...world. In the present time, these diseases are cured or contained by vaccines. A couple centuries ago, doctor Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796. He discovered this vaccine by observing his ambiance. Jenner realized that milkmaids (tend to cattle) frequently contracted cowpox, but after they convalesced they were immune to the deadlier disease smallpox. So Jenner said, “Why not infect people with cowpox to confer immunity to the more dangerous disease.” With his research, he got the pus from a milkmaid who had cowpox and put it on a small healthy eight-year-old boys cut. Eventually, the boy was infected with cowpox, how Jenner predicted. When he was done recovering, Jenner took the riskiest step there is. Jenner deliberately injected the smallpox disease into the kid. This was a dangerous step because smallpox resulted in thousands of deaths every year or left the person disfigured. Thankfully, the boy...
Words: 1627 - Pages: 7
...would send you into hysterics. Vaccines were something none of us enjoyed while growing up, but if you think about it, who actually enjoys getting a shot. We may have not known the meaning behind these vaccines, but our parents did and they were protecting us from harmful diseases. Diseases that could end up fatal. Something we never had to think about until we became or become parents ourselves. What? You’re going to be parents? Congratulations, that is wonderful! Now you have all these decisions to make, including healthcare. Finally the wonderful day arrives and you may now understand the things that your parents worried about as you were growing up that you never understood. So, now with your newborn you head off to the pediatricians office for his or hers first wellness visit to make sure your baby is healthy. As the doctor starts to speak with you about vaccines for your child, you have all these questions going through your mind. You question side effects, vaccine schedules, and most importantly the rumors of mercury in vaccines. There are four types of vaccines for immunizations. Live attenuated, which includes measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined), Varicella (Chickenpox), Influenza (nasal spray), and Rotavirus. The inactivated killed vaccines include Polio (IPV), and Hepatitis A. The Toxoid, which is an inactivated toxin, is part of the DTaP combined immunization of Diphtheria and Tetanus. Last there is the Subunit conjugate vaccines which include Hepatitis B, Influenza(injection)...
Words: 1002 - Pages: 5
...family refuses vaccination that they have waivers certified by the local health department (Erb, 2014). Families continue to battle against mandatory vaccinations regardless of the obstacles put before them. So what is the problem with families not vaccinating? Some would argue that the reason is simple, a child’s immune system is more vulnerable without vaccines. Millions of lives have been saved from life-threatening diseases and death. The consequences that go along with being anti-vaccinations affects more than the person refusing the shot, it affects any person that comes into contact with them. From mumps, to pertussis to the measles, diseases once thought to be eradicated are coming back because people are not being vaccinated as the once were (Roush,...
Words: 892 - Pages: 4
...CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or anyone else for any class. I further declare I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas, and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. I have obtained written permission from the copyright holder for any trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet or other sources. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): _Marie Jean, Carrie Johnson, Paul Gauthier, Mike Waidlich________ Marie Jean WEEK II LEARNING TEAM Find articles that your team feels would give them a balanced view on these issues. Cite your sources. Summarize the article. The key question to cover in detail is the following: Tell why you see these as credible sources. Use the following to guide your discussion of “credibility” of your source. To determine credibility, you must “confirm the veracity” of your own research. Specifically, you must evaluate your source materials to make sure the evidence you use is relevant, sound, valid, and objective. Before you decide to use a source, examine the following issues: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccine_Monitoring/Index...
Words: 1118 - Pages: 5
...TO: President Barack Obama FROM: Sally Choi RE: Vaccine Mandates Regulation DATE: April 22nd , 2015 Problem Statement: What actions or measures can President Barack Obama take in order to balance the need to protect the public’s health in addressing concerns of citizens who may object to mandatory immunization requirements? Background: In the United States, virtually every state has enacted legislation in which they mandate some level of compulsory vaccinations for its citizens. In order for a child to attend public schools, they must receive all required vaccinations. Throughout history, many have disagreed and opposed vaccinations for various reasons. Many of the citizens do not believe that vaccines mandates to be constitutional. Also, many do not believe the state legislatures have the power to require everyone to receive certain vaccinations and view the authority as a violation of their constitutional rights. Recently, there has been an increase in people who are against to vaccinations as a possible factor to Autism in children. Also, religious beliefs play a role in opposing vaccinations for themselves and their children. These have built anger and opposition to the states mandates of some vaccinations. In 1813, United States Vaccine Agency was established. “The U.S. Congress authorized and James Madison signed ‘An Act to Encourage Vaccination,’ establishing a National Vaccine Agency” (History of Vaccines RSS). This Act was the first push by the United States...
