. India, China and America are commonly described as emerging powers. Over the years China and India have become economic, political and military powers in the 21st century. The United States, China and India have a common interest in peace and prosperity. This relationship provides the U.S. with low cost consumer goods and advanced manufactured products to the India and China. Recently, more people have been viewing these relationships as a threat. However, the international division...
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...in Foreign Trade in India” Authors: Nader Angoutin Research Scholar in Commerce, University of Kerala, Trivandrum. Email:Nader_Angoutin@yahoo.com Abstract This paper analyses the Study of International Marketing Application in Foreign Trade in India. The study argues the international marketing as simple extension of exporting, whereby the marketing miss is simply adapted in some way to take into account differences in consumers and segment. International marketing research really plays an important role in the marketing research. The study will help in understanding the application of international marketing and knowing the socio economic, foreign trade and financial economic effects. This will fill a critical gap as not much information is available in the context of International Marketing Application in Foreign Trade in India. Keywords: International Marketing- Foreign Trade INTRODUCTION: International marketing is simply the application of marketing principles to more than one country. However, there is a crossover between what is commonly expressed as international marketing and global marketing, or across national borderlines. The intersection is the result of the process of internationalization. Many American and European authors see international marketing as simple extension of exporting, whereby the marketing miss is simply adapted in some way to take into account differences in consumers and segment. International trade is also a...
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...SOFT DRINKS IN INDIA Euromonitor International July 2014 SOFT DRINKS IN INDIA Passport I LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 1 Soft Drinks Records Further Growth in Value Sales ................................................................. 1 Launch of New Flavours Maintain Consumers’ Interest Amidst Slowdown .............................. 1 Competition Between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo Becomes More Aggressive ............................. 1 Modern Retailers Gain Further Popularity ................................................................................ 1 Sustained Sales Likely To Record Steady Growth in Sales ...................................................... 1 Key Trends and Developments .................................................................................................... 2 Manufacturers Focus on Introducing New Flavours.................................................................. 2 Celebrity Endorsements Remain As Popular Promotional Tool ................................................ 2 Modern Retail Gains Further Popularity.................................................................................... 2 East and Northeast India .......................................................................................................... 3 North India ....................................................
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...Executive Summary Foreign trade has been considered as an engine of economic growth. The progress of a country to a large extent depends on their ability to trade relatively freely with the rest of world. The rapid export growth not only contributes directly to economic growth but it permits more imports and rapid modernization of production. It is necessary to understand Indian Fertilizers Industry position in world trade and their promotional strategy for integrating India with the world trade. In terms of Indian Fertilizer Industry, Composition of Foreign Trade, Direction of Exports and Imports and Major Problems of Indian Fertilizer Export Sector will be analyzed. Overall the industry specific export-import scenario, avenues and prospects, India’s competitive advantages and disadvantages and suitable export strategies to boost the exports of carpet related products will be discussed. Though economic relations between India and Korea have been strengthening, the current size of trade and investment between the two countries is relatively low compared to the size and structural complementarities of the two economies. In this context, the present paper analyses trade and investment relations and explores future areas of potential co-operation between India and Korea. We find that the increase in merchandise trade between the two countries has been mainly because of the changing demand structure and comparative advantages of both the economies in complementary sectors in...
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...Chapter : 1 Introduction Bangladesh suffers a huge trade imbalance with India. Apart from the large size of the economy, maintenance of a high protectionist trade regime by India in the forms of tariff and non-tariff barriers have contributed to this imbalance. While Bangladesh has progressed much ahead of India along with its liberalization of trade, India remains slow. Both Bangladesh and India are two major countries of the SAARC and have a long common historical past and similar cultural and social evolution. As far as trade relation is concerned, India is the 2nd largest trading partner of Bangladesh just after USA in 2003. India’s position is at the top for Bangladesh’s imports from the world (IMF: Direction of Trade Statistics, June 2004). Therefore, an analysis of current trade status between the two nations, obstacles and opportunities for mutual trade expansion is very critical for economic development of both countries, especially of Bangladesh, as Bangladesh has been suffering from historical trade deficit with India since its independence. The trade deficit has been increasing exponentially since the recent past. Official data show that compared to 1983, trade deficit in 2003 is more than 46 times higher1 (IMF: Direction of Trade Statistics). This growing deficit is a cause of serious concern for Bangladesh and has important economic and political implications. Hence the importance of the study is realized, and it is expected that the study will help policy makers...
