...(2001), will be used to refer to public transport throughout this research. Brief history of Public Transport A general historical overview of public transport is outlined from the perspective of Rodrigue et al., (2013). They intimate that urban transport can be categorized into collective, individual and freight transportation. In most instances, passengers and freight movements complement each other, however, they tend to be competing for passengers, the use of available land and other transport infrastructures at times. The walking-horsecar era (1800–1890s):...
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...References AFCAP/ Durham University, (2013). TRANSPORT SERVICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON POVERTY AND GROWTH IN RURAL SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Africa Region - The World Bank; I.T. Transport Ltd, (1996). Sub–Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program. Promoting Intermediate Means of Transport. The World Bank. Asian Development Bank, (2003). Road Funds and Road Maintenance - An Asian Perspective. Manila,: Asian Development Bank. Bentil, N. (2009). ACCRA ROADS DEADLY AFTER RAINS. [Blog] Development Ghana. Department for International Development, (2000). Appropriate and Efficient Maintenance of Low Cost Rural Roads. London: Department for International Development. German Technical Cooperation, (1991). Financing Road Maintenance in West Africa. Eschborn: German Technical Cooperation. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, (1991). Intermediate Means of Transport in - Sub-Saharan Africa Its Potential for Improving Rural Travel and Transport. Washington, DC.: The World Bank. Kodero, K. (2005). PRO-POOR TRANSPORT POLICY Meeting the Challenge in Zimbabwe. Transpolicy, 1. Metschies, G. and Rausch, E. (2000). Financing road maintenance in West Africa. 1st ed. Eschborn: GTZ. Okoko, E. (2011). RURAL TRANSPORTATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE INSTANCE OF AKWAPIM SOUTH DISTRICT IN GHANA. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 2(3), pp.10-24. Oruonye, E. (2014). An Assessment of the Impact of Road Construction on Land Use Pattern in Urban Centres...
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...STATEMENT: Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. In Ghana, poverty is primarily rural, with the northern regions recording the highest incidence of poverty in the country (GSS, 2007). Low agriculture productivity, undeveloped markets and lack of gainful wage employment opportunities as well as restrictive access of the less endowed to productive resources have been identified as the major causes of poverty. Governmental policies hardly favour rural areas, leading to rural-urban migration. The number of job opportunities in these poor remote areas is limited and therefore, standard of living in rural areas is generally low. Farming activities which is taunted as the backbone of the economy is left to the old-aged to pursue since the youth sees farming as an activity for people who ‘have nothing to do’. Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. According to the FAO (2015), the severity of the natural resource constraints facing the rural poor in Ghana requires that government focus a good number of projects on natural resource management. Many rural areas in Ghana have natural resources that are untapped. The majority of the rural poor are smallholder farmers, who are responsible for most global food production. Helping them to improve farm...
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...TERM PAPER NAME: Richmond Sagoe TOPIC: Eliminating poverty in rural areas in Ghana THESIS STATEMENT: Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. In Ghana, poverty is primarily rural, with the northern regions recording the highest incidence of poverty in the country (GSS, 2007). Low agriculture productivity, undeveloped markets and lack of gainful wage employment opportunities as well as restrictive access of the less endowed to productive resources have been identified as the major causes of poverty. Governmental policies hardly favour rural areas, leading to rural-urban migration. The number of job opportunities in these poor remote areas is limited and therefore, standard of living in rural areas is generally low. Farming activities which is taunted as the backbone of the economy is left to the old-aged to pursue since the youth sees farming as an activity for people who ‘have nothing to do’. Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. According to the FAO (2015), the severity of the natural resource constraints facing the rural poor in Ghana requires that government focus a good number of projects on natural resource management. Many rural areas in Ghana have natural resources that are untapped. The majority of the rural poor are smallholder...
