...INITIATIVES IN PAKISTAN TO ENHANCE THE WOMEN’S ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT: Economic Census of Pakistan – women owned businesses represents only 3% of total enterprises (3.2 million enterprises) in Pakistan. Most of women owned businesses are really small i.e. turnover < 1 million and/or investment < 0.5 millioMost women-headed businesses operate from home Financial matters are handled by male family members Women entrepreneurs are seen in subordinate roles little education, skills, and exposure to business; negligible peer support and business association, low capitalization and poor investment capacity 60% of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan opt for traditional business i.e. beauty parlors, bakeries, boutiques with largest number in garments and handicrafts sectorn. Role of SMEDA for WE Development “The word entrepreneur is derived from the French verb enterprendre that means to undertake”. We can define an entrepreneur as “……One who undertakes a commercial enterprise and who is an organisational creator and innovator” (Gartner.) “Female entrepreneurs are defined as those who use their knowledge and resources to develop or create new business opportunities, who are actively involved in managing their businesses, and own at least 50 per cent of the business and have been in operation for longer than a year” (Moore and Buttner, 1997) International development programs...
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...LAND SUCCESSION IN KENYA: THEORY AND PRACTICE By Ronald Matende Omwoma (BA, MA, Dip, LA) A private Land Administration Expert Paper presented to Institution of Surveyors of Kenya (ISK) South Rift Seminar on Saturday 24th October, 2015 at NAC 1.0: Introduction 1.1: Background The Kenya National Land Policy notes that ‘land can be acquired through inheritance which entails, testate or intestate succession’ (GOK, 2008). It further noted that majority of Kenyans rarely follow the succession act, and instead transmission of land rights upon death is undertaken within customary and religious systems which discriminate against children and women. Such systems also rarely leads to legal and documented land tenure security, hence further complicating the chances of the future generations to access secure land. Many Kenyans perceive the legal land succession process as tedious, complex, inaccessible and expensive. This has made the majority of Kenyans to live on land for which they don’t have a title. The government and other stakeholders in land have for some time now been pre-occupied with finding ways of making the land succession process easier, cheaper and more accessible to the majority of Kenyan especially those living in rural areas. In the National Land Policy the government undertook to: 1. Sensitize and educate Kenyans on the provisions of the law of succession Act; 2. To expedite the application of the law of succession Act; and 3. To require that...
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...STUDYBLUE | Flashcards | INC1 10/15/13 10:48 PM 1 with Brewer / 1. How is the scientific method used to solve problems? Scientific method used to solve problems by keen observations, rational analysis, and experimentation. 2. Observation: Closely observe the physical world around you. 3. Question: Recognize a question or a problem. 4. Hypothesis: An educated guess or a reasonable explanation. When the hypothesis can be tested by experiment, it qualifies as a scientific hypothesis 5. Prediction: Consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. The consequences should be absent if the hypothesis is not correct. 6. Conclusion: Formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the hypothesis, predicted effects, and experimental findings. 7. What is the principle of falsifiability? For a hypothesis to be considered scientific it must be testable?it must, in principle, be capable of being proven wrong. 8. Fact: http://www.studyblue.com/#flashcard/view/190148 Page 1 of 9 STUDYBLUE | Flashcards | INC1 10/15/13 10:48 PM A phenomenon about which competent observers can agree. 9. Theory: A synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world. 10. Law: A general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted. Also known as a principle...
