...1. This paper will inform the reader about facts regarding the South American country of Venezuela. The paper’s three main topics include Venezuela’s economy and resources, which both revolve primarily around the petroleum industry, Venezuela’s political relations with Russia and China, and finally US national security and trade interests in Venezuela. 2. Nearly two times the size of the state of California according to the CIA World Fact Book, Venezuela is situated on the northern tip of South America. Venezuela’s available natural resources are abundant, and, according to Heather D. Heckle, in her article for the Encyclopedia Britannica, include some of the world’s largest natural gas deposits, iron ore, vast coal reserves, gold, diamonds,...
Words: 946 - Pages: 4
...South America GEA1000 Josslen Leonard South America GEA1000 Josslen Leonard...
Words: 1693 - Pages: 7
...profile of The Bolivarian Republican of Venezuela; in order to study the current situation of the country for further investigations in the future that may help to understand the opportunities and risk involve in importing and opening new markets in Venezuela. The analysis includes reviews and an extensive research about: First the geography and global information to introduce the country; second, the History since the arrival of the Spaniards. The Political analysis will be explained as much detailed as possible due to its specifics characteristics in the recent decades with the Hugo Chavez’s government. He report draws special attention in the Social analysis is one of the main issues to be reviewed due to its importance at the time of making any decision. The economic aspect of course will be in consideration with both: the Official’s figures and the international observer’s ones, the graphics will be analyzed. It will be also mentioned the Business environments and the principal sectors to invest or that could be interesting to sell. To support all the information in the report before any conclusion, it will be used THE SWOT tool to demonstrate why Venezuela is an interesting place to import, especially in the last 5 years. It is not just a country of striking natural beauty, which ranges from the snow-capped Andean peaks in the west, through the Amazonian jungles in the south, to the beaches of the north, Venezuela is among the most highly urbanized countries...
Words: 6774 - Pages: 28
...b) Power Orientation – Power-Distance-Index (PDI) c) Uncertainty Orientation – Uncertainty-Avoidance-Index (UAI) d) Goal Orientation – Masculinity-Femininity-Index (MAS) e) Time Orientation – Long-Time vs. Short-Time-Orientation-Index (LTO) 3. Examples – Germany, United States, Venezuela 4. Problems and Discrepancies 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography 1 Cultural dimensions according to Geert Hofstede Classifying and comparing cultures is strongly connected with the name Geert Hofstede. The Dutch social psychologist, as he calls himself, was born in 1928 in Haarlem(Netherlands) as Gerard Hendrik Hofstede. He went to schools until 1945, that was when he completed the Diploma Gymnasium Beta. From 17 on until he was 25 years old, he studied Mechanical Engineering and ended it in 1953 with a Master’s Degree. After two years of military service he started working in managerial jobs until 1965. He completed his Ph.D. in Social Sciences in part time studies. Already during that time, from 1965 until 1971 he founded and managed the Personnel Research Department of IBM. In this time, he developed the theory of the Cultural Dimensions that are presented in this paper. He worked with 117.000 empleyees of IBM from all over the world. In the following years he has been lecturing in Brussels at EIASM (European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management), in Fontainebleau at INSEAD (= Institut Européen d’Administation des Affaires) and at the Maastricht ...
Words: 2323 - Pages: 10
...MANAGEMENT & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS J. Sebastian Smith The Bahamas October 2011 Title Strategic Implications from the People’s Republic of China’s Influence in the Americas: Potential Consequences facing the United States, Brazil &Venezuela Abstract This research seeks to examine the strategic implications facing the United States of America’s due to its benign interest in the Caribbean and Latin America (Americas) given the People’s Republic of China (China) increasing economic interest in the region. It is intended to first define the current security environment of the Americas and the relations between Brazil and Venezuela with that of the United States of America (United States) and China. Thereafter, China’s economic and domestic agenda in the Americas will be examined with hypotheses of the emerging global power potential growth success, challenges or possible collapse in her foreign policy. The likely consequences facing Brazil, Venezuela and the United States will also be examined. The assessment will be done across a continuum of China’s realized economic growth, development of hostile relations due to competition for scarce energy sources or possible collapse due to the country’s internal problems. Finally, the research seeks to encourage proactive thinking by the United States on China’s increasing political and military influence in the region and its possible underlying agenda of becoming the next global super power or hegemony. Introduction ...