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...Local Transportation in Ghana There are a lot of options for travel within Ghana. Sadly, not all drivers are licensed. Use your judgment on the condition and appearance of the vehicle and the operator before using any mode of transportation. Insurance and registration stickers are displayed in the front windscreen of all vehicles in Ghana, allowing easy verification that the vehicle is current. Most road accidents in Ghana are caused because of tires that are in poor condition. Taxis All taxis have orange corners. Some are comfortable, with law-abiding drivers and air conditioning for an extra fee. Others are filthy death traps with unlicensed drivers. Use your judgment on the condition and appearance of the car and driver before using a taxi. Passing taxis that you flag on the street are referred to as "dropping" taxis, and they will take you directly to your destination. There are also dropping taxis that wait for passengers at various locations, but taking a parked dropping taxi is always more expensive than flagging a taxi that is driving by. When a taxi stops, greet him through the open car window and ask how he is doing. After a proper greeting, tell him where you are going and determine that he knows the destination. When he tells you to "get in", your reply should be "How much?" Always negotiate with the taxi driver before you get into the taxi. Otherwise you will pay double the rate, or more. See our tips on Paying for Things. ...
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...Mobile Rapid Clinic GH LTD 2011 The Ghana Community Responsive Integrated “Rapid Clinic” Network Creating Local Ownership and Rapid Access to Healthcare Services & Bringing Specialty Medical Services to Local Communities A Public-Private Self Sustainable Venture Presented by Dr. J. KwekuLaast MD, MPH Accra Ghana Mobile Rapid Clinic GH LTD 2011 The Ghana Community Responsive Integrated “Rapid Clinic” Network Creating Local Ownership and Rapid Access to Healthcare Services & Bringing Specialty Medical Services to Local Communities A Public-Private Self Sustainable Venture Presented by Dr. J. KwekuLaast MD, MPH Accra Ghana TABLE OF CONTENTS Concept Summary 5 Vision, Mission Corporate Objectives 6 Background 7 The Solution 8 The Model 8 Location and Branding 8 SWOT 9 Markets And Competitive Strategy 10 Pictures 12 The Ghana Community Responsive Integrated “Rapid Clinic” Network Presented By Email: klaastgh@gmail.com Concept Summary Despite large investments in public hospitals and polyclinics in many developing countries, and fledging health insurance programs, large numbers of the general public lack access to basic medical services even in the cities. In Ghana, the national health insurance scheme was established to reduce the disparity in access to health care. Although it has been successful in increasing the number of people who can...
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...Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13, 2006 EXPRESSES THANKS TO YOU, HONOURABLE CHAIRPERSON, FOR THE KIND INVITATION EXTENDED TO DELIVER THIS PRESENTATION AND WELCOMES THE PARTICIPANTS TO THIS WORKSHOP Financing BioFuels and Jatropha Plantation Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13, 2006 Financing BioFuels and Jatropha Plantation Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13, 2006 Financing BioFuels and Jatropha Plantation Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13, 2006 •CDM is a mechanism to monetize environmental value of proenvironmental projects established in response to global climate change. •CDM enables developed countries with high CO2 reduction costs, to meet the shortfall of allowed emissions at a lower cost than achieving the reduction domestically. •To Developing countries, the CDM presents an opportunity to attract investment from developed countries to environmentally sound projects assisting in sustainable development. •Optimum size of the project for CDM financing to be analyzed. This is in terms of CER’s per year (I.e. Certified Emission Reductions OR Tons of CO2 per year). Financing BioFuels and Jatropha Plantation Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13, 2006 Financing BioFuels and Jatropha Plantation Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13, 2006 Petrol Diesel Import Bill Domestic 30% 2006-2007 10 MMT 52 MMT US $ 43.3 Billion Doubled in 2 years 2011-2012 13 MMT 67 MMT ? ? Financing BioFuels and Jatropha Plantation Projects Accra, Ghana-November 13...
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...The country of Ghana also known as the Republic of Ghana is not as well known as others like Egypt, Guinea, Nigeria, and Ethiopia, but still is important and loved by many. Ghana has many ethnic groups which are diverse and have unique traditions. They are blessed with a very large and beautiful coastline which is 335 miles long. They use their coastline to their advantage by fishing and farming. Location Ghana is shaped like a rectangle and is located in west Africa with an area of 92,098 square miles which is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Oregon. Ghana has a total land length of 1,301 miles (Gall, Gall, and Gleason, 2012). Accra is Ghana's capital which is also the largest city with Kumasi coming in at second, Tamale is the...
