...should authorities have in maintaining a clean and adequate water supply? Sid Stallings, Jr. Western Governors University What role should authorities have in maintaining a clean and adequate water supply? Water is essential for every living being on earth. It covers 70% of our planet, but only about 3% is fresh water. Of that 3%, 2/3 of it is frozen as glaciers, so only about 1% of the world’s water is actually usable for drinking, cleaning, and irrigating farmlands according to the World Wildlife Fund (Krchnak, 2014). Some populations, industries, and businesses are using up the limited supply of fresh water at an alarming rate for personal gain, leaving many without this vital resource. The water supply is deteriorating as it is becoming ever more polluted from chemical run off from farms and industry, poor water management practices, over use, and expanding populations. This is causing severe shortage problems, skyrocketing water prices, and major environmental issues around the world. Research suggests that over-use of the world’s available fresh water supplies is a major problem, because use is exceeding the ability of nature and water treatment plants to keep up with demand, rising costs have led to a lack of access to safe water for many poor people, and shortages of adequate fresh water cause there to be insufficient water to sustain communities around the world. Water usage and lack of adequate fresh water affects everyone, so should governmental or international...
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...mproving Sanitation in Coastal Communities with Special Reference to Puerto Princesa, Palawan Province, Philippines Table of Contents Acknowledgments (see below) Abstract (see below) Resumé (see below) Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Thesis Rationale 1.2 Goals and Objectives of the Thesis 1.3 Research Methodology 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1.5 Organization of the Thesis Chapter 2 General Scenario of Sanitation Problems in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 2.1 Reasons for Settling on Coastal, Waterfront and Low-lying Areas 2.2 Sanitation Problems 2.3 Health and Environmental Conditions Chapter 3 Low-Cost Sanitation Systems used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 3.1 Available Low-Cost Sanitation Technologies 3.2 Sanitation Systems Used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities Chapter 4 The Case Study 4.1 Community Background 4.2 * Chapter 5 Results of Field Survey-- Analysis of Existing Sanitation in the Coastal Communities of Puerto Princesa 5.1 Basis of Analysis 5.2 Existing Environmental Sanitation 5.3 Health Condition and Observed Hygienic Practices related to Sanitation and Water Supply Chapter 6 Essential Factors for the Provision of Sanitation Systems in Coastal Communities 6.1 Considerations in the Provision of Sanitation Systems 6.2 Sanitation Systems Options Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 7.1 Summary of Existing sanitation Problems 7.2 Key Considerations in the Provision of...
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...My community is majorly comprised of sugarcane farming, animal keeping, maize farming and all other food crops such as sorghum, sweet potatoes, cassava among others. This is majorly because it is situated next to a very prosperous sugar company called SOUTH NYANZA SUGAR COMPANY (SONY). This makes sugarcane farming a major source of income. The THREE major challenges that are facing my community and has greatly hindered its proper development are as follows:- 1) Lack of infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water: this is the main challenge that we face in my community. The murram roads leading to my community are in poor conditions and become really muddy during rainy seasons and very dusty during the hot dry spells. This greatly hinders easy transportation of people and goods in and out of the community. Being that the roads are not tarmacked, the heavy-duty tractors that aid in the transportation of sugarcane to the factory contribute a lot in the increased destruction making them more bumpy and the transport very hectic. Lack of electricity is another catastrophe that affects my community a lot. Electrification is quite expensive and this is something that most people living in my community cannot achieve because of the poor living conditions and the meager income that they get from selling their farm products and working on the company’s sugarcane plantations. Therefore, electricity is very sparse and only the few who have the capability are able to use it in their...
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...Institution: Course: Tutor: Date: Introduction The community I have chosen to consider in my survey is Kiryas Joel, a village in Monroe, New York where I reside. Majority of the residents in this town are Hasidic Jews, who are strictly bound to the Torah commandments. Yiddish is the language that most of the people in this village speak. The people in this area usually have large families, which makes its economy poor as compared to other communities in the US (Citydata.com, 2013). The village was reported to have the highest poverty rate in the United States, in a survey conducted in 2008. More than 30% of the residents survive below the federal poverty line, with 40% receiving relief food (Citydata.com, 2013). The village has experienced growth in its population in the last few years. The population was at 7, 400 people in 1990, which had increased to 13, 100 in 2000. In 2005, the population of this village had gone up to 18, 300 (Citydata.com, 2013). Community vitality ` The community encompasses black, white, and Indian residents. The estimated number of the various groups interacting in this village is: majority white, and other minority groups, including blacks, Asians, and Latino (Citydata.com, 2013). The number of individuals who have attained higher education to Bachelor’s degree level is approximated to 6.9%, which is comparatively lower than that of New York City; 32.8% (Citydata.com, 2013). The people in this community portray a lot of diversity, with majority being...
