...TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEMS 1 Combating Congestion Utilizing Adaptive Traffic Signal Systems Gregory Blazina University of St Francis MBAD 656 – Transportation Management & Economics Donald Maier PH.D. August 10, 2007 TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEMS 2 Abstract Traffic congestion is an inescapable problem in large and growing metropolitan areas across the country. With 88% of America’s daily commuters using private vehicles, eliminating traffic congestion is practically impossible. The challenge then becomes finding the best methods to manage congestion as to minimize its impact on commuters, the environment, and the economy. The field of transportation engineering continues to grow and expand with an increasing use of advanced technologies to reduce congestion within our nation’s roadways. One set of technologies, which has evolved over the past 30 years and shows excellent potential for improving traffic conditions in urban areas is advanced traffic signal systems. These systems are the focus of this paper. TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEMS 3 Congestion has traditionally been labeled as a problem to be solved. Between 1980 and 1999, vehicle miles of travel on U.S. roadways grew by 76 percent, while lane miles increased by only 3 percent. Average daily vehicle volumes in urban areas rose by 43...
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...Traffic has always been a problem when driving in a big city. There are many improvements that can be done to fix or lessen the amount of traffic throughout a city. Such things as wider roads (i.e. super highways), monorails, and even for some to re-take their driving tests. The use of monorails within a city as a means of public transportation would be a great way to get from point A to point B, without having to use a personal vehicle and therefore decreasing the amount of vehicles on the road. A downside to using a monorail is the cost. Currently the Bombardier MVI that is being used in Las Vegas, NV, costs $88 million per mile. Expensive yet effective. This would help cut down on the amount of stop and go traffic. Another helpful agenda that would reduce the flow of stop and go traffic is if each state were to issue a bill, stating that a driver after a certain age must retake their driving test. As stated by Moore, Peter in Front Page and Life, “Most Americans think that 75-year olds should have to re-sit their driving tests in order to keep on driving, while people also it’s about as difficult as it should be to get a license in the first place.” Can you think back to a time where you were on your way to say either a doctor’s appointment or running a tad bit late for work and you happen to get stuck behind a slow moving elderly person that clearly wasn’t even driving the speed limit? Having a set age limit by each state for the elderly to retake their driving test should...
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...comes congestion and transportation downfalls. This is where a proven public transportation system must step up to maintain a fluid and affordable way for the population to continue traveling with ease. The Dallas Area Rapid Transit, or DART, is a transportation system located in Dallas, as well as twelve surrounding cities. It easily helps our community commute from Point A to Point B. DART Rail is the chosen transportation method for thousands of passengers. The year 2012 marked 250 million passenger trips since its opening in 1996. Currently the DART Rail is the largest electric light rail system in the nation covering a total of 90 miles with 62 stations. DART is a proven transportation system that not only eases congestion, but simplifies our community’s travels. Currently, DART Rail has five major lines; The Red, Blue, Green, Orange Lines, as well as the Trinity Railway Express. The Red Line extends from Parker Road Station to the Westmoreland Station. The Blue Line goes from Downtown Rowlett Station to Ledbetter Station which is south of Dallas. The Green Line is from North Carrolton/Frankford Station to the Buckner Station. A passenger can also take the Orange line and reach DFW airport, hassle free, and avoid leaving their vehicle in an unattended, but very expensive parking lot. We propose to expand DART rail trains from Firewheel to Beltline. This would not only allow people to commute a greater distance without the hassle of a car and traffic, but would...
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...Montjoy 2006). Following that evacuation process, the Governor of Louisiana, Kathleen Blanco, ordered the DOTD to form a new task force in an effort to revise the existing Contraflow Plan. Over the course of the next year, the state police force, the DOTD, the American Red Cross, and the Louisiana Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness developed a new traffic plan for the evacuation of New Orleans. This improved plan recommended a phased evacuation process that emphasized greater coordination between parishes, and additionally funded the creation of several new entrance ramps in order to assist the continuous flow of traffic over the course of the evacuation process (Kiefer and Montjoy...
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...Ramp Metering Term Paper Progress Report Name: Naeem Rezghi Student ID: 8722229076 Course: Traffic Engineering, CIV4116 -S12 Instructor: Mr. Peyman Misaghi Date: J uly 1, 2012 T able of Contents 1- Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 2- History .............................................................................................................................. 4 3- Ramp Metering Algorithms .......................................................................................... 5 3-1- S ystem Architecture .............................................................................................. 5 3-2- Release Algorithm .................................................................................................. 6 3-3- A rbitration Algorithm .............................................................................................. 7 3-4- S witch On- Off Algorithm ....................................................................................... 8 3-5- Q ueue Override Algorithm .................................................................................... 9 3-6- Q ueue Management Algorithm ........................................................................... 9 3-7- Ramp Metering Algorithm ...................................................................................10 3-8- Data Filtering Algorithm: .................