Words: 2388 - Pages: 10
...topic of discussion. Vaccines are a safe and effective way to prevent the spread of disease. Although we can attribute the eradication and control of many diseases to vaccinations, there are still many Americans who are refusing to vaccinate their children based on their belief in a few unfounded fears. Most of these fears that the anti vaccine community believes are centered around the health risks involved with the practice of vaccinating. The majority of these fears have been disproven through extensive research. With the continued research and innovations of the leading scientists in vaccines, vaccines will become safer and more readily available to people around the world. Vaccinating is the most effective way to keep the public healthy by preventing and eliminating diseases and by preventing future outbreaks. Before the Scientist Edward Jenner introduced vaccines, it was a common to hear about deaths from diseases such as Smallpox, Rubella, Polio, Measles, Tetanus, and Diphtheria. Once these diseases were introduced into a community, they seemed to spread quickly, taking many victims with them. Today, because of the implementation of vaccines, this is a very uncommon occurrence. Hearing about someone being infected with these diseases is rare, and hearing about a death due to these diseases is even more rare. According to the Center for Disease Control, most of these diseases have decreases by ninety-nine percent in the United States, since the vaccine has been introduced...
Words: 2558 - Pages: 11
...Vaccinations: The Greatest Health Development of Modern History Dr. Carl Sagan, a renowned Cornell-educated academic and astronomer, once stated that “Advances in medicine and agriculture have saved vastly more lives than have been lost in all the wars in history” (Sagan 15). Of all the advances in medicine throughout history, nothing is more beneficial and effective in the mission to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, than the vaccine. Diseases previously common to man, such as smallpox, polio, and whooping cough, are now prevented by this miracle of medicine, resulting in countless of human lives being saved. Despite controversial and considerable opposition from numerous anti-vaccine movements, vaccines are widely accepted to be...
Words: 688 - Pages: 3
...He was furious, and took it out on his assistant, Emile Roux, saying that he had prepared the vaccine wrong. Pasteur was going to make Roux go and face the public humiliation alone, but later that day, Pasteur received word that the sheep were recovering, so he decided he would attend the meeting. When Pasteur and his assistant arrived at the train station the next morning, they were met with loud cheers, telling them that their vaccine had been successful. By 2:00 that day, 23 of the unvaccinated sheep were dead, by 3:00 the 24th sheep died, and by 4:00 the 25th sheep died; all of the vaccinated sheep were healthy and well. Pasteur’s anthrax vaccine was the first effective protection in human history against infectious diseases. It also provided proof of his theory that germs cause diseases. Pasteur’s creation of the anthrax vaccine opened the door to fighting all sorts of infectious diseases including smallpox, tuberculosis, cholera, etc. Because Pasteur questioned why women were dying during childbirth, decided it was due to germs on the doctor’s hands, and figured out a way to create vaccinations, it is now possible to be vaccinated against infectious diseases, saving millions of lives every...
Words: 447 - Pages: 2
...Anti-vaccination Despite extended benefits demonstrated through immunization programs, parents and vocal groups alike are challenging the administration of inoculations. A history of fraudulent studies introduced the concept of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, adding fuel to the controversial fire of adverse reactions associated with immunizations. Furthermore, organizations in Maine defend philosophical exemptions in schools as their "personal freedom and parental right", disregarding the "imminent danger to others who can't take the vaccine" (Boston Globe, 2015, para. 4). Within the past two decades, opposition...
Words: 742 - Pages: 3
...Vaccines are designed to produce immunity. Viruses in the vaccine cannot reproduce itself or cause diseases because they are made by killing or weakening them. Vaccines are given from the time of infancy. It helps in protecting the body against diseases in the future. Autism Spectrum Disorder, by definition, occurs before age 3 (Miller et al., 2009). It was during the 20th century, it was said that ASD occurred due to the ingredients in the vaccination given to the children. Although, more research and studies have changed the conversation about the effects of vaccines on autism to be more positive based on the history of vaccines, the ingredients in it such as thimerosal, and Wakefield’s fraud study. Starting by talking about the history...
