...ACTIVITIES RELATED TO NUTRITION & GASTRO INTESTINAL (GIT) SYSTEM. This section relates to activities on introduction to GIT. You are expected to consult the recommended physiology textbooks in your module study guide and the online textbook to gain adequate knowledge on these topics. Activity 1 Identify the anatomical structure of the GIT? * Mouth * Pharynx * Oesophagus * Stomach * Small intestine * Large intestine 1.2 – Explain the functions of the features identify in activity 1.1? * Mouth: Food begins its journey through digestive system in the mouth; inside the mouth are many organs that aid in the digestion of food –the tongue, teeth, and salivary glands. Teeth chop food into small pieces, which are moistened by saliva before the tongue and other muscles push the food into the pharynx. * Pharynx: the throat; a tube that starts at the internal nares and runs partway down the neck where it opens into the oesophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. It functions as a passage way for both the digestive and respiratory systems. The pharynx receives the food after being swallowed and pushes it to the oesophagus. * Oesophagus: The hollow muscular tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach. The oesophagus contracts to produce wavelike motions, it receives food from the mouth when you...
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...21 Brief 2 (P2, M1) Vitamins Beth Hackett WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS What are water soluble vitamins? Complete the table below: Nutrient Function Source FOOD Thiamine – vitamin B1 Thiamine is involved in the body functions such as, the nervous system digestion, muscle cells and metabolism. It also helps the cells in the body change carbohydrates into energy; there it helps to provide energy for the body, most importantly the brain and nervous system. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/) • Beef • Legumes, • Milk • Oats • Rice • Wheat • Yeast. Riboflavin – vitamin B2 Riboflavin function is to help the body growth such as hair growth and height. And it protects the red blood cells which help to boost the immune system. It also helps to release energy from carbohydrates. (http://www.nytimes.com/) • Lean meats. • Dairy products. • Fish • Poultry • Grains • Broccoli • Turnip greens • Asparagus • Spinach • Enriched food products. Niacin – vitamin B3 The main functions of niacin are that it helps the digestive system skin and it also helps the nerves to function. Furthermore it helps to convert into energy. (http://www.nytimes.com/) • Dairy products • Eggs • Enriched breads and cereals. • Fish • Lean meats • Legumes • Nuts • Poultry. Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 which is also known as pyridoxine, main function is to produce energy it helps the body convert food. It helps the body to metabolise fats and protein. Vitamins are needed for a healthy...
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...Water-Soluble Vitamins Carolyn Johnson SCI/241 February 27, 2014 Anna Brashier Fat and Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in the diet in small amounts to promote and regulate body processes necessary for growth, reproduction, and health maintenance. Vitamins are classified based on solubility, some are soluble in water known as water-soluble vitamins, while others are soluble in fat known as fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins promote and regulate the body activities. Each vitamin has at least one important function. Some are needed for vision health, blood clotting, and bone health, some vitamins are needed for organ health and system function. (Grosvenor, 2012, Chapter 7). Some vitamins have coenzymes and few others function as an antioxidants. (Grosvenor, 2012, Chapter 7). Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K and are found along with fats in foods. Fat soluble vitamins are soluble in fat, these vitamins can be stored in the liver and in fatty tissues. High nutrient sources for vitamin A can be found in Carrots, squash, apricots, and other orange and yellow vegetables. High nutrient sources of vitamin D: sunlight, liver, egg yolks, and oily fish such as salmon naturally have vitamin D. Vitamin D fortified foods are milk, margarine, some yogurts, cheese, and cereals. Vitamin E is found in nuts, seeds, canola oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, and leafy green vegetables like spinach, mustard greens, and wheat germ. (Grosvenor...
