...The stage range from alertness to sleep and everything in between. Alertness is most people think about it when they think about being Conscious. When you are alert, you are awake, aware of who you are, where you are, and what is going on your environment. You can focus your attention, encode information and memory engage in conversation all stuff you normally do. Daydreaming occurs naturally. Sometimes you can find...
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...relation, sleep patterns as in why do we need sleep, rhythms of sleep , sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, dreams and why do we dream. Sleep, as a human or animal we need to sleep because our body regenerates its self when it’s at rest. Humans spend at least one-third in an altered state of consciousness. When we are tired we crave to go to sleep just as if we are hungry we crave food. We can’t live without both. No human can stay p past twenty hours without feeling like they are about to crash. No one knows exactly why we need sleep but it plays and important part in restorative function. When humans are asleep there are rhythms of sleep. Circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that last about 24 hours. There are 4 stages the sleeper enters when they fall asleep. Stage one is when the brain gives you the signal your muscles to relax. It also gives off that your heart is to beat slower and when that happens your temperature begins to drop. Stage 2 is a light sleep. You’re not fully asleep but you can be awakening. Stage 3 you are in a deeper sleep. Your blood pressure begins to get lower because your brain gives off that message. Even though the body temperature is getting lower the human that is asleep won’t notice. In this stage you can be woken but it won’t be as easy. Stage 4 the human is in a deepest sleep. If someone tried to waken this sleeper it would be very hard. If the sleeper awakens they will be very confused for a few minutes. Some may sleep walk or...
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...the faraway look on her face. Her eyes were glazed over and her face had a blank stare. She didn’t turn back; she just kept walking straight towards the door. It was a very eerie thing to watch. I remember not being able to do anything but stare at her. I kept wondering; where is she going? What is she doing? Ever since then, I had always wondered about what sleepwalking really is. Is it a dream? Or is it reality? Sleepwalking wasn’t seriously investigated and diagnosed until the last century. In the 19th-century, a German chemist and parapsychologist, Baron Karl Ludwig von Reichenbach made extensive studies of sleepwalkers. Sleepwalking was initially thought to be a dreamer acting out a dream. Later on, the Society for Science published a conclusion saying that sleepwalking really has very little to do with dreaming and that it in fact, occurs when the sleeper is in his deepest sleep—a stage in which dreams are not even had. Sleepwalking is also knows as Somnambulism, which means walking during sleep. Somnambulism is a disorder that occurs when people walk or do any other activity while they are still asleep. When does it occur? When you’re sleeping, your body goes through different stages; from light drowsiness to deep sleep. There is something called REM sleep. REM stands for rapid eye movement. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, your eyes move quickly and...
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...are two main types of sleep; first you have Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep or NREM (also known as quiet sleep and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep or REM (also known as active sleep or paradoxical sleep. This is broken down into five stages. The first stage is the beginning of the sleep cycle. It is considered to be a light stage of sleep. It is a transition period between wakefulness and sleep. Stage one lasts only a brief time (around 5-10 minutes). The second stage is when the brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. This only lasts for about 20 minutes and your body tempiture begins to decrease and the heart rate begins to slow down. The third stage is a transition between light and deep sleep. Your brain develops slow deep brain waves known as delta waves. The fourth stage is a very deep sleep that lasts for about 30 minutes, this is where delta sleep occurs and bed wetting as well as sleep walking is most likely to occur. Stage five is where most of our dreaming occurs. This is where we have our REM sleep. Respiration increases and so does brain activity. REM sleep is also referred to as paradoxical sleep because while the brain and other body systems become more active, muscles become more relaxed. Dreaming occurs due because of increased brain activity, but voluntary muscles become paralyzed. Our text lists two common theories about dreams, Freud and Hobson. Our text explains “Freud believed that dreams are triggered...