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...goods from one destination to another without crossing over oceans. An example of this would be using the Mississippi River as a trade route to transport goods from Canada to the Gulf Coast. Though Short Sea Shipping has been around for centuries, today’s over-congestion of North American highway trade and travel has created a greater demand for this method of transportation. It has already proven to be a successful mean of shipping and is currently at the forefront of Europe’s transportation system. The use of this type of shipping has many benefits, including: the potential to alleviate air pollution, reduce accidents and congestion on our freeways, while also saving the shipping companies money. International trade between Asia and the United States’ West Coast ports, transiting through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, is expected to double in volume in the next fifteen years (ESCAP 2010). These greater volumes of commercial traffic are adding to congestion and environmental pressures on landside transportation systems, particularly those associated with the major urban regions on the West Coast. Short Sea Shipping could be considered as a possible strategy for alleviating landside congestion from commercial traffic in Weston 2 urban areas. Short Sea Shipping is a viable strategy within a regional port system. Focusing on specific commodities and goods, a...
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...Autonomous vehicles could transform the way we move. The work that is done now has the opportunity to drive a transformation in the relationship between humans and machines. However, before we jump into using the technology, we need to evaluate whether we are willing to give up control to our cars and whether it is ethical to release technology that could cause harm to innocent people. Autonomous cars offer many benefits, including removing human error from driving, increasing the mobility of people, and decreasing congestion in roadways. While autonomous cars may eventually be safer than self-driving ones, they will never be able to completely avoid accidents-- and when they fail, it could be catastrophic. In cars that have no fallback option...
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...established itself as the leader in car-sharing programs. And while profitability for the business has yet to emerge, the demand is certainly there. Car ownership in many of the largest cities throughout the world has recently been flat or in decline, as major urban centers become increasingly crowded, with cities like Tokyo, New York, and London expected to see declines of car owners per capita over the next 15 years. Of New York residents, only 44 percent own cars. Analysts and researchers estimate 10 million drivers in the United States alone are open to participating in car sharing programs and car-sharing program memberships will rise to around 4.5 million in the United States and 5.5 million in Europe by 2016. The increasing business of car-sharing has already begun to encroach on the market for rental cars, and companies such as Hertz and Enterprise have developed their own car-sharing programs to supplement their rental businesses. Recently one unlikely group of organizations has taken its first steps in this segment as well—namely, automakers themselves. Automakers are hoping to reach this emerging target market in major urban areas—young, well-educated drivers, roughly age 18 to mid-30s, with good salaries, who are actively concerned about sustainability, pollution, and traffic congestion issues. Unlike past generations, they no longer view car ownership as a status symbol; they focus more on the convenience and practicality issues related to car ownership. BMW is looking...
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...The grid operaTor, power MarkeT & prices under Texas eLecTric dereguLaTion ERCOT THE GRID OPERATOR, POWER MARKET & PRICES UNDER TEXAS ELECTRIC DEREGULATION THE STORY OF FEBRUARY 2011 A SPECIAL RESEARCH PROJECT BY THE STEERING COMMITTEE OF CITIES SERVED BY ONCOR & THE TEXAS COALITION FOR AFFORDABLE POWER The sTory of ercoT AMARILLO LUBBOCK PLANO FORT WORTH ABILENE MIDLAND/ODESSA WACO DALLAS ALPINE AUSTIN HOUSTON SAN ANTONIO CORPUS CHRISTI LAREDO THE ERCOT REGION The grid operaTor, power MarkeT & prices under Texas eLecTric dereguLaTion THE STORY OF ERCOT ABOUT THIS REPORT The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, also known as ERCOT, is the non-profit corporation that oversees the Texas power grid. The organization also has responsibility for settling transactions in the state’s wholesale spot market for electricity. But the term “ERCOT” also is used loosely in other ways. For instance, the term can describe the geographical footprint for retail electric deregulation in Texas. It is also sometimes used to describe the state’s wholesale energy market. This report touches upon policy questions relating to all these conceptualizations of ERCOT: as an organization, as an energy market, and as the area of Texas with competitive electric suppliers. To distinguish between these meanings, the term “ERCOT” will be used whenever practicable to refer to the organization, “the ERCOT region” will be used to refer to deregulated areas of the state...
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...established itself as the leader in car-sharing programs. And while profitability for the business has yet to emerge, the demand is certainly there. Car ownership in many of the largest cities throughout the world has recently been flat or in decline, as major urban centers become increasingly crowded, with cities like Tokyo, New York, and London expected to see declines of car owners per capita over the next 15 years. Of New York residents, only 44 percent own cars. Analysts and researchers estimate 10 million drivers in the United States alone are open to participating in car sharing programs and car-sharing program memberships will rise to around 4.5 million in the United States and 5.5 million in Europe by 2016. The increasing business of car-sharing has already begun to encroach on the market for rental cars, and companies such as Hertz and Enterprise have developed their own car-sharing programs to supplement their rental businesses. Recently one unlikely group of organizations has taken its first steps in this segment as well—namely, automakers themselves. Automakers are hoping to reach this emerging target market in major urban areas—young, well-educated drivers, roughly age 18 to mid-30s, with good salaries, who are actively concerned about sustainability, pollution, and traffic congestion issues. Unlike past generations, they no longer view car ownership as a status symbol; they focus more on the convenience and practicality issues related to car ownership. BMW is looking...