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...Water-Soluble Vitamins Shar Baldwin AAEW13PV00 July 20, 2012 Judy Springer According to the label that I examined from a jar of multivitamins, and the tables from 8.2 and 8.3, I see that it does meet the recommended daily intake for adults. After looking at the labels and doing some research here are the results from each question. Vitamin A: Helps to improve eyesight, healthy skin. These sources are rich in vitamin A: eggs, milk, apricots, carrots, spinach and sweet potatoes. Vitamins B: It gives a person energy that the body uses. Vitamin B also helps make red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body in different areas. These sources are rich in vitamin B: whole grains, fish, seafood, leafy greens, milk, yogurt, and beans. Vitamin B6: builds protein, helps make antibodies, makes hormones and process and digest protein. Vitamin B6 is found in peas, meat, nuts, eggs, fortified breads and cereals. Vitamin B12: helps produce red blood cells, copy the genetic code within each cell, digest and use fats, carbohydrates and some proteins for energy. You can find vitamin B12 in; eggs, meats, fish, dairy products and poultry. Biotin and Pantothenic Acid: These vitamins are important due to many functions. Pantothenic Acid changes to coenzyme A, this helps convert fat, carbohydrates and protein into energy. Biotin also helps produce energy, it also takes from fat, carbohydrates and protein. These vitamins work closely together; biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and vitamin B12....
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...Vitamins Vitamin | Function | Food Sources | Vitamin B1(Thiamin) | Helps with energy production in your body. | Whole grains, enriched grainsLiver, pork, dried beans, nuts and seeds | Vitamin B2(Riboflavin) | Helps with energy production in your body.Helps your body use other B vitamins. | Soybeans, meat and poultry, liver and eggsMushroomsMilk, cheese, yogurtWhole grains, enriched grains | Vitamin B3(Niacin) | Helps your body to use protein, fat and carbohydrate to make energy.Helps enzymes work properly in your body. | MushroomsPeanut butter, meat, fish, poultryWhole grains, enriched grains | Biotin | Allows your body to use protein, fat and carbohydrate from food. | Sweet potatoesNonfat milk, yogurtPeanuts, almonds, eggs, liver, soy protein*The biotin content in food can vary greatly | Vitamin B6(Pyridoxin) | Helps your body to make and use protein and glycogen which is the stored energy in your muscles and liver.Helps form hemoglobin which carries oxygen in your blood. | Potatoes, bananas100% bran, instant oatmealMeat, fish, poultry, liver, soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, pistachio, nuts, sunflower seeds | Vitamin B12(Cobalamin) | Works with the vitamin folate to make DNA.Helps to make healthy blood cells. Low levels of vitamin B12 can cause a type of anemia.Keeps nerves working properly. | Milk, cheese, yogurt, fortified soy or rice beveragesMeat, fish, poultry, liver, eggs, fortified soy products | Folate (also known as folacin and folic acid) | Helps to...
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...nearly half the elderly population would be legally blind. Their hearing also diminishes, especially the ability to detect high-pitched sounds. Elderly people who have not been taking care of their health face major health problems at this stage in their lives and are often relegated to homes where they are looked after by nurses and caretakers. Older people’s energy needs are a balance of protein, carbohydrate and fat is needed, even as calorie (energy) requirements decline with age, particularly if physical activity is restricted. Although this often means eating less, requirements for protein, vitamins and minerals remain largely unchanged. The total daily kcal requirement is 1900 for women and 2330 for men. Energy requirements decline with increasing age. It is, therefore, important that older people choose a nutrient-dense diet, including foods which contain protein, vitamins and minerals such as milk and dairy products, meat, eggs, fish, bread, cereals, and fruit and vegetables. The nutritional requirements sometimes differ from male to female. Below is a chart with the necessary daily requirements for older persons aging 65 and up. Older Persons (65+) | Male | Female | Protein | 56 g | 46 g | Fiber | ≥30 g | ≥21 g | Water (Fluids) | 3.7L (6-8 cups) | 2.7L (6-8 cups) | Folic Acid | 300 mcg (0.3 mg) | 300 mcg (0.3 mg) | Minerals | Calcium (Ca) | 800 mg | 800 mg | | Iron (Fe) | 14.8 g | 14.8 g | | Sodium (S) | ≥1600 mg | ≥1400 mg | | Potassium (K)...
