...Bediako Kwame Student’s Name Class Date Bediako Kwame The aspect of African traditional religion has been a debate for a long time. Many theologians have tried to explain the many aspects of the African religion. What they believed in, how people should relate to one another and even the view about death and afterlife. Before the coming of missionaries and the introduction of Christianity African had their traditional religion that not only helped in bringing them together but was used to ask for favors from their gods. African theologians have been trying to establish the relationship between Christianity and African traditional religion. One bone of contention that theologians face is on the relationship between Christians and their dead ancestors. Among the Africans death does not mark the end of the human relationship as they consider those who die to have entered the spirit world. African theology is the key to understanding Christianity in Africa. The saying that it is ill-advised to run randomly in African forests is quite applicable in the case of African theology. It is always advisable to get the guidance of someone who identifies with its paths and the landscape. This essay will, therefore, look into the life of Bediako Kwame as a guide as to understanding African Christian theology. The essay will look into the biographical details and description of historical, social, cultural, economic and political factors within which he lived and worked. Moreover...
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... By definition, Christian values are those ideals or principles which Christianity as a religion cherishes. They refer to the values derived from the teachings of Jesus and taught by Christians throughout the history of the religion. Following the emergence of Christianity on the Nigerian scene in the 15th century, there has been a strong transference of the ideals of the faith on local lives resulting in changes in attitude, moral, social and marital behaviours. The Igbo culture of the Eastern part of Nigeria as a recipient of the Christian faith bears the weight of the religion’s values, thus, reflecting in her own cultural values. In an attempt to fathom the extent of the influence of the Western culture/Christian values on the African culture (specifically the Igbo culture of Nigeria) some historical and sociological perspectives becomes necessary to mirror this influence where it exists. Going down memory lane, the missionaries came to Igbo land in 1857, where they met...
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...Describe the roles and duties of man and women in ATR In the African traditional religion both men and women have important roles they play in the proceedings. Most noted belief in the African traditional religion is that there is only one creator who is above all things .They believe that the creator has all the attributes of God in that he is all powerful , all present all knowing . In this paper the writer would mainly focus on the roles of women and men in the African traditional religion in zimbabwe. The major difference in African traditional religion is the way the Africans communicate or worship God. Different names like Mwari, Musikavanhu and uNkulunkulu are given to God in Zimbabwe. Notable is that, the names are in singular not plural indicating one God. In Zimbabwe there are different ways they practice to worship God .The God is believed to provide the needs of the people, heal them in sickness and protect them from evil powers .However the God is not contacted directly, he is communicated to through the hierarchy of the spirits of dead ancestors. This means that for one relay his or her message to God the generational hierarchy that will pass on the message until it reaches God. The name Mudzimu is used for the spirit of the dead ancestors. In the process women would brew beer which is believed to appease the spirit of the dead. This act cause the spirit to possess one of the living then communication starts. Women play a vital role in the brewing of...
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...ATR vs. Taoism All the religions of the world differ from each other in many different ways, but some have very synonymous concepts and origins. In this case, ATR (African traditional religion) will be compared to Taoism. Now, African traditional religion is a label referring to a variety of religions indigenous to Africa. Like tribal religions from other parts of the world, African religious traditions are defined largely along community lines. Traditional African religions involve teachings, practices, and rituals that lend structure to indigenous African societies. These traditional African religions also play a large part in the cultural understanding and awareness of the people of their communities. Now, Taoism also known as Daoism refers to a variety of religious traditions that have played a major role in East Asia for over 2 thousand years. Taoist thought generally focuses on nature, men-cosmos correspondence, health, longevity, action through inaction, liberty, and spontaneity. Taoism has a few concepts that differ from ATR that I would like to point out. For example, Taoism has a “founder”.Laozi is the founder of Taoism who lived in 6th century BC. Taoism have a different kind of belief in deity. Taoist believes the supreme being/ultimate truth is beyond words or any conceptual understanding. When asked to name it, it is referred to as Tao or the Way. The Power of the Way is referred to as Te. Although Tao and Te are similar to other practices' ideas of God...
