...Advanced Object-Oriented Analysis & DesignDiploma in ITYear 2 (2015/16) Semester 4 | Week 4 | | 3 hours | Moving into Design | OBJECTIVES The objective of this set of exercises is to learn: * the difference between analysis and design * the difference between logical and physical design * the difference between system and detailed design * the major concerns of system design * the characteristics of a good design * the need to make trade-offs in design. ACTIVITIES 1. What are the advantages of separating the analysis and design phases of a system development project? 2. What are the advantages of separating the analysis and design activities of a system development project? 3. The NPCineplex system handles the booking of tickets at a movie theatre. For each of the elements below, determine if it represents analysis, logical design or physical design, and tick the corresponding box. | | Analysis | LogicalDesign | PhysicalDesign | a. | The seat bookings are represented by a 2D array of Seats. | | | | b. | The seat bookings are stored in an SQL database. | | | | c. | Users choose the seats to be booked by tapping them on the touchscreen. | | | | d. | Customers can pay for their tickets by cash or credit card. | | | | e. | Customers can cancel their bookings up to 24 hours before the start of the movie, but they must pay a cancellation fee. | | | | f. | A movie session is specified by the movie title, date, time and theatre...
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...assessment of the student’s learning progress. Yes, my students learned what was intended, however, only 70% of my students accurately completed the lesson assessment individual sheet. The students who did not accurately completed the sheet appears to have misapplied the rounding rules for rounding numbers left to right. In addition, one student in particular rounds the number to the nearest tens instead of the tenth place. The teacher will meet these students in a one and one Math conference and reteach place value using games and other hands-on activities. 2. What do student work samples from this lesson, reveal about...
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...SIGNIFICANT FIGURES - Mathematical Operations ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION: When adding or subtracting numbers, count the NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACESto determine the number of significant figures. The answer cannot CONTAIN MORE PLACES AFTER THE DECIMAL POINT THAN THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACES in the numbers being added or subtracted. Example: 23.112233 | (6 places after the decimal point) | 1.3324 | (4 places after the decimal point) | + 0.25 | (2 places after the decimal point) | 24.694633 | (on calculator) | 24.69 | (rounded to 2 places in the answer) | Note: There are 4 significant figures in the answer. MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION: When multiplying or dividing numbers, count the NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. The answer cannot CONTAIN MORE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES THAN THE NUMBER BEING MULTIPLIED OR DIVIDED with the LEAST NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. Example: 23.123123 | (8 significant figures) | x 1.3344 | (5 significant figures) | 30.855495 | (on calculator) | 30.855 | (rounded to 5 significant figures) | The rules governing fundamental operations involving significant figures are: In addition and subtraction, identify first the s.f. in the decimal point of each given measurement. second, add or subtract(depends on the operation given) the given measurement and finally, your answer must have the least decimal point as the least accurate given measurement. For example: 2.51 + 3.98000 The given 2.51 contains 2 decimal place while 3.98000 contains...
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...to the very foundation on which they were constructed upon. This happened to Intel when they decided to release a microprocessor that they knew had a defect, but went ahead and released it anyway. In June 1944, Intel engineers discovered the flaw in the floating-point math subsection of the new Pentium microprocessor. “Under certain data dependent conditions, low order bits of the result of floating-point division operations would be incorrect, an error that can quickly compound in floating-point operations to much larger errors in subsequent calculations.” (Engineer, 2008) There was a sequence of numbers a user could enter in the OS calculator that showed the error. This rounding error didn’t occur every time, just once every “27,000 years,” or so they thought. In reality, for most typical users, this rounding error would be noticed, on average, every 24 days. After the release, in October of 1994, Dr. Thomas Nicely, a professor of mathematics at Lynchburg College, discovered the bug. Upon the finding of this error, professor Nicely contacted Intel about the issue he discovered in the new microprocessor. After weeks of hearing nothing in return, professor Nicely posted a message on InternetWord. Intel’s reaction to this news was that it was a minor issue and nothing to concern the public with. After this The New York Times ran a piece by John Markoff spotlighting the error. (Engineer, 2008) At this point Intel changed its position and offered to replace every chip. Before...