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...D38–D51 Nucleic Acids Research, 2011, Vol. 39, Database issue doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1172 Published online 20 November 2010 Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Eric W. Sayers1,*, Tanya Barrett1, Dennis A. Benson1, Evan Bolton1, Stephen H. Bryant1, Kathi Canese1, Vyacheslav Chetvernin1, Deanna M. Church1, Michael DiCuccio1, Scott Federhen1, Michael Feolo1, Ian M. Fingerman1, Lewis Y. Geer1, Wolfgang Helmberg2, Yuri Kapustin1, David Landsman1, David J. Lipman1, Zhiyong Lu1, Thomas L. Madden1, Tom Madej1, Donna R. Maglott1, Aron Marchler-Bauer1, Vadim Miller1, Ilene Mizrachi1, James Ostell1, Anna Panchenko1, Lon Phan1, Kim D. Pruitt1, Gregory D. Schuler1, Edwin Sequeira1, Stephen T. Sherry1, Martin Shumway1, Karl Sirotkin1, Douglas Slotta1, Alexandre Souvorov1, Grigory Starchenko1, Tatiana A. Tatusova1, Lukas Wagner1, Yanli Wang1, W. John Wilbur1, Eugene Yaschenko1 and Jian Ye1 1 Downloaded from http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on March 20, 2015 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA and 2University Clinic of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 3, A-8036 Graz, Austria Received September 16, 2010; Revised October 29, 2010; Accepted November 1, 2010 ABSTRACT In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology...
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...Introduction Stripping widows of property is a huge social problem in Zimbabwe especially with the escalating death toll due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Customary laws have been unable to address the problem which suggests that extra- legal interventions might be necessary. Social work intervention is necessary to preserve the widow’s worth and dignity as a human being, which is the principal value of social work. A widow is a woman who has lost a husband by death and has not remarried, according to The South African Concise Oxford Dictionary. Property stripping refers to depriving someone of acquired or inherited movable or immovable possessions that rightfully and legally belong to that person (The South African Concise Oxford Dic tionary; Kuenyehia 2003). This study uses stripping and grabbing interchangeably as refer ring to the same act. Basing their studies in Ikot Idem in Nigeria, Okunmadewa, Aina, Ayoola, Mamman, Nweze, Odebiyi, Shedu and Zacha (2002:106) maintain: [W]omen’s wellbeing often deteriorates quickly after the loss of their husbands, when they suffer threats of both their physical security and property. A widow often loses her husband’s property to the in-laws in accordance with family traditional rules. This study proposes to explore the widows’ experiences of property inheritance in the Binga District, in the North West of Zimbabwe. Economically, people in Binga practice subsistence farming, animal rearing...
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...A2 level Biology notes Unit 4- Populations and the Environment 1. Populations 3 1.1 Populations and ecosystems 3 1.2 Investing populations 3 1.3 Variation in population size 5 1.4 Competition 6 1.5 Predation 8 1.6 Human populations 10 2. ATP 12 2.1 Energy and ATP 12 3. Photosynthesis 14 3.1 Overview of Photosynthesis 14 3.2 The Light- dependent reaction 16 3.3 The Light Independent Reaction 17 3.4 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis 18 4. Respiration 20 4.1 Glycolysis 20 4.2 Link reaction and Krebs cycle 21 4.3 The electron transport chain 23 4.4 Anaerobic respiration 24 5. Energy and Ecosystems 25 5.1 Food chains and Food webs 25 5.2 Energy Transfer between Trophic Levels 26 5.3 Ecological Pyramids 27 5.4 Agricultural Ecosystems 28 5.5 Chemical and Biological Control of Agricultural Pests 29 5.6 Intensive Rearing of Domestic Livestock 31 6. Nutrient Cycles 33 6.1 The carbon cycle 33 6.2 The greenhouse effect and global warming 34 6.3 The Nitrogen Cycle 35 6.4 Use of Natural and Artificial Fertilisers 36 6.5 Environmental consequences of using nitrogen fertilisers 36 7. Ecological Succession 37 Succession 37 7.2 Conservation of Habitats 38 8. Inheritance and Selection 39 8.1 Studying inheritance 39 8.2 Monohybrid Inheritance 40 8.3 Sex Inheritance and Sex Linkage 41 8.4 Co-dominance and Multiple...
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...other uses, see Biology (disambiguation). Biology deals with the study of the many varieties of living organisms. Clockwise from top left: Salmonella typhimurium, Phascolarctos cinereus, Athyrium filix-femina, Amanita muscaria, Agalychnis callidryas, and Brachypelma smithi Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:[2] 1. Cells are the basic unit of life 2. New species and inherited traits are the product of evolution 3. Genes are the basic unit of heredity 4. An organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition 5. Living organisms consume and transform energy. Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate...
