...MMPBL/500 8/14/2010 Decision Making can be regarded as, the cognitive process resulting in the selection a course of action among several alternatives. Logical decision making is a very important part of all profession especially management, where as a team’s knowledge is applied to certain problems and help in making informed decisions. Management performance in decision making has been the subject of active research from many perspectives. I’ll be focusing on the following models; defining the problem verses decision making, cognitive and personal biases, and optimizing and satisfying choices. It is very essential to differentiate between the problem and the decision making. Bateman & Snell mentioned that, the first stage of decision making process is to recognize that a problem exists and it must be solved (2004). There six decision making steps. They are as follows; identifying and diagnosing the problem, generating alternatives solutions, evaluating alternatives, making the choice, implementing the decision and evaluation the decision. There are also, incorporated by Bateman &Snell (2004). With that being said, it is important to distinguish between what has and hasn’t been affected by the problem. Problems are usually caused by some change from a distinctive feature. On the other hand, alternatives must be evaluated against all objectives to make a better decision. Kepner Trego mentioned that, decisive actions are taken and additional decisions help to prevent adverse...
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...The Merger: Transition Plan I ORG 502 September 18, 2009 Transition Plan I The purpose of this Transition Plan is to document the process of changes that are necessary to make the merger-acquisition succeed for Merger’s Inc. First the discussion highlights issues that occur during a transition followed by utilization of motivation concepts. Next, this plan will discuss the importance of employee job satisfaction in relation to departmental performance. Lastly, a brief discussion will ensue regarding perceptions and their role in decision making. Expected issues with merger A number of problems will manifest before, during, and after the merger and acquisition process. One key element to be considered is job roles. “Some executives may have a bitter taste in their mouths about how negotiations unfolded or be resentful of the outcome, causing hard feelings about titles, roles, responsibilities and compensation” (Miles & Bennett, 2008, p. 60). In addition, rumors and cliques can be damaging to companies in the midst of a merger and acquisition; for example, “Cliques are harmful because they contribute significantly to information asymmetries within the top management team and slow down the team’s development” (Miles & Bennett 2008, p. 63). Rumors create misinformation and elevate uncertainty amongst all lines of employment from the top, down. Rumors must be contained and eliminated immediately. The selection process during and after a merger and...
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...to direct U.S. leaders’ decisions and unite Americans in the war against the Soviets (Kirby, 2003; Grimshaw, 2011; Winsboro 2009; Gaddis 1997). Emerging out of studies of the cultural dimension of the Cold War, the “religious Cold War” has become a subject of focus for scholars in the past two decades. Dianne Kirby, a professor of history at the University of Ulster, is the primary voice in the literature surrounding religion and the Cold War. Kirby argues that ideology, specifically the religious component, is key to comprehending “perceptions of and responses to the Soviet Union,” beyond the traditional...
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...NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Jeffrey D. Simmons THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures: If requested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. The assignment header should include the Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number (DoeJXXX0000-1) justified to the left and the page number justified to the right. Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. | | MGT7019-8 | Dr. Chad McAllister | | | Foundations for Doctoral Study in Business | SIMMONSMGT7019-8-ASSGN#1 | | | All work submitted is original and my own intellectual property. I am open to guidance and instruction that enable me to achieve my educational goal of excellence. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...and the problem at hand. Good decision-making requires a combination of skills: first recognizing there is a problem, intuition, reasoning deductive and inductive, critical thinking, select your best solution and make and enforce your decision. As for conflict resolution I choose collaborative negotiation because the people involved work together towards an equally beneficial outcome. Also, with collaborative negotiation there is an enormous concentration on the welfare of the people involved while preserving an optimistic relationship. Plus, because many real-world problems...
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...Chapter 2 Making Decisions In this chapter, students will explore the importance of decision-making to managers and learn how to make effective decisions. |LEARNING OBJECTIVES | | 1. Describe the eight steps in the decision-making process. 2. Explain the four ways managers make change. 3. Classify decisions and decision-making conditions. 4. Describe different decision-making styles and discuss how biases affect decision making. 5. Identify effective decision-making techniques. |It’s Your Career | | Be a Better Decision Maker Decisions are an essential part of your life, personally and professionally. Each and every day is a series of decisions, from minor to significant, and everything in between. Good decision-making is a skill, and like any skill, it can be learned and improved. So, how can you improve your decision-making skills? The chapter outlines four things students need to know; each numbered item will be described further in the chapter: 1. Know, understand, and use the decision-making process. Yes, there is a “method” to making decisions that takes you from identifying problems to evaluating the effectiveness of your decision. It works. Know it. Understand it. Use it. 2. Know when and how to use rational or intuitive decision-making...