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...Sleep Disorder: Causes and effects to an individual Most of us have already or are experiencing trouble in sleeping every night or every time we’re trying to sleep. This might be normal and usually temporary due to stress, night terrors or some different issues. But if sleep problems are a regular occurrence and interfere with the daily life, we may be suffering from a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders cause more than just sleepiness, there are so many causes. The lack of quality of sleep can have a negative impact on our energy, emotional balance, and health to us. Sleep disorders also are serious enough to interfere with our normal physical, mental and social state. And in worst case, death because of sleepiness and mental condition cause of sleeping disorders. Sleep can affect our overall health. In many cases, people in good health tend to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, it may be in minor or serious. Sleeping well is good to physical health and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on mood, energy, efficiency, and ability to handle stress. People with daytime sleepiness are physically fatigue, have a tendency of falling asleep in unsuitable places at unsuitable times, and have poor concentration. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job performance, and relationship stress. It’s not normal...
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...to light on the retina, triggering alterations in the level of sleep-inducing melatonin. | What are the sleep stages? | Another biological rhythm is the sleep stages. | What are the five steps of the sleep stages? | we descend into transitional Stage 1 sleep, often with the sensation of falling or floating. Stage 2 sleep (in which we spend the most time) follows about 20 minutes later, with its characteristic sleep spindles. Then follow Stages 3 and 4, together lasting about 30 minutes, with large, slow delta waves. All these stages are referred to as NREM sleep. Reversing course, we retrace our path, but with one difference: About an hour after falling asleep,we begin periods of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. | Where does dreaming most prominently occur? | Most dreaming occurs in this fifth stage (also known as paradoxical sleep) of internal arousal but outward paralysis. | Which stage shortens REM sleep length? | During a normal night’s sleep, periods of Stages 3 and 4 sleep shorten and REM sleep lengthens. | What are the harmful effects of sleep deprivation? | Sleep deprivation causes fatigue and impairs concentration, creativity, and communication. | What are the additional effects of sleep loss? | It also can lead to obesity, hypertension, a suppressed immune system, irritability, and slowed performance (with greater vulnerability to accidents). | What are the benefits of sleep? | Sleep may have played a protective role in human evolution by keeping...
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...Ariana Bovenkamp Dream Log 10/17/11 Thoughts: Today when I woke up I could not remember my dream. When I woke up, my thoughts were that I should’ve slept longer and that I should’ve done my homework earlier because it kept me up until the early hours of the morning. Thoughts: I could not remember my dream this morning when I woke up. When I woke up, I was thinking about all of the things I need to do during the day and that I have so much to do. I was also feeling very tired because I did not sleep long enough. Dream: During my dream, my friend Gabe and I were going to the supermarket to buy bagels but when we pulled into the parking lot we realized it was a super strange supermarket, it was all green. But we decided to go in and buy bagels. As we continued to walk down the isle where the bagels were, one green slime monster jumped out and started talking to me and he was distracting me while some others killed Gabe. Once I realized what happened, the others tried to attack me and as I was running away, I saw my friend Christopher so I ran up to him and tried to have him help me escape and as I started talking, he turned into a slime monster and shot a gun and right before the bullet hit me, I woke up. Dream: During my dream I was walking through a grocery store in South Africa and my dad dropped from the ceiling and I was scared because I didn’t know who it was. That’s the only part of my dream I could remember. Dream: My dream was very random last night...
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...Thesis Statement: Understanding how dreams occur, how they affect our lives and what they mean help us grasp what dreams actually are. Intro: I. (Attention Getter) Have you ever dreamt that you were walking along the side of a road or along a cliff and suddenly you trip? You’re falling for what seems like forever, but before hitting the ground, you wake up? This is considered to be a falling dream, and ironically, falling dreams occur when you are falling asleep. They are usually accompanied by muscle spasms and twitches of the entire body. Although these dreams occur while we are falling asleep, they interpret a completely different meaning. Falling can mean you are insecure, you are losing grip, or you simply have fears that need to be faced. Patricia Garfield, the author of Creative Dreaming states: “there is some problem that is making you feel helpless like you have no support, so next time when you wake up startled from a falling dream, ask yourself what upcoming events do I fear I will fail?” II. (Introduce Topic) Since the beginning of time, people have been trying to understand the different functions of the human body, how we move, talk, and even act. Many of these physiological behaviors have been explained to some extent. However, one area of the human body that has baffled researchers, is that of the mind. Many things that go on inside the mind that don’t make sense, and serves no real explanation as to why or how things happen. One of the most fascinating...