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...vehicles. For A fee, the lanes are available to single occupancy vehicles (SOV). Using dynamic pricing, the cost of using the lane can vary based on the demand for usage. Managed lanes use price and occupancy restrictions to manage the number of vehicles traveling on them, HOT lanes maintain volumes consistent with uncongested levels of service even during peak travel periods At times of peak usage, tolls will be higher for SOVs but they will remain free for those vehicles that meet the vehicle occupancy requirement. The concept is that as the parallel general use lanes slow down due to volume, commuters will be willing to pay more for an option that is less congested. “In theory, the toll could fluctuate throughout the day to keep the traffic in the HOT lane flowing smoothly at all times”. (Gillingham, Harrington, Safirova, & Nelson,...
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...PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: • PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CONSISTS OF A VARIETY OF SERVICES INCLUDING: BUSES, TROLLEYS AND LIGHT RAIL, COMMUTER TRAINS, STREETCARS, CABLE CARS, VAN POOL SERVICES, PARATRANSIT SERVICES FOR SENIOR CITIZENS AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, FERRIES AND WATER TAXIES, AND MONORAILS AND TRAMWAYS. • There are more than 6,500 providers of public and community transportation offering Americans the opportunity and the choice to travel by means other than a car. • Approximately 1,500 agencies provide bus service, 5,960 provide paratransit services, 80 provide rail service, and 150 provide other modes of public transportation. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION INCREASING RIDERSHIP: • THE AMERICAN PUBLIC SHOWED ITS SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AS 76% OF ALL BALLOT INITIATIVES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PASSES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY IN NOVEMBER 2008, EVEN AS THE ECONOMY SLOWED. • In 2007, Americans took 10.3 billion trips on public transportation – the highest ridership level in 50 years. • 34 million times each weekday, people board public transportation. Since 1995 public transportation ridership is up 32 percent. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROVIDES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY: • EVERY $1 INVESTED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS GENERATES APPROXIMATELY $6 IN LOCAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. • Every $10 million in capital investment in public transportation yields $30 million in increased business sales. • Every $10 million...
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...ST. Augustine Lighthouse & Museum Our intention for this trip was to leave on Friday after Thanksgiving. I wanted to take my 1-year-old grandson with us, as he loves to ride the train. Choosing the Ripley’s train tour because I think it is the most convenient to get off and back on when exploring the many stops they have to offer. In addition to the convenience of getting off and on at will, a narrated history lesson is also included free of charge. On Black-Friday, we started our journey although later than originally planned due to traffic congestion of crazed shoppers. Changing our plans according to our delays, we parked at Sugar Mill Train station to embark on our tour. Our narrator like always was very enthusiastic quickly catching all of our attention in the process. I originally anticipated departing to look around the Presbyterian Church. Unfortunately, due to our late start we were all-hungry and decided instead to get off at St. George Street. My grandson really loved the tram ride and was not at all interested in getting off. Luckily, a distraction by a horse and carriage and the mention of ice cream he soon forgot all about the train. After a snack, a little shopping and a lengthy stroll we were ready to finish our train tour. Completing the train tour, we then chose the lighthouse for our next destination instead of the Fort. Upon arrival to the lighthouse, we were soon disappointed when they would not allow my grandson to be carried to the top...
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...------------------------------------------------- Air pollution From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Bad air quality" redirects here. For the obsolete medical theory, see Bad air. "Air quality" redirects here. For the measure of how polluted the air is, see Air quality index. Not to be confused with Qualities of air. Air pollution from a World War II wartime production plant Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Indoor air pollution (see Airlog) and urban air quality are listed as two of the World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith InstituteWorld's Worst Polluted Places report.[1] ------------------------------------------------- Pollutants Main articles: Pollutant and Greenhouse gas Before flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide. Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid...
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...THE USE OF OPERATIONS OBJECTIVES AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS White Paper February 15, 2010 Prepared for: Federal Highway Administration Federal Transit Administration FHWA-HOP-10-029 Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. FHWA-HOP-10-029 4. Title and Subtitle The Use of Operations Objectives and Performance Measures in Private and Public Organizations White Paper 7. Authors Jocelyn Bauer, Kelley Pecheux, Michael Smith, Zachary Fletcher 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) 8301 Greensboro Drive McLean, VA 22102 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Ave., SE Washington, DC 20590 15. Supplementary Notes Mr. Richard Backlund, Federal Highway Administration, COTM 16. Abstract This paper examines lessons and insights from private companies and public organizations that may apply to agencies in the United States working to advance transportation...
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