...EGT1 Task 4 Rebecca Fertig 12/24/2012 Introduction Cross cultural marketing refers to the strategic process in which marketing is conducted among people whose culture differs from that of the marketer. The differences in culture occur in various aspects like social norms, values and language. The differences also include such aspects as the living styles and education of the people. This paper addresses the need for company A which is US based to understand cross cultural marketing in China. The paper clearly defines the different areas which the company must consider when launching into China. This results from the fact that cross-cultural marketing requires sensitivity on the marketer. Failure to understand the tactics leads to the eventual failure of the marketing. Understanding the culture of the Chinese people and incorporating it into the marketing mix of Company A will result to the success of the company. Major Cross-Cultural Issues That May Impact Company A’s Marketing Approach There are various issues that make the country of china and US tremendously different in their cultures. One is the social structure which is extremely hierarchical and formal in China. This means that people should know their place in the hierarchy and fix themselves accordingly (Dsouza, 2012). One is not supposed to cross the boundaries into other areas. This differs from the way it is in America and where the structure is informal and loose. This is based on the...
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...BUSINESS SCHOOL Cultural Differences between China And Italy SUBMITTED BY KUSHAGRA MEHROTRA GROUP –B A0102314029 MBA HR ABSTRACT International management studies have been based primarily on the comparison of managerial behavior in countries around the world. Often, these studies have implied that businesspeople behave similarly with their domestic colleagues as with their foreign counterparts which indeed sums up to conflicting results. Context of the negotiations at the international level are faced with the differences between various cultures: a longterm attitude towards communication, the power placement, the uncertainties avoiding, emotional differences between the negotiating parties and others. These and other differences in cross-cultural dimensions can influence the process of negotiations between the representatives of different cultures in the negotiations. There may happen in a variety of misunderstandings in negotiations and between the two parties of the same culture, while the process of preparing for the talks with different cultures requires empirical studies in Intercultural Communication. The article discusses cultural dimensions of two contrasting cultures and their effect on negotiations. The Article includes cross cultural studies between an Asian and a European nation’s cultural strengths and weaknesses to anticipate an opposing nation’s possible behaviors in the negotiation process, and to understand the cultural factors that may...
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...To excel in today’s global market, it is important to understand the cultural differences that exist. A global leader is capable of being flexible and managing across cultures. The Global Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Human Resource Management (HRM) perform similar duties, but are faced with different challenges. “Most HR professionals no longer question that there are important cultural differences between nations that might influence the effectiveness of HRM policies and practices” (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013, p. 99). The ability to understand and adapt, has a huge impact on an organization, and its likelihood to succeed when doing international business. Holfstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory Geert Holftsede is a Dutch social psychologist and former IBM employee. Holfstede traveled internationally when working for IBM and was the head of the Personnel Research Department. Holfstede studied differences amongst different cultures. Between 1967 and 1973, he conducted a large survey containing samples from 117,000 IBM employees; he compared value scores from the database. “The data covered more than 70 countries, from which Hofstede first used the 40 countries with the largest groups of respondents and afterwards extended the analysis to 50 countries and 3 regions” (Natural Cultural Dimensions, 2014). Based on Holfstede’s theory there are five dimensions of national cultures: power distance index (PDI), individualism (IDV) vs. collectivism, avoidance of uncertainty...
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...difficult for us to point out that there exists great difference between Chinese and English idioms,which can be sourced back to the matter of different language and culture.Language is the most principle means for inter-cultural communication.For one thing,language is a part of culture and plays an important role in it.For another,as a mirror of culture, language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture;Meanwhile ,it reflects culture.Idioms,a part of language ,are the essence of culture in every country.Using language in such communication ,we often come across some idioms with distinctive cultural characteristics,so it is a very important and complicated thing for us to understand and use idioms correctly. Idioms include metaphorical phrase,slang,colloquialism,proverb and so on.As an essential part of the language and culture of a society,idioms are characterized by their concise expressions,rich and vivid ,involving geography,history,religious belief,living conventions and so on.They usually highly specialized in meaning and closely tied to distinctive cultural features and cultural attitudes.It is believed that idioms are the most culturally loaded element in any language’s vocabulary.Undoubtedly they are often hard to understand and harder to use correctly for a foreigner.English and Chinese idioms,closely related to their own culture,convey different cultural features and messages of their own nation,reflecting their own culture.There exists vast difference between English...