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...THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY. Alleviation of poverty has been a priority in many developing nations. Poverty normally develops from many different factors, some of the basic causes include; lack of access to clean water and sanitation, lack of facilities for adequate healthcare, lack of access to educational opportunities, inadequate nutrition, lack of adequately paid employment, inadequate or expensive transport facilities and limited or expensive power supplies. Urban poverty is different from rural poverty; poverty in rural areas tends to be more widespread than in the urban areas. This is due to factors such as the inadequate employment opportunities in the rural areas, access to a range of key facilities is much reduced, and many households are headed by women often due to abandonment of families by the males and sanitation and water supply deficiencies are more intense leading to ill health. A close to 1.2 billion people i.e. a fifth of the world’s population lives in conditions of abject poverty. Almost 800 million people in the developing world are chronically hungry and this is why poverty reduction strategies have been adopted all over the world. From the early 1990s, different targets and goals have been agreed upon for the reduction of poverty in its various forms and dimensions. These targets have been adopted in the millennium goal one which aims to eradicate poverty and hunger. Governments have prioritized this millennium goal through...
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...Water management schemes and how it helps to improve people’s quality of life Water management schemes are all the schemes in general that provides water to people, for example; water transfer schemes are one of the many water management schemes, water transfer schemes are projects that collect water from areas that have a higher rainfall and divert it to areas that have a greater need and a higher demand for water. Water is collected and stored in reservoirs for further use. Another example of water management schemes is sanitation systems which are in order for those who do not have access to appropriate sanitation. Overall, the water management scheme is a scheme that ensures that everybody has access to clean water and sanitation. Water is one of the most important natural resources which are essential for ALL living things. Water is used for drinking, washing, cooking and irrigation. There is only 3% of pure water in the world, that we can drink, 2% of that water is stored in icebergs, if the demand for water continues to increase at rapid rates; the access to water will become more difficult. Figure 1 In figure 1, the more successful countries which are MEDC’s and the more urbanised areas such as the USA, Canada Australia, Italy and France show that the more water they use per capita. They have the access to clean water, so they tend to take advantage of it and waste more, whereas the countries that have little access to clean water tend to manage...
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...Questions | Marks Allocated | Obtained Marks | Introduction | 5 | | 1.1 Since its return to business in India, Cola has taken many CSR initiatives in India. Identify the initiatives according to the main six social initiatives identified by Philip Kotler. | 20 | | 2.1 Discuss the negative drawback of Soft Drink Industry like Coca Cola and Pepsi Companies in the developing world like India in terms of their effects on the environment, people and economy. | 30 | | 3.1 Discuss the roles of community people and local NGOs in controlling developing ecological sensitive projects. Mention the some actions taken from the case study. | 20 | | 4.1 In your opinion, do you think there is a moral responsibility for the governmental authority who firstly issued approval to start Coca Cola business in India? Prove your opinion with finding from the case study. | 15 | | 4.2 Do you think a conditioned renewal of license is a good decision? Support your opinion with evidence/examples of conditions. | 15 | | Conclusion | 5 | | Referencing | 10 | | Report Format | 5 | | Total | 125 | | CSR 611 Corporate Social Responsibilities FINAL ASSESSMENT I certify that this assignment is my own work, based on my personal study and/or research, and that I have acknowledged all material and sources used in the preparation of this assignment whether they be books, articles, reports, lecture notes, any other kind of document, electronic or personal communication I also certify...
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...REPORT ON EUROTOWN DISASTER Introduction On the 14 Oct 11 the Municipalities Emergency Preparedness Group was in meeting. At 1000 hrs it was reported that there was a major electrical failure affected the greater part of Eurotown. No initial assumptions were made but the respective service agencies were contacted. At 1200 hrs the situation deteriorated with a serious fires starting in a factory units in Bromley Hill. A Major Incident was declared at 1205 hrs and the ‘Eurotown Emergency Plan’ was activated in accordance with the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. The following actions were undertaken: * Traffic Management plan implemented. * Emergency media plan implemented (and throughout all stages of the incident). * Multi-agency action plan implemented (mutual aid response). * Communication and co-ordination with ‘Tactical Coordination Group. * Impact of power outages on critical infrastructure. * Vulnerable groups such as schools and care homes were contacted. At 1330 hrs the fire had spread to adjacent properties which housed an LPG storage tank and 10 tonnes of chlorine. The risk of explosion and the release of a toxic plume were considered severe and priority was given to evacuating residential and business properties within 500 metres of the site around the LPG storage facility and evacuation of the personnel calculated to be effected by the plume. It was agreed that evacuation of both these groups should be co-ordinated and given equal priority...
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...Look Back We saw a video talking about poverty in Aboriginal community. In the video, I can see Aboriginal people are in poor environment, where they don’t have houses, food, or even water. I felt so sad, and I thought it is unfair as well. Elaborate There was an E-coli outbreak in Walkerton several years ago. Seven people were dead because of E-coli and hundreds of people went ill from it; however, water insecurity happens all the time in hundred sixteen Aboriginal societies. E-coli outbreak in Walkerton became huge news all around Canada, but water insecurity among Aboriginal communities has never become issue. Not only is water insecurity their problem, but also they are in housing deficit, food insecurity, poor education or unemployment. Unfairness and inequality is ongoing issue for Aboriginal communities, and this is the time we need to work on. We can give charity or donation to them, which is aimed short-term and dependent on giver. Furthermore, we can do social actions to change the law or rule to fulfill social justice, meaning fair distribution comparing to other group. (Duckitt, 2010) Analysis Social determinants of health are factors affecting person’s health not based on family history or genetics but based on environment the person is living on. (Duckitt, 2010) Aboriginal communities have been having...