Words: 560 - Pages: 3
...Smallpox and Vaccination Images are a significant tool in the history because it elucidates feelings, behavior and new tendencies in society (Leggat 1995). In the history of vaccines, it is not different; there are many pictures that explain reality in different societies at different times. From this context, this essay will analyze two pictures that link smallpox early attempts of treatment in two different societies. The first selected picture was found in AIDS: The Burdens of History a book wrote by Fee and Fox in 1988. The image explains the early vaccination technique called “Jennerian vaccine” that was a prodigious improvement in the history of medicine. I believe that this picture was intentionally made to show how the vaccination...
Words: 465 - Pages: 2
...detrimental to children have been eradicated and others are close to an end, mostly due to vaccines. Polio is one instance of the profound influence that vaccines had to have in the United States. Polio was once America's most scary illness, causing loss of lives and paralysis across the states, but currently, thanks to vaccinations, there are no reports of polio in the United States. Vaccinations is extremely important to society. vaccinations offer protection not only to the vaccinated person, but also for those who cannot be vaccinated due to genetic reasons, and for children who due to their age have not been vaccinated. Vaccinations are significant for the whole society, and the consequences of low vaccination rates are not limited...
Words: 632 - Pages: 3
...research on Immunizations because I really think I can deliver a good paper on this subject. I have wanted to dig into the controversy about immunizations for a while now. The main reason is that my wife was not immunized and it was a strong desire of hers that her kids are not immunized. I was immunized and always thought I would immunize my children. I think this subject for me would be extremely beneficial to learn more about. There have been numerous claims of immunizations causing autism, and other serious medical conditions. Are theses claims all hype or are they truth? This is what I intend to learn for myself. In the early 1900's we as a people started with one vaccine against small pox. To vaccinate fully in today's society it means 48 vaccines in the first 6 years of your child's life. That is a lot of vaccines compared to twenty years ago, but is it worth the risk? I am the father of two small children and the idea of something happening to them on my watch scares me to death. For me to take them to the doctor and have an immunization give them brain damage or worse is just not a scenario that I would be able to cope with. The flipside however is that immunizations are there so that when a virus like polio or whooping cough goes viral the child that has had the immunizations are much safer. The research question is, Are Immunizations worth the risk? There is so much information on this subject and I am very excited to find out more about it. 2. The main source of...
Words: 602 - Pages: 3
...attending school. Those shots are called vaccinations and they are important in helping your immune system fight off serious illness and could even prevent diseases. Although vaccines do in fact carry some antigens to the disease, they are weakened so that your bodies immune system can fight off the disease and produce antibodies that will help the body become immune to that type of disease. Like mentioned before, vaccines are very important for the body’s immune system and fighting off diseases. Common diseases like polio, measles, tetanus and haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) can be prevented by getting a vaccination. According to http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines “Children are born with an immune system composed of cells, glands, organs, and fluids located throughout the body. The immune system recognizes germs that enter the body as "foreign invaders” (called antigens) and produces proteins called antibodies to fight them.” The sooner you get the vaccine, the better that way your body will be able to fight off the disease because of the immunity created by the vaccination you received. The body may not be strong enough to fight the disease. Before vaccines, many children died from diseases that vaccines now prevent, such as whooping cough, measles, and polio.” Now that we have developed the vaccines we have saved lives of many. Even after years of getting the vaccinations, our body will still produce the antibodies faster so that you don’t have to encounter the disease...
Words: 1111 - Pages: 5
...Professor MacDougall started the lecture with the discussion of why one studies history, stating disease is a universal experience, and transcend race, gender, and class. She expressed how smallpox is part of the Orthopox family, with a variola major virus which is more deadly than the variola minor virus. There were many attempts at vaccination, once incident where they would extract the puss from one victim, and insert into a healthy person for them to become immune. However, all this would do is spread the disease further. Then Edward Jenner tested his theory of injecting cow pox into a volunteer. This vaccination proved to be effective. In 1948, with the creation of the World Health Organization people believed it was time to eradicate...
Words: 797 - Pages: 4