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...The conflict between Chinese traditional family concept and American individualism Because of the different cultural background and thinking mode, Americans and Chinese have many conflicts in life style, which is best revealed in this film The Joy Luck Club. The mothers, who grew up in China and still keep Chinese traditional value and concept, are the first generation immigrants in America. Their daughters, however, are often born and grow up in America, and are deeply affected by the American moral standard and acting principles. This article analyse the conflicts between mothers and daughters in four aspects：1.The conflict between Chinese traditional family concept and American individualism 2.The conflict between the difference of power destance in Chinese family and the equal concept in American family 3.The conflict between Chinese modest and American straightforwardness. Actually, it’s not only the generation gap but also the cross-cultural conflicts throughout the film. 1.The conflict between Chinese traditional family concept and American individualism. The chinese are collectivist, placing high value on group cooperation and individual modesty.Americans are individualist,placing high value on self-reliance and freedon from externally imposed constraints.After Waverly won the national chess champion, her mother proudly showed it everywhere. Finally Waverly can’t stand her mother anymore, and she said angrily to her mother ：“why you always show me to others...
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...How Cultural Issues Affect the Processes of Joint Ventures in China Since 2000 Nicolas Francisco Herrera Giraldo Abstract: This paper purpose is to identify which are the more remarkable cultural facts at the moment of doing joint ventures with china. Taking in consideration that this country has presented a representative economical growth and that many western and occidental countries have decided to execute strategically movements to improve their processes with tools as joint ventures. Different cultural issues that distant the normal develop and pace of activities between China and other different countries when doing international joint ventures were defined. This paper may be helpful for managers and companies whiling to start doing business with China Key Words: China, businesses, joint venture, cultural issues, processes 1. National cultural issues 1.1Power distance disparity among China and other countries. This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal, it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power Distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. It has to do with the fact that the followers endorse a society’s inequality as much as by the leaders. Small power distances cultures believe in the importance of minimizing social or class inequalities...
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...MSc Management Cross-cultural Management module Cross Cultural Study of China and America Name of Student Name of Instructor Dated: Table of Contents S. No. | Topic | Page No. | Cross Cultural Study of China and America | | 1- | Introduction | 3 | 2- | Chinese Culture | 3 | 3- | Leadership styles and skills of China | 4 | 4- | Motivating others | 4 | 5- | Trust Builder | 5 | 6- | Talent retention | 5 | 7- | High Performance team | 5 | 8- | Management Style of China | 5 | 9- | The Guanxi | 6 | 10- | Individualism and collectivism | 6 | 11 | America’s Culture | 6 | 12 | Leadership Styles in America | 7 | 13 | Directive leadership | 7 | 14 | Participative leadership | 7 | 15 | Empowering leadership | 8 | 16 | Charismatic leadership | 8 | 17 | Management Styles of America | 8 | 18 | Ethical issues in cross cultural of China and America | 8 | 19 | Compare and contrast between China and USA | 9 | 20 | Conclusion | 11 | 21 | References | 12 | Introduction: This paper consists of cross cultural study of two developed countries named USA and China. These countries are well developed and exist in the major countries of the world. Both have an entire different culture in reference of behavior, leadership styles and management. China is the part of eastern countries and USA is a western country, both have entirely different environment and too far from each other. There are many roles that are involved in any organization...
