...Chapter 4 1. Explain what is meant by a chronic and acute health impairment. * Chronic Chronic is when the health impairment is long term. Chronic health impairments are defined to last more than a year after the first diagnosis. One example is diabetes. Pg. 83-84 * Acute Acute is when the health impairment is short term. Acute health impairments are ones that can be helped in a shorter time and not lasting over a life span. Pg. 83 2. Describe the impact of visible versus invisible related to health impairments. * When an impairment is visible there are more precautions and adaptions made. Pg. 84 * The people that interact with the person with a visible health impairment would know and not be surprised when something happens. Pg 84 * Although when health impairments are invisible some people may not be known as really ill and get the treatment and excess aid they need. Pg. 84 * They also may interact in activities that could be dangerous to them. Pg. 84 Asthma 3. Define Asthma and provide 4 facts about it. * Definition * Asthma is the most common pulmonary disease of childhood. Pg. 84 * 4 Facts * Asthma can begin in infancy or develop later in life. Pg. 84 * Asthma is a disease in result of many factors in that genetic predisposition interacts with circumstances in the environment. Pg. 85 * It develops beginning with allergen-induced inflammation followed by a consolidation phase characterized...
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...Methods 7 Search Strategy 7 Exclusion/ Inclusion Criteria 8 Relevant Information 8 Results 9 Discussion of Results 12 Epidemiological information linking type 2 diabetes to AD 16 Insulin-signaling abnormalities in Alzheimer disease affected brain 17 Diabetes drugs in treatment for AD 19 Treatments regimens for type 2 diabetes Mellitus and their potential in treating AD 23 Thiazolidinediones (TZDs). 23 Metformin. 23 Amylin and Leptin analogs. 24 Findings 26 Interpretation of Results 26 Limitations 28 Future Research 29 Conclusion 31 References 32 Abstract Type 2 diabetic drugs could serve as potential in the treating Alzheimer’s disease. AD is a dementia defined by partial or total loss of memory. The risk of development of AD increases with age. Different therapeutic approaches have been employed when it comes to treatment of AD. Results of indicate that diabetic drugs are effective in treating Alzheimer ’s disease. Despite efforts directed at treatment of the condition, the results have not been satisfactory. This could be attributed to the early or late onset of AD pathogenesis while at the same time being underpinned by various mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting the effectiveness of type 2 diabetic drugs in treatment of AD. Research has focused on understanding the possibility of using Type 2 diabetic drugs in the treatment of AD. In this paper, a research review is conducted to expand on the potential use of T2DM diabetic drugs in treating AD...
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...Methods 7 Search Strategy 7 Exclusion/ Inclusion Criteria 8 Relevant Information 8 Results 9 Discussion of Results 12 Epidemiological information linking type 2 diabetes to AD 16 Insulin-signaling abnormalities in Alzheimer disease affected brain 17 Diabetes drugs in treatment for AD 19 Treatments regimens for type 2 diabetes Mellitus and their potential in treating AD 23 Thiazolidinediones (TZDs). 23 Metformin. 23 Amylin and Leptin analogs. 24 Findings 26 Interpretation of Results 26 Limitations 28 Future Research 29 Conclusion 31 References 32 Abstract Type 2 diabetic drugs could serve as potential in the treating Alzheimer’s disease. AD is a dementia defined by partial or total loss of memory. The risk of development of AD increases with age. Different therapeutic approaches have been employed when it comes to treatment of AD. Results of indicate that diabetic drugs are effective in treating Alzheimer ’s disease. Despite efforts directed at treatment of the condition, the results have not been satisfactory. This could be attributed to the early or late onset of AD pathogenesis while at the same time being underpinned by various mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting the effectiveness of type 2 diabetic drugs in treatment of AD. Research has focused on understanding the possibility of using Type 2 diabetic drugs in the treatment of AD. In this paper, a research review is conducted to expand on the potential use of T2DM diabetic drugs in treating AD. A...
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...currently suffering from Diabetes. Diabetes is described as a condition in which the body does not properly process food for energy (Center for Disease Control). It is explained that, “The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugars to build up in your blood” (Center for Disease Control). This is a serious issue, given that glucose is vital to our health because it is used for energy. People suffering from diabetes have too much glucose in their blood, which leads to serious, detrimental health issues. There are three...
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...TYPE 2 DIABETES 1 Type 2 diabetes TYPE II DIABETES MALLITUS 2 Abstract Diabetes mallitus is a disease in which there are high levels of blood sugar in affected individual. It is also called as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mallitus or Adult Onset Diabets. This disease results due to a defect in the functioning of insulin in the body. It can either be in a form of insulin deficiency, or insulin resistance. Type II diabetes mallitus is a familial disease in some cases where it runs in families. In such cases, it is most commonly a result of weight gain. Obesity is a major risk factor for type II diabetes mallitus in those persons in whom there is a strong family history of diabetes. Normally, the blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dl are considered to be alarming and require confirmatory tests for diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes 3 CAUSES: Type II diabetes mallitus can either be a result of: 1. Insulin deficiency or 2. Insulin resistance. Insulin is basically required for metabolism of the blood glucose, When metabolised by insulin, the glucose is moved to its storage places in the cells and thus used as required. Insulin is produced by the islets of Langerhan’s in the pancreas. A defect in these cells results in a deficiency of insulin. Insulin resistance results due to a resistance...