Words: 9457 - Pages: 38
...Caribbean Examinations Council ® St Michael Barbados All rights reserved 2 HISTORY CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS MAY/JUNE 2007 GENERAL COMMENTS The format of the Examination in CAPE History is similar for both Unit 1 and Unit 2. Paper 01 in each unit consisted of nine short-answer questions, three on each Module. The questions were intended to assess the range of content covered by the syllabus, and questions were set on each theme. Candidates were expected to answer all nine questions. This paper was worth 30 per cent of the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 02, on the other hand, emphasized depth of coverage. Three questions were set on each Module, one of which required candidates to analyse extracts from a set of documents related to one of the themes in the Module. The other two questions were extended essays. Both the document analysis and the essay questions required well-developed and clearly reasoned responses. Candidates were required to choose three questions, one from each Module. They were required to respond to one document analysis and two essay questions. This paper contributed 50 per cent to the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 03, was the internal assessment component. Candidates were required to complete a research paper on a topic of their choice from within the syllabus. This paper contributed 20 per cent to the candidates’ overall grade. Unit 1: The Caribbean in the Atlantic World Paper 1- Short Responses that Test Coverage Module 1 This Module...
Words: 3883 - Pages: 16
...Environmentally Safe? While both have vital uses in the U.S, oil energy and renewable energy are pitted against each other as the main focuses of resources in the U.S environmental policy because each has an effect on the environment. Renewable energy is constant and can be found all over the nation, but may be costly in different ways. Fossil fuels may be a natural resource but are a one-time use that could eventually become obsolete, and could also be costly. Demonstrating in this research is a plethora of information leading to the outcome of the U.S environmental policy, and whether fossil fuels or renewable resources are best for the environment. Fossil Fuels include coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas are concentrated organic compounds created from remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago formed into biomass. The refining and consumption of these resources have a massive impact on the environment and will eventually be exhausted. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), fossil fuels meet around 82% of U.S. energy demand. According to the Institute for Energy Research, oil is the “transportation fuel” that makes all modern modes of transportation possible and moves both people and goods around the world. Once the products of refined crude oil came into widespread use, the US was transformed. Today, the most common products derived from oil are found in the energy sector: gasoline, heating oil, aviation fuels and diesel fuel...
Words: 1761 - Pages: 8
...How Many Fathers are Best? | Living World | DISCOVER Magazine Page 1 of 4 Print this page How Many Fathers are Best? 04.01.2003 After 40 years of visiting the Barí Indians in Venezuela, anthropologists have discovered a new twist on family values by Meredith F. Small, Photography by Abbas Anthropologist Stephen Beckerman was well into his forties before he finally understood how babies are made. He had thought, as most people do, that a sperm from one man and an egg from one woman joined to make a child. But one summer day, as he and his colleague Roberto Lizarralde lounged around in hammocks, chatting with Rachel, an elderly woman of the Barí tribe of Venezuela, she pointed out his error. Babies, she explained, can easily have more than one biological father. "My first husband was the father of my first child, my second child, and my third child," Rachel said, recalling her life. "But the fourth child, actually, he has two fathers." It was clear that Rachel didn't mean there was a stepfather hanging around or a friendly uncle who took the kid fishing every weekend. She was simply explaining the Barí version of conception to these ignorant anthropologists: A fetus is built up over time with repeated washes of sperm— which means, of course, that more than one man can contribute to the endeavor. This interview changed not only the way Beckerman and Lizarralde viewed Barí families but also brought into question the very way that anthropologists portray human Inez...