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...04/02/2015 04/02/2015 REFLECTIVE DIARY Cultural Differences and People Management – BLDE606.2 REFLECTIVE DIARY Cultural Differences and People Management – BLDE606.2 Module leader: Dr Dawn Williams Seminar teacher: Fiona O’Connor Student name: Charlotte Marcenac Student ID: W151350741 Module leader: Dr Dawn Williams Seminar teacher: Fiona O’Connor Student name: Charlotte Marcenac Student ID: W151350741 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Table of contents II. Introduction III. A module providing a greater understanding of culture self-awareness, through the process of cultural pluralism IV. Reflecting on the political rights of women in France and Saudi Arabia across the concept of masculine societies V. Cultural Shock: a concept perceived as a disease, or a learning process of cultural differences? VI. Difficulties to demonstrate high and low context from you culture, but a strong relation with other cultural patterns to help. VII. The importance of rituals, symbols, beliefs when negotiating with the Chinese culture, as example: the meaning of a gift VIII. Cross cultural management: the relationship between managers and employees in France compare to Australia. IX. Conclusion X. References INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION According to Schön (1983), reflective practice enables people to involve in a process of continuous learning, by learning from experiences. This reflective...
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...being a partner to a lot of US businesses we have to be sensitive to the culture and traditions in China. To put this simple China has a different way of doing business than we do and in order to become successful when expanding into China we need to understand and accommodate those differences. While there are many cross-cultural differences between the US and China I will look at three of them. Three of those cross-cultural differences you need to understand and accommodate before you expand into China are ethnic culture, priorities, and decision making. The ethnic culture of China varies greatly from that of the US. Chinese people are more focused on relationships and group work while Americans are more individuals. Chinese tend to be more courteous and create personal relationships with their co-workers. Americans tend to be more direct and put business above personal relationships. Because of these differences, Americans tend to put conflicts behind them quicker for the betterment of the business and Chinese tend to take things more personally and it takes them longer to put conflicts in the past. Chinese also respect people based on age and wisdom whereas Americans tend to respect success and achievement. When expanding into China you need to address the ethnic culture in order to build a strong team and work force. You cannot be as direct and commanding as you are in the USA. The ethnic culture also influences the next difference which is priorities. While...
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...P&G Market Research in China and US The market research in US and China would be different due to the cultural differences held by both countries. Children in China are brought up in a different culture as compared to the US. For instance, children in China are taught to relieve their selves nearby potted plants (Bruno, 2012). Absurd as it sounds, the children in China will in no time learn to use the ancient diaper free method of toilet training. The Kaidangku form of toiletry is taught as early as six months. The small baby is taught to do all his ‘business’ by just calling for his mother’s name that will direct him or her where to relieve. In the USA, the use of diapers is the best-known method. Procter and Gamble would have to be conscious of the two cultural differences in the marketing research to be used. The same case applies to the economy. People in Chinese have a tradition of saving more than their counterparts back in the US (GARON, 2016). The saving tradition in the Chinese started in the ancient time which is not the case in the US (China Daily, 2016). More incomes would be disposable in purchasing domestic goods and services in the US than China, therefore, the need to reduce prices in China than in the US. Procter and Gamble would, therefore, have to use products that would cover the interests of the two countries complying with their cultural values and economic standards. Market Research The market research done by P&G in the first example was not...
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...nations and groups of people throughout the world. To ensure that there is a smooth transition into new markets these companies must educate themselves and their employees, about the cultural differences and similarities that each group will face. As stated by, Becton, B. (2009) “China will be an important player in the world economy, this has important implications for organizational research as more and more companies expand operations into China.” Amazon as a leader in internet sale and retail has embraced china as the most important new market in the world and has made many adjustments within the company to not only understand the cultural differences but to understand them. The understanding gained will help maximize the workforce and realize a better understanding of the Chinese peoples as a customer. The workforce in China is almost a polar opposite to the US workforce in that the Chinese culture causes them to think of themselves collectively, or to be more to the point they feel that they work for each other instead of themselves. The US workers on the other hand are individualistic; they do work toward the good of the company, but seek personal gain and at times glory at the expense of the group. Hofstede found that individualism versus collectivism accounted for the greatest difference in work-goal priorities in 40 countries. The United States has been characterized as more individualistic and China...