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...Nursing care plans for Diabetes Mellitus Submitted by lifenurses on Monday, 4 January 2010 2 Comments Nursing care plans for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the level of blood glucose is persistently raised above the normal range. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate. Diabetes mellitus occurs in two primary forms: type 1, characterized by absolute insufficiency, and the more prevalent type 2, characterized by insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (ADA], Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2003. Causes for Diabetes Mellitus The cause of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes remains unknown, although genetic factors may play a role. Diabetes mellitus results from insulin deficiency or resistance. Insulin transports glucose into the cell for use as energy and storage as glycogen. It also stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acid storage. Insulin deficiency or resistance compromises the body tissues’ access to essential nutrients for fuel and storage. The resulting hyperglycemia can damage many of the...
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...Diabetes [Name of Author] [Name of Institution] Question 1 The key area which must be considered for conducting initial assessments for Jazminder is the identification of hyperglycemia. It is recommended that her glucose concentrations for plasma must be measured. A two-hour post load glucose test or an FPG test is recommended by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and WHO for patient susceptible of developing diabetes. Assessment of diabetes is also done through HbA1c in which the hemoglobin HbA1c is measured. This area of assessment has particularly been deemed important by the International Expert Committee (2009). Measurement of HbA1c enables the healthcare providers to assess the blood glucose concentration. The WHO and ADA (2010) has also associated the HbA1c as the major test for diagnosing diabetes. Jazminder is doubtful that she might develop diabetes because her sister has developed recently. However, apparently there is no symptom for the presence of diabetes in diabetes. According to Saudek et al (2008), asymptomatic people may be at the higher risk of developing diabetes. In particular, for people ≥45 years of age, the screening is necessary. Jazminder must be evaluated for HbA1c, 2-h OGTT, and FPG to get appropriate results. It has been recommended by the IDF that it relies over the healthcare provider to decide which screening must essentially be done for respective patient cases. However, the FPG remains the test suggested in almost every...
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...| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | | | | Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is rising at an alarming rate across all age groups in the United States and around the world. Because of the surge of new diagnoses of DM, medical journals are referring to this disorder as an epidemic and pandemic. According to Brass (2014), “diabetes kills one individual every six seconds across the globe, and it is expected to rise 55 percent in the next 20 years” (p. 6). The article goes on to state that according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), “about 26 million individuals in the U.S. or 83 percent of the population have had a diabetes diagnosis (p. 6). Unfortunately this number will only begin to keep climbing and affect future generations to come. Professor Nam Han Cho wrote in a report on diabetes that “if current demographic patterns continue, more than 592 million people (worldwide) will be affected with diabetes within a generation” (Brass, 2014, p.7). Diabetes can be divided up into four categories including the following: Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes. This paper will discuss the aspects of Type 1 diabetes. Information from the article Primary and secondary prevention of Type 1 diabetes was obtained from the Wiley Online Library database using the search terms diabetes type 1, and prevention. The Wiley Online Library database was also used to obtain information from the article titled...
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...Type 1 Diabetes, once known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is an unending condition in which the pancreas delivers practically some or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone needed to permit sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. It is also sometimes known as juvenile diabetes, because it usually developed in children and teenagers, but now found to be developed at any age. ORGAN SYSTEMS/ORGANS AFFECTED The organ systems/organs affected are: • The cardiovascular system: Organs: The heart and Blood vessels • Nervous system: Nerve damage (neuropathy) • Urinary system: Kidney damage (nephropathy) • Eye damage CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM In the cardiovascular system, the organs affected are, the heart and blood vessels. Those diagnosed with type...
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...The eyes can be affected in several ways by diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the United States. This retinopathy can occur with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus and the development depends on the duration of the disease. Most persons with type 1 diabetes and many of those with type-2 diabetes develop some background (non-proliferative) retinopathy. Proliferative retinopathy is more dangerous and is more likely to occur in poorly controlled diabetes. 3.3.1 Pathophysiology: The uptake of glucose by the synthesis of the body is mediated by the Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). An insentivity of glucose uptake receptors to insulin and absence of insulin result in increased...