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...The Pentium FDIV Bug La Keith Lee EN1320 COMP 1 The Pentium FDIV Bug * On certain input data, the FPDIC (Floating Point Divide Instructions) on the Pentium processor produce inaccurate results. * The error can occur in any of the three operating precisions, namely single, double, or extended, for the divide instruction. However it has been noted that far fewer failures are found in a single precision than double or extended precisions. * The incidence of the problem is independent of the processor rounding modes. * The occurrence of the problem is highly dependent on the input data. Only certain data will trigger the problem. There is a probability that 1 out of 9 billion randomly fed divide or remainder instructions will produce inaccurate results. * The degree of inaccuracy depends on the input data and upon the instructions involved. * The problem does not occur on the specific use of the divide instruction to compute the reciprocal of the input operand in single precision. The bug affects any instruction that references the lookup table or calls FDIV. Related instructions that are affected by the bug are FDIVP, FDIVR, FDIVRP, FIDIV, FIDIVR, FPREM, and FPREMI. The instructions FPTAN and FPATAN are also susceptible. The instructions FYL2x, FYL2XP, FSIN, FCOS, and FSINCOS, were a suspect but are now considered safe. Intel has adopted a no-question-asked replacement policy for its customers with the Pentium FDIV bug. It has done a statistical research...
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...Case Study: Bank Of America How it learned that what customers really want is to Keep the Change THE PROBLEM Innovation in services is rare. In financial services, the last big breakthrough was online banking, nearly a decade ago. In October, 2005, Bank of America (BAC ) brought out a radically different product that broke the paradigm. It's called Keep the Change.The cocept solves a critical banking problem -- how to get consumers to open new accounts. The product works like this: Every time you buy something with a BofA Visa debit card, the bank rounds up your purchase to the nearest dollar and transfers the difference from your checking into your savings account. It also matches 100% of transfers for the first three months, and 5% of the annual total, up to $250 a year. Since the launch, 2.5 million customers have signed up for Keep the Change. Over 700,000 have opened new checking accounts and 1 million have signed on for new savings accounts. THE RESEARCH How did Bank of America create Keep the Change? In the spring of 2004, it hired an innovation and design research firm in Palo Alto, Calif., to help conceive of and conduct ethnographic research on boomer-age women with children. The goal was to discover how to get this consumer segment to open new checking and savings accounts. For the next two months, a team of five BofA researchers and four researchers from a West Coast consulting firm visited Atlanta, Baltimore, and San Francisco. They observed a dozen...
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...leader in automobile manufacturing, beautiful architecture, or the world most amazing sceneries. We think peace. Never would we ever imagine a darker side to this mostly peaceful culture. We refer to a dark side where some of our closest friends and believe by some people, relatives are slaughtered. No, we are not referring to another event such events at Pearl Harbor or other atrocities. We are referring to the slaughter at Taiji Cove. More than 20,000 dolphins are killed or rounded up and sold around the world for aquarium display from this location each year alone. The smartest animals of the sea and our closest relatives; why kill them. In a season that last from September to March. The local government places a quota on rounding up dolphins and small whales 2,026 per season (Wakatsuk, 2014). Tiaji locals believe it is customary perfectly fine to kill the dolphin. According to CNN locals believe it is no different than killing other animals for meat. (Wakatsuk, 2014). Organizations such as Sea Shepherd are leading the way to end the practice and Japanese leaders that to continue only brings shame and dishonor about the image of Japan (Sea Sheperd, 2014). Reference Wakatsuk, Y. (2014). CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/20/world/asia/japan-dolphin-hunt/index.html Sea Sheperd. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.seashepherd.org/world-love-for-dolphins-day.html Slide 1 JAPAN Known for: Amazing Architecture Beautiful...
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...A. Rounding and Truncation 1. When rounding a student’s grade to a whole number, you look at the thousandth’s place to see if that number is higher or lower than 5. Student 1 had 299 points out of a total of 334. Without rounding the quotient is .895, meaning Student 1 would be rounded up to .90 which would then be an A. 2. Truncation is a little different. When truncating, you just remove any numbers after the desired position. This means Student 1 would still be left with a B because you would just drop the 5 in the .895 leaving Student 1 with an 89 percent. 3. Taxpayers would prefer to have truncating instead of rounding. Any time the rounding concerns how much money is paid, the payer would much rather have percentage points truncated whereas the payee would prefer to see rounding take place. The more money that is made, the larger the difference in what is paid out or potentially paid out depending on whether percentages are rounded or truncated. a. An example to look out would be taxpayers who make $100,000 per year with an income tax rate of 27.8%. Each of these individuals would save $1,000 if truncating was being used. The government likes to have payers round. Each of the taxpayers making $100,000 would then be paying the previously mentioned extra $1,000. Say there are 100 taxpayers making that much money, then the government would be receiving $100,000 more just from rounding 27.8% up to 28%. What an enormous difference for...