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...Management Cultural Diversity-Conflict Paper UIN# 105-65604 Cultural Diversity and Conflict Conflict is a normal part of life, there are bound to be miscommunication and differences of opinion when relating to work, family and relationships. How you choose to handle them can change the level of success you achieve in all areas of your life. Now imagine if you are dealing with a person, who has different cultural values than your own. We will cover how these differences affect the outcome of conflict and how you might need to change the techniques used when dealing with conflict to match up with a different value system. With the changes in business to a global market place, it has become more important than ever to understand the changes in negotiations between cultures. The differences in culture break down to five main areas described by Hofstede. These areas are Power distance, individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty avoidance index and long term Orientation. I found that while there are some similarities, there are areas of great difference between the two cultures. Many of the manners in which we deal with conflict in the west would not apply within the Chinese culture. The first area on the scale deals with Power Distance Index (PDI), which is the extent, by which the power is distributed unequally between the members of a family or within an organization. In the US culture it is scored at a 40 showing a much smaller divide between of inequality than the Chinese culture...
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...US writer Todd C. Ames concludes his two-part discussion of the ways in which Chinese and Americans think of each other, and the most common misunderstandings that arise AMERICANS don't know much about China. What they do know comes from three main sources: movies, the news, and history classes. This can be a sensitive subject, and I do not wish to offend anyone - my goal is only to give you an overview of American stereotypes of China. Just as I have encountered many stereotypes that the Chinese have of America (some accurate, some absurd, some insulting), one can similarly encounter American stereotypes of China in the US. - All Chinese know kungfu and dress like Huang Feihong. (Source: Jet Li, Jackie Chan, and Bruce Lee [Li Xiaolong] movies). - Anything to do with China is "ancient" and "mysterious." (Source: the fact that Chinese language seems to be made up of "mysterious symbols" to Western eyes, movies about Chinese history). - All Chinese are "brainwashed" into worshipping Chairman Mao and can't think independently. (Source: studying the Cultural Revolution in high school history classes.) - "Guangdonghua" (Cantonese) is the official language of China. (Source: Hong Kong movies, Chinese-American immigrants who came to the US from Guangdong and Hong Kong during the 19th and 20th centuries). - Chinese culture is basically the same today as it was 1,000 years ago (eg, "traditional, conservative, polite," etc.). (Source: studying Chinese history without being familiar with...
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...business activities in different economies such as the United States & China in terms of political, economic, social & ethical factors. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary:..............................................................................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4 Conducting Business Internationally..................................................................................................5 Impact & Role of Culture...................................................................................................................7 Difference between Western & Eastern cultures...............................................................................8 Lenovo in China / Eastern Culture....................................................................................................10 Lenovo in USA / Western Culture....................................................................................................12 Current Affairs.................................................................................................................................13 Conclusion:..........................................................................................................................................14 Reference List............................................
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...toward Online Shopping: A Comparison of Online Consumers in China and the US * Department of Marketing, Howard University, 2600 6th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA Department of Marketing, The George Washington University, Funger 301D, 2201 G Street, NW, Washington DC, 20052, USA ^ Department of Marketing, Towson University, Stephens Hall 123, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, USA 1 gong.gw@gmail.com; 2maddox@gwu.edu; 3rstump@towson.edu market, one that is striving to transform its economy from being manufacturing-based to technology-based. The Chinese government has attached great importance to e-tailing in spurring economic growth and recently has released a series of policies to regularize and guide Internet and e-tailing development (6). Furthermore, China has overtaken Japan as the world's second-largest economy and is predicted to replace the US as the world's top economy in roughly a decade (12). Collectively, all of these factors bode well for an improving etailing environment in China. The focus of this study is to examine whether online consumers in China and the US share similar attitudes with regard to online shopping. While there is a wealth of research focusing on online shopping behaviour in Western countries, relatively little research has compared consumer attitudes toward online shopping across nations. Reflecting the call by Van Slyke, Belanger and Sridhar (13) for more cross-cultural comparison research on consumers’ e-tailing attitudes and behaviour,...
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