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...Type 2 Diabetes Type (II) Diabetes Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that is generally categorized by either relative or absolute insulin deficiency. In 1997 the ADA issued new diagnostic and classification criteria for this disease. The classification of diabetes mellitus includes four clinical classes. • Type I diabetes (results from beta cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency). • Type II diabetes (results from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance). • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) usually temporary condition during pregnancy. • Other types are due to causes ranging from: a. generic defects in beta cell function b. genetic defects in insulin action c. diseases of the exocrine pancreas d. drug or chemical induction For the purposes of this report, the concentration will be on type II diabetes. Each type obviously have its own complexities that are unique to it. Type II diabetes, which is also sometimes known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a “heterogeneous disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin” [Rubin]. Within the pancreas, specifically the islets of langerhans exist beta cells. The beta cell is the area where production secretion and sequestering of insulin takes place. The beta cell, which is a sensory cell, contains surface glucose receptors within the plasma membrane, which...
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...Note This paper is being submitted on September 8, 2013, for LeeAnn Wisnowski’s NU205 Section 04 Human Nutrition – 2013 Summer Quarter Course. Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 is a disorder characterized as Insulin deficiency which means there is not enough insulin being made by the pancreas. Diabetes Type 1 is the most common endocrine disorder. Sixteen million Americans have Diabetes Type 1, yet many are not aware of it. African – Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans have a higher rate of developing diabetes during their lifetime. Diabetes Type 1 has potential long term complications that can affect the kidneys, eyes, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. This paper will describe briefly the role nutrition plays on Diabetes Type 1, the etiology, the progression, the treatment, nursing interventions and patient education related to patients with Diabetes Type 1. The epidemic of diabetes must be battled with great urgency both because of its medical implications and economic strain that it exerts on the world. Science has yet to provide a way to prevent type 1 diabetes. However, there are no high – quality data on the efficacy of dietary intervention for the prevention of the disease. You should eat a healthy diet. This diet is the same that is recommended for everyone. The idea that you need special food if you have diabetes is a myth. Diabetic foods still raise your blood glucose levels, contain just as much fat and calories and are usually more expensive than non –...
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...me and my family. III Today I am going to inform you on the different types of strokes, the effects that a stroke can have on a person, and the signs of a stroke and how you can prevent it from happening. Body I. The two types of strokes that I will be talking about today are Hemorrhagic stroke and Ischemic stroke. A. A Hemorrhagic stroke is the rarer of the two types of strokes and accounts for about 13 percent of stroke cases which is what my grandma experienced. 1. It results from a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain. The blood accumulates and compresses the surrounding brain tissue. 2. The two types of hemorrhagic strokes are intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage. B. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures. Two types of weakened blood vessels that usually cause hemorrhagic stroke are aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations or AVMs. 1. An aneurysm is a ballooning of a weakened region of a blood vessel. If left untreated, the aneurysm continues to weaken until it ruptures and bleeds into the brain. 2. A brain AVM is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in your brain. 3. The buildup of the protein amyloid inside the arteries is also a common cause of hemorrhagic stroke, especially in older individuals. C. The other type of strokes is called Ischemic stroke and is the more common type...
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...disease) caused mainly by blood supply to the heart, brain and legs. | -To improve cardiovascular health by reducing CVD.-CVD is leading cause of premature death and second leading cause of burden of disease.- CVD is also largely preventable and places a large economic burden on the health care system. | 1. biological: cholesterol levels, age, sex and genetics. high blood pressure-indicates that the heart is already working harder and under pressure, which can lead to stroke and kidney disease.Body weight- excess body weight places greater strain on heart and increases hypertension and cholesterol levels.2. Behavioural: physical activity, tobacco smoking poor nutrition-diets high in saturated fat such as cholesterol can contribute to overweight and obesity. Low intake of fruit and vegetables can contribute to increased snacking on high fat and high sugar foods, increasing obesity, which heightens risk of CVD.Physical enviro: air quality (tobacco smoke) Access to recreational facilities-if lacking access, they might not exercise as much as otherwise might. Heightens risk of CVD and obesity.Social envrio- SES, Early life experiences. | Swap it, don’t stop it WHO- Diabetes Australia QueenslandWHAT- * The program works with Heart Foundation, Cancer Council Queensland and Nutrition Australia in QLD. * The program includes an online 12-week planner, iPhone app and a range of fact sheets and resources to support the community to Shape Up. * The program uses a...
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...GENERAL Men with diabetes are prone to erectile dysfunction Among 35 to 75 % of people suffering from ED have been diagnosed with diabetes Erectile dysfunction is commonly caused due to progression of age in normal males but it occurs 10 - 15 years earlier in men with diabetes Normal erectile function occurs on the basis of various mechanisms such as: *desire for his sexual partner (libido) *proper circulation of blood from iliac artery into corpora cavernosa for erection and penile rigidity *proper discharge of sperm and seminal fluid through his urethra A person is diagnosed with ED if he is unable to achieve or sustain an erection for sexual intercourse CLASSIFICATION Male Erectile Dysfunction is broadly classified into two categories :...
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