Words: 3152 - Pages: 13
...The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting Ioannis Ioannou London Business School George Serafeim Harvard Business School Abstract We examine the effect of mandatory sustainability reporting on several measures of socially responsible management practices. Using data for 58 countries, we show that after the adoption of mandatory sustainability reporting laws and regulations, the social responsibility of business leaders increases. We also document that both sustainable development and employee training become a higher priority for companies, and that corporate governance improves. Furthermore, we find that companies implement more ethical practices, reduce bribery and corruption, and that managerial credibility increases. These effects are larger for countries with stronger law enforcement and more widespread assurance of sustainability reports. We conclude with thoughts about mandatory sustainability and integrated reporting. Keywords: sustainability reporting, mandatory reporting, corporate social responsibility, integrated reporting Assistant Professor of Strategic and International Management, London Business School, Regent’s Park, NW1 4SA, London, United Kingdom. Email: iioannou@london.edu, Ph: +44 20 7000 8748, Fx: +44 20 7000 7001. Assistant Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School, Soldiers’ Field Road, Morgan Hall 381, 02163 Boston, MA, USA. Email:gserafeim@hbs.edu, Ph: +1 617 495 6548, Fx: +1 617 496 7387 (contact...
Words: 7474 - Pages: 30
...responsibility as implemented in Latin America Nestec_latin_cover_GB.indd 1 9.2.2006 12:04:25 Nestec_latin_cover_GB.indd Sec1:2 9.2.2006 12:04:26 Contents An introductory discussion 2 A framework for Creating Shared Value 5 Nestlé’s philosophy: a long-term perspective 7 Latin America: challenges and opportunities 9 Overview: Nestlé in Latin America 1 1 Agriculture and sourcing 12 Sourcing practices for quality, safety and sustainability Research and development for better yields Knowledge transfer and farm assistance Partnerships for sustainable agriculture 16 17 20 23 Manufacturing and distribution 26 Food safety through improved standards of operations Risk management for food safety — Early Warning System Developing people Labour policies for mutual benefit Creation of development and employment opportunities in the community Improved environmental standards Managing water sustainably 30 31 33 34 Research for consumer benefit Consumer nutrition, health and wellness Knowledge and education for healthy nutrition and lifestyles 52 54 58 Nestlé’s future in Latin America 62 Products and consumers 48 Front, inside and back covers: Farmer Rufino Chindicué (front cover) and son Luis (inside back cover) supply milk to Nestlé. Three decades ago, Nestlé created a milk district in Caquetá, Colombia, to ensure a reliable, high quality supply and create opportunity for area...
Words: 22227 - Pages: 89
...especially JIT operations. Discuss what these events are and their impact on the role of warehousing in the supply chain. JIT or Just-In-Time has been defined as an inventory control whereby is to maintain or control just right quantity materials in just right place at the just right time for the just right amount of products or manufacturing (Lee White, 1985). JIT concept was originated in Japan in the 1950s when the Toyato Motor Company developed a system known as “Kanban” to meet customer demand for various models with minimum delivery delays. When we talk about JIT we cannot run away from warehousing as warehousing is part of a supply chain logistic network. Warehousing is used for store or house of inventory for all stages of a supply chain JIT is a demand pull system in which manufacturing planning begins with the final assembly line and works backwards, not only through the various manufacturing processes, but also to the vendors and subcontractors supplying materials and components. Therefore two things must happen in order for JIT to work: ➢ All parts/materials/components must arrive where they are needed, when they are needed and in the exact quantity needed ➢ All parts/materials/components that arrive must be usable parts Hence any natural disasters occurred it will certainly affect the impact on supply chains especially JIT to the factory. Following are how great calamities like the civil war in Middle Eastern countries (Libya, Egypt, and Syria), Great...
Words: 2724 - Pages: 11
...ER E N U OP A E CON OMY E o o cP p r 4 5 J n 2 1 c n mi a es 1 | u e 0 0 T e h n ig atr i Itrain l rd h C a g P t n n nen t a Ta e n e o a dC ptl lw o te uf o p rt n n a i Fo s fh G lC o eai a o C u c C u t e i C mp r o w t o n i o nr sn o ai n i l i s h O h r iE p r n C u t e te O l x ot g o nr s i i Mag P ees ra etr E R P A C MMISO U OEN O S IN Economic Papers are written by the Staff of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, or by experts working in association with them. The Papers are intended to increase awareness of the technical work being done by staff and to seek comments and suggestions for further analysis. The views expressed are the author’s alone and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Commission. Comments and enquiries should be addressed to: European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Publications B-1049 Brussels Belgium E-mail: Ecfin-Info@ec.europa.eu This paper exists in English only and can be downloaded from the website ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications A great deal of additional information is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (ec.europa.eu) KC-AI-10-415-EN-N ISSN 1725-3187 ISBN 978-92-79-14901-6 doi 10.2765/42450 © European Union, 2010 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The Changing Pattern in International Trade and Capital Flows of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries in Comparison...