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...attention to the family. They contribute to the agriculture and rural businesses and supporting the local economy and globally. Thus, a woman is an effective element in pursuit towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. However, every day woman facing in various parts of the world, continuing structural barriers prevent the full enjoyment of their human rights, and undermine their efforts to improve their lives and the lives of those around them. There are some elements leads to those situations for example education, economics, religion, culture and tradition. To begin with, The debate surrounding the impact of different facets of Africa’s triple heritage and as a result of traditional African religion, Christianity and Islam, a woman has been re-surged on the status of African. The role and place of Man in every religion is very well predetermined in the main religious of the world mostly Christianity and Islam however this role and place of woman leaves a lot to be desired. In most areas, low representation of women in politics and decision-making circles progress has been made in the field of political representation For women since 1995, and included Africa and large parts of Asia, where the cases appeared with a clear increase in the presence of women in parliaments. Rwanda has achieved, surprisingly, significant gains in this area, where women now represent 56% of the parliament, compared to 17% in 1995. 28 As at the global level, there is still a gap...
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...wholeness. These natives created a society where African traditional religions embraced all aspects of life. Juju (also known to western as Voodoo or vodun) is one of these many religions that are widely practice in West Africa and the Americas. Unlike the strict parameters that are drawn in western religions between the secular and non secular world, Juju is a traditional religion that is all surrounding in all aspect of ones life. This essay will focus on Juju religion in West Africa and how it end up in the Americas. In modern day, most people in the western world have been taught to tribute Juju existence and development exclusively to the Fon tribe who inhabit the country of Benin in West Africa. However, there are more than thirty five different ethnic groups in West Africa who are responsible for the development of Juju religion. Another popular misconception regarding Juju’s religion is that it was developed in Haiti by African slaves who were transported to the new world. This theory is wrong, due to Haiti only been an independent republic since 1804, and some anthropologists have estimated Juju to be as much as 10,000 years old. Juju religion was already well established, completely developed and widely practice religion prior to its arrival in Haiti. Juju is also the official religion in Benin, the only African country that still proudly recognizes it as traditional religion. Western faith are been imposed to other African countries in order to legitimize themselves...
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...Jeff Bray Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models...............................................2 1.1 Consumer behaviour & consumer decision making ............................................2 1.2 Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behaviour..............................3 1.3 Economic Man .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Psychodynamic Approach ...................................................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References.................
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...Jeff Bray Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models...............................................2 1.1 Consumer behaviour & consumer decision making ............................................2 1.2 Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behaviour..............................3 1.3 Economic Man .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Psychodynamic Approach ...................................................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References..............................
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...Jeff Bray Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models...............................................2 1.1 Consumer behaviour & consumer decision making ............................................2 1.2 Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behaviour..............................3 1.3 Economic Man .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Psychodynamic Approach ...................................................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References..................................
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...ISBN 978‐9948‐03‐638‐8 Q uality Congress Middle East 2 Dubai (7-9 April, 2008) Creating an Architecture of Quality and Excellence in the Middle East: Responsibilities, Challenges and Strategies Proceedings of Congress Edited by Najwa Sami Dham & Syed Aziz Anwar e‐TQM College P.O. Box 71400 Dubai United Arab Emirates (1) ISBN 978‐9948‐03‐638‐8 Table of Contents Foreword ___________________________________________________________________ 6 Professor Mohamed Zairi, Chairman, Quality Congress Middle East 2 ______________________ 6 Research Papers ______________________________________________________________ 7 TQM and its Implementation in Higher Education of Iran _________________________ S.A. Siadat _____________________________________________________________________ M. Mokhtaripour _________________________________________________________________ R. Hoveida _____________________________________________________________________ 8 8 8 8 Quality: From Where to Where? ___________________________________________ 12 Alan Brown ___________________________________________________________________ 12 The Impact of Educational Quality Models on Schools’ Performance in Dubai ________ 20 Kalthoom Al Balooshi ____________________________________________________________ 20 Wafi Dawood __________________________________________________________________ 20 Management Education and Development in the United Kingdom _________________...
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