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...Chapter 2 Making Decisions In this chapter, students will explore the importance of decision-making to managers and learn how to make effective decisions. |LEARNING OBJECTIVES | | 1. Describe the eight steps in the decision-making process. 2. Explain the four ways managers make change. 3. Classify decisions and decision-making conditions. 4. Describe different decision-making styles and discuss how biases affect decision making. 5. Identify effective decision-making techniques. |It’s Your Career | | Be a Better Decision Maker Decisions are an essential part of your life, personally and professionally. Each and every day is a series of decisions, from minor to significant, and everything in between. Good decision-making is a skill, and like any skill, it can be learned and improved. So, how can you improve your decision-making skills? The chapter outlines four things students need to know; each numbered item will be described further in the chapter: 1. Know, understand, and use the decision-making process. Yes, there is a “method” to making decisions that takes you from identifying problems to evaluating the effectiveness of your decision. It works. Know it. Understand it. Use it. 2. Know when and how to use rational or intuitive decision-making or both. Different...
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...of discerning what is real. Reality consists of everything we encounter. Our thoughts, perceptions, feelings, dreams, and even delusions, living and dying; are all involved in this experience we know as realness. The physical world is more real than the spiritual or psychological world, because its not a world of fabrication or imagery, yet an ultimately real atmosphere for the mortal spirit. The spirit world is an independent domain of reality, however it fuses with the physical world. Yes, there is a such thing as a soul. In mortals the soul is what makes us mortals, the body acts as the armor for the soul. The soul cannot survive outside of the body. Each individual has free will it is our preferences/decisions that influence us to the passages that we are on and the passages that we will acquire in the future. Our free will is what establishes our fate. Epistemology: Epistemology is a category of philosophy that researches the basis, character, means, and restrictions of mortal ability. Anything can be known, its comprehending and perceiving the aspect of what is known that is the troublesome part. The basis for knowledge is genuine ideas and standards and rational approaches for utilizing those ideas and standards. It is innate, because the adequacy we have to learn essentially occurs at birth. All knowledge appears to have a subjective component in the perception that there should be a knowing subject for anything to be known. The use, quest, and the...
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... It signifies what the emblem presently stands for. it is a assembly of convictions order about a exact brand. In short, it is not anything but the consumers’ perception about the product. it is the kind inside which a particular emblem is positioned in the market. Emblem likeness expresses emotional worth and not just a mental representation. Emblem image is not anything but aide degree organization’s feature. it is aide degree accumulation of contact and fact by individuals external to an association. It ought to focus aide degree organization’s operation and dream to any or all. The major parts of positive emblem image are- exclusive emblem reflective organization’s likeness, saying recounting organization’s business in short and emblem identifier carrying the key values. Brand image is that the overall impression in consumers’ mind that's formed from all sources. shoppers develop various associations with the brand. supported these associations, they form brand image. an image is made about the brand on the idea of subjective perceptions of associations bundle that the shoppers have about the brand. Volvo is associated with safety. Toyota is associated with reliableness Image of a brand has a great impact on consumer’s preferences, because it’s the current view of a product according to the customer’s perception, it’s the way a consumer identifies the product, which depends on many factors like the reputation of a manufacturer, brand name itself, packaging of the product...
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...capitalize on. To fully saturate the market, and understand, and meet the needs, wants and the demands of the consumers, key solutions will be identified by answering questions like: what motives do men have to use cosmetics, how do men learn about cosmetics, and how marketing to males differs from marketing to females. In addition to these questions other specifics will be addressed as well. ANALYSIS: When it comes to purchasing cosmetics and other appearance enhancers, men have a variety of motives that induce problem recognition, which leads them to explore different solutions. A large chunk of today’s men seek to associate themselves as being groomed, prestigious, and trendy. These motives can be stimulated by both rational and emotional ideas. Some of the rational thought processes that lead men to indulge in these products come from cultural factors. Both culture and subculture influences individuals heavily on what they perceive as acceptable and unacceptable behavior. As mentioned in the article sales for male cosmetics are booming in countries like the United States, Japan and Brazil, but many countries weren’t even identified as being...