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...A.Rajasekhar (IBF) 1226211201 India’s Trade Partners Introduction India’s current share of the world merchandise trade is 1.1 % and Services trade is 2.7 %. In merchandise trade, India’s target is to reach 5 % of the world trade by 2020. Along with improving export competitiveness, it is also important to improve information base regarding trade policy regime of India’s main trading partners and identify areas which impede market access of Indian goods and services. The present report is an endeavor in this direction capturing the market access barriers faced by Indian exporters in its major trading partners and other select countries, 24 in all. Major trading partners: Exports: Major Export trading partners through which India trading are UAE 12.87%, US 12.59%, China 5.59% . The principal commodities of export include petroleum products, oil meal, gem and jewellery, electronic goods, cotton yarn/readymade garments, cotton, machinery & instruments, primary/semi-finished iron & steel, transport equipment, marine products, drugs/pharmaceuticals, inorganic/organic/ agro chemicals, dyes/intermediates etc. Imports: Major Import trading partners through which India trading are China 10.94%, US 7.16%, Saudi Arabia 5.36%, UAE 5.18%, Australia 5.02%, Germany 4.86%, Singapore 4.02% (2009). The major commodities imported from this region are coal/coke/briquettes, gold, vegetable oils, electronic goods, organic chemicals, machinery except electrical machinery...
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...Trade Policy Reforms in India Geethanjali Nataraj NCAER, New Delhi For the ICRIER-SABER workshop, 29-30 June p, 2009, New Delhi. Trade Policy in India • Trade Reforms form the crux of the economic reforms in India. • Export Promotion has been and continues to be a major thrust of India’s trade policy • Accordingly, policies have been aimed at creating a friendly environment by eliminating redundant procedures, increasing transparency by simplifying the processes involved in the export sector and moving away from quantitative restrictions, thereby improving the competitiveness of Indian industry and g p reducing the anti-export bias. • Steps have also been taken to promote exports through g g multilateral and bilateral initiatives and giving several incentives to exports to cope with all uncertainties at the global level. Features of Trade Policy Reform in India • • • • • Free imports and Exports Rationalization of tariff structure/reducing tariffs Decanalisation Liberalization of the exchange rate regime. Setting up of trading houses, SEZ’s and Export houses SEZ s promotion industrial parks. • Various exemptions under the EXIM policies to boost exports and imports and make the trade policy regime transparent and less cumbersome. p Towards a more open economy 1990 91 1990-91 Peak Import duties ( Manufactures ) Import Controls Trade goods)/GDP ratio ( %) Software exports ( & billion) Worker remittances ( $ billion) FDI ($ billion) g y Foreign currency reserves ($...
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...role of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as a new global growth engine, an alternative export market, and a key sourcing hub. The economic might of BRICS can be gauged from the fact that it accounted for 42.3 per cent of global population, 18.2 per cent (25.7 per cent on PPP basis) of global GDP, 17.8 per cent of FDI and 16.3 per cent of global trade in 2010. However, despite the existence of the huge trade (and investment) potential on account of similar consumer preferences, comparable per capita income, and often complementarities of resource endowment, the intra-regional trade among BRICS nations isn't even 10 per cent of their total trade. INDIA'S TRADE When it comes to India's trade (export and import taken together) with the BRICS, it has grown from roughly US$ 9 billion in 2000-01 to US$ 106 billion in 2010-11. As a result, its share in India's merchandise trade has almost doubled (from 9.4 per cent to 17.1 per cent) in this period. This is quite in contrast to the share of India's traditional trading partners — EU-27 and North America — which has declined from 36.5 per cent in 2000-01 to 22.6 per cent in 2010-11. When it comes to India's export, this decline (in the share of EU-27 and North America) is sharper i.e. 29.3 per cent in 2010-11 from 46.3 per cent in 2000-01. This underlines the growing importance of the BRICS region as a key export market vis-à-vis the developed markets. However, growth in India-BRICS trade isn't homogeneous across all...