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...measurements without experimental uncertainty. By convention, a mass measured to 13.2 g is said to have an absolute uncertainty of 0.1 g and is said to have been measured to the nearest 0.1 g. In other words, we are somewhat uncertain about that last digit —it could be a "2"; then again, it could be a "1" or a "3". A mass of 13.20 g indicates an absolute uncertainty of 0.01 g. The objectives of this tutorial are: —Explain the concept of signficant figures. —Define rules for deciding the number of significant figures in a measured quantity. —Explain the concept of an exact number. —Define rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number calculated as a result of a mathematical operation. —Explain rules for rounding numbers. —Present guidelines for using a calculator. —Provide some exercises to test your skill at significant figures. What is a "significant figure"? The number of significant figures in a result is simply the number of figures that are known with some degree of reliability. The number 13.2 is said to have 3 significant figures. The number 13.20 is said to have 4 significant figures. Rules for deciding the number of significant figures in a measured quantity: (1) All nonzero digits are significant: 1.234 g has 4 significant figures, 1.2 g has 2 significant figures. (2) Zeroes between nonzero digits are significant: 1002 kg has 4 significant figures, 3.07 mL has 3 significant figures. (3) Leading zeros to the left of the...
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...Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) Overview Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) System References None Distribution Job Title* Ownership The Job Title [list@YourCompany.com?Subject=EDUxxxxx] is responsible for ensuring that this document is necessary and that it reflects actual practice. Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) [pic] Schedule: Timing Topic minutes Lecture minutes Practice minutes Total Objectives [pic] Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) Overview [pic] Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) Overview [pic] Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) Overview This diagram shows a hierarchy of the AMB, indicating how the components fit together. The transaction objects and the sources carry transaction information into the rules defined for each component of an entry. These components, i.e. journal line type, account derivation rule, and journal entry descriptions are grouped together as a journal line definition (JLD) for a particular event. For example, you can set up a JLD for an invoice validation event, another for payment creation, and another for payment clearing. The set of rules for a particular subledger application is called the application accounting definition (AAD). The set of AADs for multiple applications is called the subledger accounting method. You can maintain multiple accounting methods. You can set up as many components as you like and use them for different accounting...
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...Theme: There is always going to be information asymmetry between the investors in the public markets and the management inside the company because if everything were out in public, the firm would lose all competitive advantages. To combat this, full and timely disclosure will reduce the adverse selection problem so that markets work better, but adverse selection will never fully disappear. Insights: The fundamental value of a firm will always be larger than the efficient market price of a firm because there is a layer of inside information between the two values. The purpose of financial reporting is to make the publicly available information about the firm increase in order to shrink the gap between the two values. The possibility of adverse selection, insiders profiting off of their insider information at the disadvantage of outside investors, creates estimation risk for investors so they will effectively raise the cost of capital for the firm in order to compensate for this estimation risk. Since the reporting of all inside information is too costly compared to its benefits, the problem of adverse selection will continue to be present. In discussion about full disclosure, we should treat regulation like a “stick” and requires penalties to enforce it. However, the need for regulation will be reduced to the extent that “carrots”, like increased share price and lower cost of capital, begin to motivate full disclosure. These carrot and stick concepts are played out in the...