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...Legal system in France France uses a civil law system; that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judge interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to case law). The Conseil d'État sits in the Palais Royal Many fundamental principles of French Law were laid in the Napoleonic Codes. Basic principles of the rule of law were laid in the Napoleonic Code: laws can only address the future and not the past (ex post facto laws are prohibited); to be applicable, laws must have been officially published. In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the general rule is that of freedom, and law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society. As Guy Canivet, first president of the Court of Cassation, said about what should be the rule in French law: “Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality”. That is, law may lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy. France does not recognize religious law, nor does it recognize religious beliefs as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions. As a consequence, France has long had neither blasphemy laws nor sodomy laws (the latter being...
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...INTRODUCTION 3 2 Social constructivist perspective of schizophrenia 4 3 CONCLUSION 7 REFERENCES 8 INTRODUCTION In this paper we analyze the concept according to which mental illness is as much a socially constructed disease as it is a physiological one and especially the example of schizophrenia, one of the oldest, most documented, and least understood of all the behaviors that fall under society’s category of mental illness. One of the most influential theoretical positions evident in the sociology of health and illness over the past 30 years has been social constructivism. A central assumption within this broad approach is that reality is not self-evident, stable and waiting to be discovered, but instead it is a product of human activity. In this broad sense all versions of social constructivism can be identified as a reaction against positivism and naive realism. There are multiple intellectual roots of a social constructionist approach to illness. Some of the basic building blocks are evident in the writings of early sociological thinkers (Durkheim, Mannheim, Thomas), but one of the most important intellectual foundations of the social construction of illness is social problems theory and research from the 1960s and 1970s. Distancing themselves from positivist interpretations, scholars in this tradition asserted that what comes to be identified as deviant behavior or a social problem is not given, but rather is conferred within a particular social context and in...
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...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea...
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...DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ACADEMIC CALENDAR B. Tech Academic Year 2013 - 2014 - II - Semester S.No Event Date th 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Submission of abstracts of main project by IV years Faculty orientation program Commencement of Class work Spell for UNIT – I Instructions Fresher’s day Spell for UNIT – II Instructions Alumni meet VIGNAN TARANG Spell for Unit-III Instructions st nd Assignment -1/ Unit test-1 on I & II Units Submission of results & week students list to Dept Spell for Unit-IV Instructions University I-Mid-Exam- II & IV Year rd University I-Mid-Exam- III Year Spell for UNIT – V Instructions for II &IV years rd Spell for UNIT – V Instructions for III year LAB INTERNAL-1 Commencement of Special classes for Slow learners Spell for UNIT – VI Instructions for II &IV years rd Spell for UNIT – VI Instructions for III year Submission of Mini project title along with guide for III year Spell for Unit – VII Instructions for II &IV years Spell for UNIT – VII Instructions for III year Assignment-II / Unit test on Vth & VIth Units rd 16-12-13 28-11-13 to 05-12-13 09-12-13 09-12-13 to 21-12-13 14-12-13 23-12-13 to 04-01-14 29-12-13 02-01-14 to 04-01-14 06-01-14 to 25-01-14 06-01-14 to 10-01-14 20-01-14 27-01-14 to 07-02-14 10-02-14 to 12-02-14 13-02-14 to 15-02-14 13-02-14 to 25-02-14...
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...C++ PROGRAMMING: FROM PROBLEM ANALYSIS TO PROGRAM DESIGN FIFTH EDITION D.S. MALIK Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition D.S. Malik Executive Editor: Marie Lee Acquisitions Editor: Amy Jollymore Senior Product Manager: Alyssa Pratt Editorial Assistant: Zina Kresin Content Project Manager: Matthew Hutchinson Art Director: Faith Brosnan Print Buyer: Julio Esperas Cover Designer: Roycroft Design/ www.roycroftdesign.com Cover Photo: ª Guntmar Fritz/Masterfile Proofreader: Green Pen QA Indexer: Elizabeth Cunningham Compositor: Integra ª 2011 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be...