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...Reproduction is permitted with the consent of the Editor. OPINIONS Trade between India and Pakistan: Potential Items and the MFN Status Abid Qamar∗ During the last several years, opening up of trade between India and Pakistan has become the most sought after question at many policy forums and among concerned groups. The issue has gained particular importance after India granted the Most Favored Nation (MFN) status to Pakistan, to comply with the principles of World Trade Organization (WTO) regime in 1995, and Pakistan’s reluctance in reciprocating so far. It is believed that increased trade relationship can play a vital role in normalizing the political relationship between the two countries. This will, therefore, benefit millions of people living in both countries as the resources would be diverted from less desirable areas, such as defense spending, to poverty alleviation initiatives. Given the likely impact of trade liberalization between the two countries, the unavailability of any established estimate of potential trade and the items likely to be traded is unfortunate. With a view to come up with some estimates based on some methodology, however simple it is, this note attempts to find the potential of trade between the two countries by identifying the potential items. It estimates the scope for exports and savings by substituting our imports from the rest of the world with those from India. It also identifies the potential items with their potential size...
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...into an international economy through an increase in trade, investment, technology, finance and labour. Globalisation has impacted greatly on the economy of India which is the 7th largest economy in the world and the 2nd most populus. India recently opened it’s economy in the last decade from a closed market in 1991.Globalisation has certain impacts on the economy which include economic convergence, economic growth & development, quality of life, distribution of income and wealth. There have been strategies put in place to promote economic growth and development which include. International Convergence International convergence is the tendency of economies becoming more similar in the ways they operate, their consumption patterns, structure of output, economic performance and government systems. The impact of this is an increase in trade dependency with economies formed open and deregulated markets as well as an increase in trade. A positive impact from increased trade is greater efficiency in resource allocation for NIE such as India. Indian exports have grown more than 25% per year to over $100 billion in 2006. (1)It has also led to an increase in level of output as GDP growth for India in 2007 was 9%. (2). As Indian companies began trading on the world market they were forced to become more efficient to allow them to be more competitive. This leads to lower prices and an increase in demand for goods and services in India. As a result of more efficient industries it’s keeps...
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...Role of India in WTO - 2025 India has aligned itself with WTO in the goal to reduce the trade barriers and tariffs to zero by 2025. World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The work of WTO moves around WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. Why Do We Need WTO? Conclusion • WTO- Its Need − to contribute towards international peace − is based on rules and has nothing to do with power of the nation − gives consumers more choice and a broader range of qualities to choose from − stimulates economic growth − allows disputes to be handled constructively 1. The main benefits of World Trade Organization are as follows: - 2. The system helps to contribute towards international peace, by helping the trade to flow smoothly and dealing with disputes over trade issues. 3. The system allows disputes to be handled constructively. With Global boundaries evading, more and more trade is taking place, and hence, leading to more chances for disputes. To put forth to the claim, around 300 cases have been filed since inception of WTO, and without peaceful and harmonious way to resolve them, they could have led to a political crisis. 4. It's a system, which is based on rules and...
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...International etiquette is a vital ingredient of every successful expat experience. As an expat, you need a basic understanding of the culture you are about to do business in or with. We have put together a small guide to help you get those international etiquette rules right from the beginning! International Etiquette: Avoid Embarrassment Even tiny mistakes in international etiquette can have a negative effect on your career. They may be interpreted as a significant lack of manners and can put an abrupt end to your business abroad. To your business partners, you will appear uninformed or downright rude, and you might jeopardize your business deal if you do not take the time to research social customs and international etiquette beforehand. International Etiquette: Personal Space Respecting other people’s personal space is a crucial aspect of international etiquette, even in business. It is important to keep in mind that there are significant differences between cultures and also between genders which are reflected in the international etiquette rules for the respective countries. Although it is almost impossible to go wrong with a handshake, it’s always a good idea to hold back when in doubt. By observing your environment closely, you will learn quickly where people draw the line between cordiality and intrusiveness. You need to learn not to cross that line. You may notice that in some cultures men are very touchy-feely with each other. Hugs may be a regular way of...
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