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...Newsletter Consumer Price Index (CPI) May 2015 New series Ghana Statistical Service Statistical Newsletter, Ghana Republic ofNo. B12-2003 Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) P.O. Box GP 1098, Accra Tel: +233-302-682677, +233-302-664382 Fax No. +233-302-664304 June 10, 2015 Inflation Rate for May 2015 is 16.9% The Consumer Price Index The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change over time in the general price level of goods and services that households acquire for the purpose of consumption, with reference to the price level in 2012, the base year, which has an index of 100. May 2015 rate of inflation The year-on-year inflation rate as measured by the CPI stood at 16.9 percent in May 2015, up by 0.1 percentage point from the 16.8 percent recorded in April 2015 (Table 1). This rate of inflation for May 2015 is the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the twelve-month period, from May 2014 to May 2015. The monthly change rate for May 2015 was 1.0 percent compared to the 1.8 percent recorded for April 2015. Food and non-food inflation The Food and non-alcoholic beverages group Table 1: Consumer Price Index (CPI), May 2014 to 2015 Year / Month May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Change rate (%) Index 2012 = 100 Monthly (m/m) Yearly (y/y) 126.9 0.9 14.8 129.0 1.6 15.0 131.0 1.6 15.3 130.7 -0.2 15.9 130.5 -0.2 16.5 133...
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...the following: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone Australia is known as one of the biggest net exporter of coal in the globe. Climate—arid, tropical, and so forth The climate of Ghana changes from wet to dry. The country is divided by the tropic of Capricorn, and it is proximate to the equator. However, Northern Australia experience tropical climate while Southern Australia experiences temperate one. Infrastructure—paved roads, airports, and so forth The country has 39, 409 roads. The first 11, 653 km was built in 1997. During that year, a 953-km railway network was also made. • The road network of Australia was able to include 817, 000 km. • An estimate of 657,000 was under the supervision of the local government. However, there are still state-controlled road in the country. • The number of bridges in the country is an estimate of 37, 000 • A lot of passengers in the country use road. • Public movement is the primary form of transportation in Australia. Like in Melbourne, 80 % of the people use public transport. Population distribution—urban to rural Rural population in Ghana: 11519730.8 Urban population in Ghana: 11192672.2 Rural population in...
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...Case Study 1 – Debating the Merits of Globalisation Q1.) After studying the case study, it is clear that there are a number of drawbacks to globalisation. Hill (2014), describes globalisation as the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge ‘global marketplace’. Firstly, the case study argues that globalisation has had detrimental effects on the natural environment. An increase in transport between countries due to international trade has resulted in increased CO2 emissions. Huwart et al (2013) argues that the aeroplane has been the main mode of transport to characterise globalisation, seeing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions by 86% between 1990 and 2004 due to aviation. However, globalisation is not only effecting the natural environment, it’s also using up it’s finite resources more quickly. For example, China joined the world trade organisation in December 2001. By 2008, it’s coal use had doubled (Tverberg, 2013). The next drawbacks according to the case study are: local job losses (leading to devastation in local economies), exploited workers in LEDC’s and child labour. Globalisation transfers jobs from developed countries to less developed countries – known as offshoring. Cavusgil et al (2013:76) defines offshoring as “the relocation of manufacturing and other value-chain activities to cost effective locations abroad.” E.g. In the US, the % of US citizens with jobs began to drop around roughly the same time China joined the WTO...