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...Autism: A Disorder of Conflicting Causes and Treatments Despite its 50 year-old diagnosis, autism is still one of the mostly commonly contracted and rarely treated childhood diseases. Studies suggest that as many as 1 in 500 children may display autistic symptoms. Manifestations of this disability include the stereotypical physical contortions and hand-flapping motions commonly associated with autism, as well as inability to relate to the outside world, limited social skills, lack of concentration, and hypersensitivity to certain stimuli-particularly noise (1). Perceived causes include poor fetal development, genetics, allergies, and a lack of crucial enzymes. Because for many years the disorder was thought to be a result of poor parenting, only recent studies have begun any attempts to identify the causes of childhood autism. Many diagnosis and potential treatments have been tried only by the parents of autistics; undergoing research is still slow and often under-funded. Eric Courchesne (2), a leading scientist whose studies of the cerebellum have opened a new field of belief for the region's potential functions, suggested that autistics have a marked propensity for cerebellar lesions and Purkinje neuron loss, leading to an inability to "rapidly and accurately" change attention from one focus to another, particularly in the areas of visual and auditory stimuli. Dr. Margaret Bauman, (Dept. of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and a child neurologist at Massachusetts General...
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... with whole wheat and grain bread having higher amounts of nutrients. Wheat is a component of all types of bread, even white bread. Nutrients commonly found in larger quantities of wheat include B vitamins such as riboflavin and thiamine. One hundred grams of bread can contain approximately 15 percent of calcium and 30 percent of thiamine toward a human's nutritional needs in their diet. A person should eat bread daily — along with other grains — as part of a balanced diet. NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF BREAD Bread supplies a significant portion of the nutrients required for growth, maintenance of health and well-being. It is an excellent source of proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre and complex carbohydrates. It is also low in fat and cholesterol. Bread is quite bulky so it takes longer to digest and is therefore more satisfying and less fattening than the fats, sugars and alcohols commonly consumed in excess. All breads are nutritious, and the differences between them in nutritional value are not significant if we eat a balanced diet. Chemical Composition of Wheat The composition of the dry matter of wheat varies widely depending on soil, climate and genetic variations between wheat types. Wheat in New Zealand has a protein content that ranges on average from 8% to 13%. It has a high carbohydrate content of about 83% of the weight of a kernel. Other components of the wheat grain include bran and germ. Bran, the outer coating or "shell", is rich in B vitamins and minerals...
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...Vitamins and Minerals Submitted by: Charmaine Jade A. Cano 10:30 – 12:00 TTh Submitted to: Mr. Allan Ramal Instructor February 4, 2014 FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS COMMON NAME | CHEMICAL FORMULA | SOURCE | DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS | Vitamin A(retinol)C20H30O | | liver (of any animal),paprika, red pepper, cayenne, chili powder ,sweet potatoes, carrots, dark leafy greens,butternut squash, dried herbs, lettuce, dried apricots, cantaloupes | * Night-blindness * Continuous headache * Decreased immunity against infections (especially of the airways) * Skin problems * Dry, breakable hair * Kidney stones | Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)C27H44O | | egg yolks, fish oils, and fortified foods like milk.* body manufactures it when skin is exposed to sunlight | * Rachitis * Pain in the bones * Muscle weakness and muscle cramp * Osteoporosis | Vitamin E ( D - alpha-tocopherol)C29H50O2 | | vegetable oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. avocados, wheat germ, and whole grains. | * Neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction | Vitamin K (phylloquinone)C31H46O2 | | herbs, dark leafy greens, spring onions (scallions), brussles sprouts, broccoli, chili powder, curry, paprika, and cayenne, asparagus, cabbage, pickled cucumber, prunes | * Dependent coagulation factors, causing defective coagulation and bleeding. | WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS COMMON NAME | CHEMICAL FORMULA | SOURCE | DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS | Vitamin C( ascorbic acid)C6H8O6 | | red...