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...Unit II: Genetics Brief Overview Reading: Chapters 3, 4, 9-12, 14 (Note: you have reviewed much of this already) The earth is teeming with living things. We can easily see some of the larger organisms—trees, grass, flowers, weeds, cats, fish, squirrels, dogs, insects, spiders, snails, mushrooms, lichens. Other organisms are everywhere, in the air, in water, soil and on our skin, but are too small to see with the naked eye—bacteria, viruses, protists (single celled eukaryotes such as amoebae), and tiny plants and animals. Life is remarkable in its complexity and diversity, and yet it all boils down to a very simple idea—the instructions for making all this life are written in nucleic acids, usually DNA. Most organisms have a set of DNA that contains the instructions for making that creature. This DNA contains four “letters” in which these instructions are written—A, T, G, and C. The only difference between the code for a dog and the code for a geranium is in the order of those letters in the code. If you took the DNA from a human and rearranged the letters in the right way, you could produce an oak tree—arrange them slightly differently and you would have a bumble bee—arrange them again and you would have the instructions for making a bacterium. Acting through more than two billion years, the process of evolution has taken one basic idea—a molecular code that uses four letters—and used it over and over, in millions of combinations to produce a dazzling array of life forms...
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...Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.1 Livelihood of the majority of the population of the Jammu & Kashmir State revolves around the agriculture and allied sectors. These sectors constitute the mainstay of the State’s economy and contribute nearly 50 per cent to GSDP. Over 70 per cent of the population, of more than 1.25 crores depends, directly or indirectly, on agriculture and its allied sectors. The diversification in the physiographic features and agro-climatic variation at macro- and micro-level, involving cold arid, temperate, intermediate and sub-tropical zones, within a small geographical area of 2.22 lakh sq. km indicates the inherent agricultural potential of the State. The net sown area (NSA) of 7.35 lakh ha (2009-10) is 35 per cent of the reported area as against the national average of 46 per cent. About 70 per cent of the net sown area is under the food crops. The average size of holding is very small (0.545 ha/holding) as compared to 1.66 ha at the national level with more than 93% of owners of these farm holdings subsisting on agriculture and allied activities. 1.2 Over the years, agriculturists and farmers have adopted several area- specific and time-specific cultivation practices to meet the requirement of their staple food crops. Rice, maize, wheat, pulses, fodder, oilseeds, potato and barley are the main crops of the State. There is currently a shift towards cultivating lowvolume high-value cash crops, such as, flowers, vegetables, quality seeds, aromatic & medicinal plants...
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...Introduction to Islamic Insurance K. M. Mortuza Ali 1 K. M. Mortuza Ali Managing Director Prime Islami Life Insurance Limited 29 Dilkusha C/A Raj Bhaban (6th Floor) Dhaka – 1000 Phone – 9560889, 9570729 (Off) 8353552 (Res) Mobile – 019-366617 Fax – 880-2-9564390 Email – plicl@bdonline.com kmortuza@bdmail.net 2 Chapter (I) Basic ideas about Risk & Insurance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is Risk? How do we distinguish between pure risk and speculative risk ? How risk is handled? Why every risk is not insured? What are the characteristics of Insurable risks? What are the requisites of Insurance for Covering Risk? What are the Principles of Insurance contract? What are the different types of Life Insurance policies? How Insurance is different from Gambling? 10. What is the main function of insurance? 11. What is the greatest value of insurance? 12. What is the Purpose of Life Insurance? 13. How insurance protects value of life? 14. How life Insurance schemes meet the saving needs? 15. What are the social and economic values of Insurance? 16. What is the Actuarial principle of Life Insurance? 17. What is reinsurance? 18. What are the different methods of reinsurance? 1. What is Risk? Risk has been defined as the uncertainty as to the occurrence of an economic loss. It is the passivity of adverse result from a desired outcome. Risk and probability are not synonymous. We must understand the difference between risk and probability. The terms hazard and peril are...
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