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...circadian rhythm and circumstances that might disrupt it. 5. Know the different stages of sleeping and when dreaming occurs. 6. Know and identify sleeping disorders (i.e. sleep apnea, sleep walking, narcolepsy, night terrors) 7. Know about dream interpretation. a. Psychodynamic (Freud) – latent and manifest dream content. b. Cognitive interpretation of dreams c. Activation-synthesis interpretation of dreams 8. Know definition of drug addiction and tolerance Example questions: It is the end of the month and Cindy has several bills yet to pay, but she does not have much money left. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. Cindy is demonstrating: A. metacognition. B. awareness. C. controlled processing. D. incubation. Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming? A. The theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious noncognitive processing. B. According to the theory, there is an essential search for the hidden, symbolic content of dreams. C. According to the theory, dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams. D. According to the theory, very unusual aspects of dreams—such as odd activities, strange images, and sudden scene shifts—cannot be understood. Chapter 6 – Learning 1. Know the definition of learning. 2. Must be able to...
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...A person’s state of consciousness is defined as the individual’s awareness of his or her own thoughts, memories, emotions, and external stimuli in their specific environment. In recent years, researchers have explored states of consciousness during sleep and have debated whether or not people who perform actions while asleep are actually in a reduced state of consciousness. Many cases in the past have shown people completing complicated and often unbelievable actions while sleeping. Some instances include sleep eating, sleep sex and even sleep murder. One case in particular that caused much controversy is the Kenneth Park’s sleep murder case. Parks was a 23-year-old Toronto man with a wife and infant daughter. Parks had severe anxiety and insomnia due to his own gambling debts and lack of a job. Parks stole $32,000 from the electric company that employed him and was later fired after charges were brought against him....
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...of Slumbering Activities in Your Brain By: Bill Pak Section: #1762 (I was allowed permission by you to turn in this term paper due to some personal issues with the original term topic) Ever wondered what in blue blazes your brain is doing when you sleep? Well so far, all the research and experiments that have been made to understand and answer this question have resulted with the so called six stages of sleep. The six stages of sleep starts from Stage 0 to Stage 5. Stage 0 is not really considered a stage since it involves the person of interest being awake. Sequentially, Stage 1 is considered to be the beginning of being asleep. Following Stage 1 is Stage 2 which is well known for its sleep spindles and K-complexes (L & F 8). Afterwards, Stage 3 is considered to be a transition phase towards Stage 4 and both stages are collectively often titled as deep sleep (McPhee 20). Lastly, but not the least, Stage 5 is identified as dream sleep and with REM (McPhee). Each stage is not just discerned by its major aspects, but by the activity in the brain in each stage. Although sleep can be described through the various behavioral changes, the different activities in the brain allow the discerning of each stage during sleep. Each stage is distinguished by various electrical activities and patterns across the brain (L & F 7). These electrical activities and patterns consistently change between each stage (McPhee 17). Obviously, each stage has its own unique electrical pattern,...
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...Patil 1 Journeys Out Of the Body: Sleep Paralysis Finding answers to our curiosity can sometimes be a daunting task. When every attempt, to find a scientific explanation behind a phenomenon fails, to believe in something beyond is the only way. There are many events, incidents, etc that science failed to explain, that lead us to believe in parallel world, dark world, life beyond Earth etc,. To prove the experiences that are within the body is possible, but to explain experiences out of the body seems impossible. This research paper focuses on Out Of Body Experiences in relation to Sleep Paralysis. Out Of Body Experiences a.k.a. OOBE An out-of-body experience (OOBE) is an experience that involves a feeling of floating outside one's body and, in some cases, the feeling of perceiving one's physical body as if from a place outside one's body (autoscopy). In 1943 G. N. M. Tyrrell introduced the term ‘out of the body experiences’ in his book Apparitions. Later this term was adopted by researchers such as Celia Green and Robert Monroe as an alternative to belief-centric labels such as "astral projection", "soul travel", or "spirit walking". Body experiences something that is not happening on physical level, but spiritual level. These experiences can be spontaneous and induced....