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...Important vitamins for growing children Vitamins are important organic compounds both derived naturally or artificially and constitute a portion of the balanced diet. Vitamins could be added in meals either through vegetables, cereals, fruits or artificial vitamin supplements. Children grow at much faster pace than the adults, not only their body grows but their body functions increase rapidly. The body and brain of the children require a healthy diet to keep the cells multiplying and growing while marinating their daily activities which increase as they grow. While planning diet for growing children, a diet full of natural vitamins must be paid a special attention. Here is some advice for the mothers which would help them choose the best organic vitamin rich food for their children to keep them healthy and prevent vitamin deficiency in their bodies which might result in some serious diseases. Vitamin A: Our retinal cells contain vitamins A which plays an important part in the vision being part of our eyes’ rod cells. Moreover, it is very important for growth of bones, immune system of the body to prevent infections, and forms epithelial lining of the digestive tract, urinary tract and eyes. The white blood cells (WBCs) form the immune system and defend the body against the infections and Vitamin A plays a role WBCs formation. The deficiency of vitamin A might cause frequent infections on account of weak immune system and night blindness in growing children or tunnel vision...
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...Natura-Ceuticals utilizes Nanotechnology , Phyto-Alkatech (for faster absorption) and Syner-tech (for a synergistic boost). C24/7 Contains: All Ingredients of Complete Phyto-Energizer: * 29 Vitamins and Minerals/Trace Minerals * 12 Whole Fruit Juice Blend * 12 Whole Vegatable Juice Blend * 12 Mushrooms * 12 Herbs/Specialty Nutrients * 12 Digestive Enzymes * 10 Essential Fatty Acids * 14 Green Foods/Spirulina Blend * 18 Amino Acids * Citrus Bioflovanoid Complex And 9 more ingredients: * Cysteine Hydrochloride - An amino acid known to detoxify the liver and counter the negative effect of alcohol (such as Liver Damage and Hangover) * Coenzyme Q-10 - Helps fight Cancer and Heart Diseases. Can give humans a longer lifespan * Green Tea EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) - Fights Cancer and Heart Diseases. Prevents Blood Clots * Grape Skin Extract - An excellent source of Resveratrol * Corsitine - A very powerful anti-oxidant * Japanese Knotweed - An excellent source of Resveratrol * Premium Red Wine Extract - Lengthens human Lifespan * Grape Seed Extract - An excellent anti-oxidant Lengthens human Lifespan * Concentrated Red Wine Powder (certified NO alcohol content) - Lengthens human Lifespan 29 Vitamins and Minerals/Trace Minerals The Vitamins and Minerals contained in Complete are Chelated which gives them the ability to bind and expel bacteria, viruses,heavy metals,etc. * They also have a Synergistic Effect which allows the...
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...promises quick results and easy weight loss that appears to be almost effortless. Although it is unclear how the diet plan originated, nevertheless, it is particularly popular because it permits the dieter to eat foods that are often restricted, even forbidden, in most fad diets. At first glance, it is easy to get excited about this diet and its many food choices, however, that quickly dissipates upon a closer analysis of the caloric restrictions that have to be followed. The typical plan consists of eating three low calorie meals a day with each having a slice of bread and a pat of butter (one teaspoon) during the meal. To keep it interesting, the bread can be interchanged with different varieties such as rye, bagels, multigrain, whole wheat, and tortillas just to name a few (Bailey, para 2). The diet plan is simple and easy to follow- without a complicated menu or sophisticated recipes to follow. However, it is basically molded around a crash diet concept – lasting only four days - with the success being dependent upon consuming a low calorie eating plan. According to the Fad Diet page, this diet is a “gimmick … crash diet … that gets you to eat bread with every meal” (Fad Diet, 2001). Breakfast, the most important meal of the day, appears to be the skimpiest of all, consisting of a mere slice of bread, a pat of butter, and a half of cup of orange juice. However, there...