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...The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies (ISSN 2321 -9203) www.theijhss.com THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Teacher Absenteeism and its Impact on Quality Education: A Case Study of the Public Schools in the Abesim Circuit of the Sunyani Municipality Samuel Tieku Gyansah Lecturer, Centre for Continuing Education, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Gabriel Esilfie Lecturer, Centre for Continuing Education, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Agnes Atta Tutor, Methodist Primary School, Abesim, Ghana Abstract: This study is a case study that reveals that teacher absenteeism in the Abesim circuit was as a result of most teachers commuting long distances to their respective schools. Some of the teachers who were on the Distance Education programmes often left for their Study Centres in Sunyani, Kumasi, Accra, Cape Coast on Fridays thereby absenting themselves from school. A sample size of 50 was used for the study and the main sampling techniques was the simple random and purposive sampling methods. The circuit is made up of ten public basic schools in 3villages. The main tools for gathering data were questionnaires, interviews and observations. The statistical tool used in the analysis of the data included percentages derived from frequencies and these were presented in tables. Conclusions drawn were that teacher absenteeism in the Abesim circuit led to the teachers’ inability to complete syllabi, there were poor examination...
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...INTRODUCTION Grace Kennedy was established 88 years ago as a small privately owned trading company. Since that time it has expanded and diversified and become a publicly traded conglomerate with 60 subsidiaries involved in several industries including financial, insurance, remittance, hardware retailing, food processing and food distribution. These subsidiaries are spread throughout the Caribbean and the United Kingdom. In 1995 Grace Kennedy formulated its 2020 vision with the objective to transform itself from a Jamaican trading company to a global consumer group with roots in Jamaica. 2006 saw this vision being broadened as the company undertook a strategic reorganization under the theme “designing Grace Kennedy for the 21st century,” aimed at expanding operations within the Caribbean and internationally improving efficiency, innovation and profitability. Through its subsidiary Grace Foods, Grace Kennedy has established itself as the Caribbean’s largest supplier of Caribbean and other ethnic foods to over 38 countries globally; with retail presence throughout the Caribbean, the United States and the United Kingdom. GK Foods’ culture of innovation over the years has allowed it to respond positively to market adjustments with adjustments of its own in regards to its product offerings and cost saving operations. Grace Foods operates through eleven subsidiary companies and independent distributors selling products including beverages, canned meats and fish, chips, coconut...
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...phenomenon using examples from any two countries. Starting from the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution led to an incontestable migration from the countryside to the city as industries agglomerated in the centre of Western cities. A century later, as industrialization gained what is known as the developing world, classical economists such as Lewis predicted large waves of migration that would transform the urban space into an industrial site. Yet, the most noticeable phenomenon of migration was a rise and establishment of an informal sector, comprising up to 90% of jobs and 70% of GDP production in countries like India. Are these results perverse, i.e. contrary to the accepted or expected norm? Looking specifically at cities in Ghana and Pakistan, while economic policies must take some blame for the lack of industrialisation, the rise and perseverance of an informal sector results of the confrontational and antagonising policies taken against rural to urban migration, which itself was misunderstood by authorities. More recent research proves that while the informal sector remains as prominent, it is not incompatible with the development of industry. The traditional explanation of migration towards cities (rural-urban migration) is laid out by Lewis in a model that emphasises how the economy goes through structural change. The Lewis model assumes a dualistic economy, where a productive industrial/manufacturing sector sets wages WM at the marginal product of labour contrasts...
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...Throughout the post-classical era, Afro-Eurasian trade routes saw many startling progressions in technology, but the goods they traded and many other things stayed the same. The Bedouins suffered as trade routes changed and coastal traders became more wealthy, and Islam spread through Africa through these routes. In the 1st century BCE, Trans-Saharan trade was a prominent part of the classical period. During this time, nomads and traders used camels to transport their goods, which were mainly salt and palm oil. A new development also came with the implementation of camels- the camel saddle. During the Roman Empire, the Trans-Saharan trade route also brought olives, wheat, and wild animals to European countries. This trade declined after the fall of the Romans. In the 7th and 8th centuries, trade thrived in Africa because of the arrival of Islam. Nomads called bebers spread Islam almost entirely through North Africa by 700 CE. The berbers brought with them a whole rejuvenated trade system, and new goods from all over Africa. West Africans, also affected by these Islamic merchants, traded ivory, slaves, and gold for horses, salt, and textiles....
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