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...Taped Confession of Epistemology Taped Confession of Epistemology In 1996, I was on a study abroad program as a freshman in college. The trip was a six week tour of the Volga region of Russia, which also consisted of a three week cruise of the Volga River. After the cruise, the ship docked in Moscow and then the students were to board a train to go to St. Petersburg. While on the cruise, my bunk mate was the professor. Because this was in June, White Nights was in effect and as a result, it was quite difficult to get to sleep. Every night, the professor would talk about his walk-man and how lucky he was to have one to go to sleep with at night. We had a great relationship, so I would tell him that he might wake up dead and his walk-man stolen because he made fun of me not having one! I also was his teaching assistant, so we would often joke with each other about death threats. So this threat was nothing to be alarmed with. Finally, after three weeks of dealing with the professor, I was looking forward to not having to bunk with him in St. Petersburg. When the ship docked in Moscow, the captain informed us that we needed to return by 8:00 pm so that we would not miss the train going to Petersburg. On a side note, I had lived in Moscow for two years, so I left the rest of the students and made my way around town to see some friends. I returned to the ship at 8:00, loaded my luggage onto a bus and waited for the rest of the students. At 8:30, the captain of the...
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...with injury and stress. We need sleep to give our bodies a chance to heal themselves, flush out impurities in our digestive track or blood stream, and to rest vital organs. Sleep is needed to replenish after daily physical activity. In young adults, sleep will allow your body to release growth hormones that affect the bones, tissue, and new red blood cells (Gavin, Mary L., MD. "KidsHealth." Sleep Problems in Teens. Kids Health). Teens and adolescents spend one third of their day sleeping. Meaning by the age of 15, you will have spent about five years of your life asleep. Most adolescents need right around nine-and-a-half hours of sleep each night (Ransohoff, Katie. "Sleep and Sleeping Disorders."). Surveys conducted show that most adolescents get right around six to seven hours on the average. If you do not get enough sleep, you may experience some of the symptoms of sleep deprivation. Some of these symptoms of sleep deprivation are: • Falling asleep in class • Irritability • Difficulty waking up in the morning • Difficulty concentrating • Depression after prolonged sleep deprivation Most people think that sleep is a time where nothing happens and your body is in a still, non-moveable status; this is not true at all. The brain and body are still very active while you are sleeping. There are two known kinds of sleep: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Both ways of sleep affect the body and mind in different...
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...Dreams are very different from waking life, but it is extremely difficult clearly to define in what the difference consists. When we are dreaming, we are nearly always convinced that we are awake, and in some cases real experiences have been mistaken for dreams. The latter mistake forms the subject of a celebrated Spanish play called Life a Dream, and of an amusing story in the Arabian Nights, in which a poor man is for a jest treated as a mighty monarch, and it is contrived that he should afterwards think that all the honourable treatment he had actually received was merely a vivid dream. Sometimes even after waking, we may be doubtful whether our dream was a reality or not, especially if we happen to fall asleep in our chair and do not remember the circumstance of having fallen to sleep. Of course this doubt can only arise when there has been nothing in our dream that seems impossible to our wakened mind. It is, however, only in rare cases that a dream exactly copies the experience of our waking hours. As a rule, in our sleep all kinds of events seem to happen which in our waking hours we should know to be impossible. In our dreams we see and converse with friends who are at the other side of the world or have been long dead. We may even meet historical or fictitious characters that we have read about in books. We often lose our identity and dreams that we are someone else, and in the course of a single dream may be in turn several different persons. Space and time to the dreamer...
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