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...P O W E RF UL S E X F O O DS and S T I M UL A N T S Improve Your Sexual Health Without Harmful Side Effects or Outrageous Costs Copyright © John Year Ital All Rights Reserved. Powerful Sex Foods and Stimulants This is a free book and you may give it away to others, as long as the content and structure of this ebook remain intact. Copyright © 2007 by John Year Ital - All Rights Reserved. The author, publisher, and distributor of this product assume no responsibility for the use or misuse of this product, or for any injury, damage and/or financial loss sustained to persons or property as a result of using this report. While every effort has been made to ensure reliability of the information within, the liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use, misuse or abuse of the operation of any methods, strategies, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein is the sole responsibility of the reader. The reader is encouraged to seek competent, professional medical advice before using any tips and strategies shared in this publication. Powerful Sex Foods and Stimulants Powerful Sex Foods and Stimulants! Table of Contents: Back To Basics On Physical and Mental Health Sex Foods and Stimulants The Lesser-Known Sex Foods & Stimulants Rare, Little-Known Sex Foods & Stimulants Foods Used Externally Impotence Remedies Power Foods For Optimum Health Other Power Foods To Eat Regularly Super Foods Herbal Remedies Top 10 Natural Sources of Important Nutrients...
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...Major minerals | | Mineral | Function | Sources | Deficiency | Sodium | Needed for proper fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction | Table salt, soy sauce; large amounts in processed foods; small amounts in milk, breads, vegetables, and unprocessed meats | headache, nausea, slower development of the body, and disorders of the muscles. | Chloride | Needed for proper fluid balance, stomach acid | Table salt, soy sauce; large amounts in processed foods; small amounts in milk, meats, breads, and vegetables | cause a loss in appetite and muscle cramps | Potassium | Needed for proper fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction | Meats, milk, fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes | weakness of the muscles, even paralysis. It may also cause brittleness of the bones, sterility and heart ailments. | Calcium | Important for healthy bones and teeth; helps muscles relax and contract; important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health | Milk and milk products; canned fish with bones (salmon, sardines); fortified tofu and fortified soy milk; greens (broccoli, mustard greens); legumes | weakens bones and teeth, and causes osteoporesis. | Phosphorus | Important for healthy bones and teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance | Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, processed foods (including soda pop) | weakening of the bones and teeth, and loss of weight. | ...
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...CARBOHYDRATES (sugars, starches, cellulose) * Made from joining H2O and CO2 by plants during photosynthesis * Monomer: Simple sugars: CH2O (ratio of one carbon and one oxygen to every 2 hydrogen) * Three main functions: energy for cells, structural support, cell-cell communication * Three main sources of carbohydrate: starches, sugar and cellulose. 3 Kinds of Sugars A. Monosaccharides (Simple sugars) – Building blocks of more complex carbohydrates. * Glucose (dextrose or blood sugar) - grape sugar, corn sugar, dextrose * Fructose (fruit sugar) - honey * Galactose – (milk sugar) * Mannose - plant sugar: a six-carbon sugar found in many plant cell Molecular Formula: C6H12O6 B. Disaccharides (Double sugars) - Two simple sugars bonded together * Maltose (malt sugar) – made up of two glucose molecule * Lactose (milk sugar) – made up of one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule * Sucrose (table sugar) – made up of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule Molecular Formula: C12H22O11 C. Polysaccharides (Complex Sugars) – made up of many glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain. 3 Kinds of Polysaccharides: a. Starches – are stored in potatoes, beans and grains. b. Glycogen (animal starch) – stored in animal liver c. Cellulose – found in the cell wall of plant cells Lipids * They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future. * They produce hormones for the body...
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