Words: 7747 - Pages: 31
...firms in Latin America and analyze the relationship between the largest shareholder characteristics and its decision to leverage voting rights. First, we describe who are the largest shareholders in Latin American firms. Second, we find that both the type and origin of the largest shareholder, together with firm- and country-level characteristics, are important determinants to explain the decision to separate voting from cashflow rights. To tackle the determinants of ownership in Latin American publicly listed firms has both managerial and policy implications because the largest shareholders are those in charge to define business strategies and the allocation of firms’ resources. Key words: Corporate ownership; dual-class shares; voting rights; cash-flow rights; Latin America. 1 INTRODUCTION Most of the analysis of the Modern Corporation has focused on the conflicts of interest between managers and owners. Yet, recent literature, extending the discussion of the classic ownermanager conflict, adds minority versus majority shareholders conflict where more concentrated ownership structures takes place (La Porta, López-de-Silanes, & Shleifer, 1999; Villalonga & Amit, 2009; Young, Peng, Ahlstrom, Bruton, & Jiang, 2008). This new agency problem, socalled, principal-principal, is particularly salient in emerging markets, where weak governance rights and underdeveloped institutions may account for high levels of ownership concentration (Dharwadkar, George, & Brandes, 2000; Khanna &...
Words: 14854 - Pages: 60
...C 2010 The Authors. Bulletin of Economic Research C 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Board of Trustees of the Bulletin of Economic Research. Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St., Malden, MA 02148, USA. Bulletin of Economic Research 64:4, 2012, 0307-3378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8586.2010.00364.x CULTURE AND GROWTH: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Dustin Chambers and Susan Hamer Department of Economics and Finance, Salisbury University, Salisbury, USA ABSTRACT Using Hofstede’s cultural data set, this paper examines the impact of cultural characteristics on a nation’s economic performance. Using a two-step estimation procedure, we first estimate a panel growth regression and obtain estimates of each nation’s fixed effects, which reflect idiosyncratic differences in growth performance. In the second step, we regress the fixed effects on invariant cultural and institutional variables. Our estimation results suggest that individuality and tolerance for uncertainty are the most important cultural factors in explaining nation-specific growth performance. Furthermore, our findings suggest that political and property rights play a major role in determining idiosyncratic growth. Keywords: culture, economic growth, freedom, property rights JEL classification numbers: C23, O1 I. INTRODUCTION Using several measures of culture, we seek to determine the effect of culture on a nation’s economic performance. Among the cultural characteristics...
Words: 8413 - Pages: 34
...Growing In A Fast-Changing World Colgate-Palmolive Company Growing In A Fast-Changing World Colgate’s sharp focus on its proven global strategies is fueling growth in today’s fastchanging global marketplace. This focus, supported by Colgate’s global values of Caring, Continuous Improvement and Global Teamwork, has enabled the Company to improve and adapt with speed and insight. In 2012, Colgate delivered another year of strong results despite volatile currencies and challenging macroeconomic conditions worldwide. Colgate people remain sharply focused on the Company’s four strategic initiatives: Engaging to Build Our Brands, Innovation for Growth, Effectiveness and Efficiency, and Leading to Win. Colgate-Palmolive Company is a $17.1 billion global company serving people in more than 200 countries and territories with consumer products that make lives healthier and more enjoyable. The Company focuses on strong global brands in its core businesses – Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care and Pet Nutrition. Colgate follows a tightly defined strategy to grow market shares for key products, such as toothpaste, toothbrushes, bar and liquid soaps, deodorants/antiperspirants, dishwashing detergents, household cleaners, fabric conditioners and specialty pet food. Cover: Photo taken in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Brazil United Kingdom Brands Innovation Engaging To Build Our For Growth Italy Efficiency Effectiveness And IFC 2 8 10 12 14 16 20 Contents: Growing...
Words: 55473 - Pages: 222