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...Chapter 2: Success sustaining values Values – Company’s treasure 1. Excellence 2. Innovation 3. Respect 4. Joy 5. Integrity 6. Social profit 7. Teamwork Chapter 3: Leading with values Roles of Value driven leader 1. Articulating the dream – “reason for being”. Company’s aspiration and why are they important. 2. Defining organizational success – define and work towards your dream. 3. Living the values – to do what you believe in. communicating the values at work place. 4. Cultivating leadership – inspired leadership. Existence of middle managers who bring their leadership qualities that sustain success. 5. Asserting values at times of crisis – handling crisis. 6. Challenging the status quo – make things happen. Example Midwest’s CHIP. Perpetual innovation. 7. Encouraging heart – with caring and encouragement leaders uplift the spirits and kindle the energy of people at work who may be wearing down. Chapter 4: Strategic Focus I. A constancy of purpose – Firms benefit from a clear strategy. Core Values (Cant change) -> Core Strategy(rare change) -> Integrated sub strategies (frequent change) -> Execution(continuous change) Core Values – 1. Identify customers 2. Identify purpose 3. Undeserved market segments 4. Serve in superior manner 5. Focus on core strategy Products change, needs don’t! Integrated sub strategies 1. Competitive advantage and sustainable success some from entire...
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...What values appear to be driving the doctors and nurses in the hospitals to treat heart attack patients? From the case study, the eleven hospitals utilize 90 minutes or less to deliver therapy in order to restore blood flow to heart attack patients. The followings are the values that appear to drive the doctors and nurses in the hospitals to treat the heart attack patients: (a) The hospitals are well organized, they have ability to reward high quality performance, and are flexible enough to deal with setbacks. (b) Teamwork is another important value that drives doctors and nurses when treating heart attack patients. This is important because they need to work quickly. (c) All the hospitals shared the same core values, they were committed to reducing delays throughout their process, they provided real-time data feedback to measure success and had innovative protocols and flexibility in refining their protocols. (d) Effective communication and ethics is also critical. Doctors and nurses commit to their profession not only for financial gain, but also because they value human life and want to make a difference in the world by preserving life. They are also sensitive to their patients’ needs. Without these values it would not be feasible for the hospital to maintain their success and reputation of delivering therapy to restore blood flow to heart attack patients in only 90 minutes or less. This huge accomplishment can only be achieved when the foundation and core values of an...
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...Internet marketing strategy of | Intymna.pl | | Ewa Czerechowicz | 2013-06-13 | Content About Intymna.pl 3 Defining values 5 Creating values 7 Communicating values 8 Value delivery 9 Summary 11 About Intymna.pl The company, founded in 2001, is the leader of online lingerie sales in Polish e-commerce. Their offer includes not only underwear, but also: clothing, leather goods, jewelry and cosmetics. Presently Intymna.pl receives over a million visits monthly and fulfils up to 5000 orders every month. Its customers come from 140 countries. The strength of Intymna.pl is its broad range of products, holding brands sold exclusively and high availability of goods which resulted in gaining trust of thousands of satisfied and loyal customers. According to the report E-commerce 2012 it is the third largest online shop in the “fashion” category. It ranked third in this category also in the report of Money.pl, where as many as 60 criteria are taken into account when assessing the polish online shops. The company has for many years been nominated for rankings and competitions, gradually gaining honours and awards, e. g. the main prize in the "Fashion Website Awards 2010" and honourable mention in the editing of the same in 2011, with distinction in Business Wings ranked 2011 in the category of micro-enterprises. The products offered by the company (in particular, own brands) are appreciated by stylists from the biggest Polish media houses, which results...
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...whether these traditional values became more of a liability during the 1990s and early 2000s. Japanese traditional Confucian culture helped Matsushita become a major economic power during the post-war years and through the 1980s. Just as my group-mate Donald has mentioned, Matsushita agreed to take care of its employees for life by providing many benefits, such as subsidized housing, retirement bonuses, and guaranteed lifetime employment. These benefits have been seen as a motivation for employees’ loyalty and commitment to the corporate. Therefore this traditional culture has built up a good industrial relationship in which the employees worked hard and Matsushita reciprocated by fulfilling their needs and wants. However, the prolonged economic slump that began in the 1990s made these commitments difficult to keep. Matsushita was saddled with high expenses and decided to cut the number of employees, in order words, abandon the lifetime employment. And this decision made many employees lose their confidence and loyalty to Matsushita. However, personally speaking, I don’t agree with the saying that traditional culture is a liability for Matsushita at that time. To better understand, I would like to share with you a video clip from Matsushita’s CEO defining about culture. According to Mr. Taylor, culture is dictated by the management team. Culture is the management style and the direction that management supports. Therefore the traditional Confucian value should not be blamed...
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