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...different components of organizational justice: i. Distributive justice – the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are allocated ii. Procedural justice – the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions iii. Interactional justice – the extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010) Bill Bailey’s concerns regarding the merger focus mainly on the financial stability and flexibility of the opera versus the symphony and the fear that the opera will lose its identity. According to Mr. Bailey, the opera has a reserve fund and is financially stable. In addition, as a result of the current business model, the opera has the flexibility to adjust the size of opera or eliminate projects if necessary, while the symphony has a 52-week orchestra without any flexibility. According to Kreitner & Kinicki (2010) there are six practical implications within the equity theory that Bill Bailey can utilize to gain support for the merger. The first implication is to determine the employees’ perceptions of what is fair and equitable. Second, it is important to involve employees in the decision making process and give them a voice. Third, employees should have...
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...sector as it brags real-time data analysis and virtually flawless reporting capabilities. Artificial intelligence respectfully enhances industry to better forecast product demand, inventory and distribution and financial markets. When strategically employed this technology offers business managers the ability to make educated decisions in less time that yield the most impact and greater returns. It removes most of the requirement for human rational and replaces it with cold hard facts leaving minimal room for error. The term Artificial Intelligence was crafted by John McCarthy in the 1950’s at Darmouth College (WebDevFaq). The premise of the technology is to imitate the intelligent processes of the human brain by performing reasoning and logic based computing based on sets of rules. As an AI application is utilized it learns from the input and output of data and has the ability to identify patterns that are also used as a subset of rules to produce tailored responses. Its primary charter is to increase the efficiency of tasks that would usually be performed by a human being and removes the personal judgment and intuition work from the decision making process and replaces it with real-time, exact and informative expertise. PRODUCT DEMAND, INVENTORY AND DISTRIBUTION The days of crunching statistics, evaluating sales history and studying human behavior to guesstimate consumer demand of a certain product are coming to an end thanks to Artificial Intelligence. Gene Tanski...
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...RJFT Task 1 Utah Symphony and Utah Opera: A Merger Proposal Unlike major arts organizations in Europe and Canada that rely heavily on government agencies for their funding, orchestras and opera companies in the United States operate under a very different financial model. Income to support these organizations is generated primarily through ticket stales (approximately 46%) and individual contributions (approximately 36%) (Alexander, 2004). Since September 11, 2001, all arts organizations in this country have experienced a dramatic decline in public and government subsidies that has led to major loss of revenues for many of them. As a result, several arts organizations have made the decision to merge. To gain a better understanding of positions for or against the merger of the Utah Symphony and Utah Opera, I have explored motivations of various constituents. Below is a summary for use by Anne Ewers to think through potential issues that may arise during the merger process. Although the Utah Opera Organization’s Chairman of the Board, Bill Bailey supports the merger with the Utah Symphony, there is some hesitation on his part. Currently the Utah Opera Organization is financially stable, however its’ continued viability could be in jeopardy due to a decline in support of the arts (both private and public) possibly due to a negative overall world economic climate. To encourage the support of the Utah Opera Organization’s principals and constituents, Mr. Bailey could...
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...JOURNAL ON EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT JOURNAL ON EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT DR. ELSA E. GUMIRAN PROFESSOR DR. ELSA E. GUMIRAN PROFESSOR MELISSA F. PANAGA M.A ED. STUDENT MELISSA F. PANAGA M.A ED. STUDENT THEORIES OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION: Education is the key to change the traditional way of living and to open the gate of modern way of life. As a result, the management of educational organization is regarded as one of the most important management angles in the society. Educational management, according to researcher Tony Bush argues that education management has to be concerned with the purpose or aims of education. These objectives or aims serve to provide a crucial sense of direction in managing educational institutions. At the heart of education management is the process of deciding on the goals and objectives of the educational institution. In some schools, universities and colleges, it is the principal or the president, whichever is the title of the organization’s highest official that decides these goals and objectives. Often, this is done with the help of the principal or president’s senior colleagues and even the school board or its stakeholders, in the case of a private corporation. However, in many educational institutions, education management with respect to goal setting is a corporate activity done by formal bodies or informal groups or individuals. The other...
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... Chairman of the Board for the Utah Opera will have to consider whether or not he will support the merger and if the merger will produce valued outcomes. There are three concepts that are key in Vroom’s expectancy theory: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that those that work hard at becoming proficient at a certain task, perform at a higher level than those that put out little effort. Instrumentality is the perception of the performance outcome. The general belief is that a certain...
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