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...In September 2000, the 189 member countries of the United Nations at that time adopted eight Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s). The eight goals are ambitious, and involve among others halving the number of people without clean water and sanitation by 2015. The challenges in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) target for sanitation in Zambia by 2015 are many and include the large numbers of temporary latrines, low capacity for sanitation promotion in the country, weak policies and strategies for sanitation promotion, low support for sanitation in donor supported programs, social resistance to the use of the latrines, and lack of multi-sectoral partnerships for sanitation promotion. This paper endeavours to outline and discuss the sequential platform of activities in the policy process which the policy maker would use to address the problem of poor sanitation in Luangeni Village of Chief Mpezeni’s area. The essay also attempts to establish the seriousness of the problem of poor sanitation in the village by presenting statistical evidence. In order to fully comprehend and come up with solutions concerning the topic under discussion it is imperative that we understand some key concepts to be used in this essay, these include policy, policy makers and sanitation. Development policy making lies within the domain of the state. The word policy however has no single defination in literature, this is so because there are different points of view and diverging opinions and...
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...Water For People—India Country Strategy 2007 – 2011 Final Draft _______________________________________________________________________ Submitted for Consideration by the International Programs Committee December 14, 2006 Glossary ARWSP BEC BESUS CAP CPI—M CSO DFID GoWB GP IEC IMF IT KAP lpcd MDG MNP MoWR NGO NWRC O&M PRA PRI PRSP RSP SWOT TRYSEM USA UT VCHP Accelerated Rural Water Sanitation Programme Bengal Engineering College Bengal Engineering and Science University Shibpur Comprehensive Action Plan Communist Party of India—Marxist Civil Society Organisations Department for International Funding Government of West Bengal Gram Panchayat Information Education Communication International Monetary Fund Information Technology Knowledge Attitude Practice Litres per capita per day Millennium Development Goals Minimum Needs Programme Ministry of Water Resources Nongovernmental Organisation National Water Resource Council Operation and Maintenance Participatory Rural Appraisal Panchayati Raj Institutions Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Rural Sanitation Programme Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment United States of America Union Territory Volunteer Community Health Promoter Contents Section Title Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.2 Review of Water and Sanitation in India Demographic, Economic and Socio-political...
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...which led to poor health in most African countries and explaining some of the consequences that are experienced as a result of poor health care. Introduction. Africa is a third world continent meaning that all African countries are not yet fully developed and are still in the development stage. The underdevelopment makes Africa a victim of poor health care. Only a few have access to proper adequate healthcare leaving masses with poor healthcare Health conditions in Africa lag behind all other developed Eastern and Western countries and life expectancy is far less than that of developed countries (Health Poverty Action, 2015). Poverty and health worldwide are inextricably linked (Health Poverty Action, 2005). This assignment will be looking at those factors caused by poverty that lead to poor health. Poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitary conditions in Africa have led to a lot of health problems leading to poor health conditions across the continent. In 2008, approximately sixty two percent of Africans did not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as proper toilets that separate human waste from human contact (WHO, 2008). In the rural parts of Africa, sanitary problems are particularly common especially in drought times when water is unavailable for domestic uses (Ademuluyi and Odugbesan, 2008: 812). Sanitation conditions worsen if clean water supply is low or unavailable. Many African countries suffer from this lack of clean water to use and waste ...
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...is the issue if sustainable living and sustainable communities. Most of the communities surrounding the CA/Tijuana border are faced with infrastructure inadequacies due to a lack of government funding. As residents of San Diego we are almost completely oblivious to the fact that just 25 miles south citizens of the U.S and Mexico face issues with shelter, clean drinking water, pollution, and urban sprawl stressors. One of the most prominent issues currently facing the U.S-Tijuana border region is the high density of its urbanized canyons. Tijuana is filled with people who are struggling everyday for food and water. These citizens must piece together temporary structures that end up being washed away from rain. As a result of unsafe infrastructure and pollution the runoff consisting of tires, trash, and human waste is threatening the environmental vitality of the Tijuana River Valley Estuary. This problem is not only affecting Tijuana but also San Diego, causing everything from beach closures to destroyed wildlife. The issues described in the U.S/Tijuana region are not uncommon for low-income communities across the world. Countries such as Brazil and many regions throughout Africa are gravely affected by poor infrastructure. One of the biggest problems thus far has been locating proper funding and manpower to solve these inadequacies. Most of the people within these regions do not possess the know how to fix their communities and governments are not focused on helping these small...
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...Overpopulation has a definite effect on a country’s economy. First of all, when countries are overpopulated, the hardly have enough food to support themselves, never mind the hope of having a surplus to sell. This can contribute to a low GDP per Capita which is effect overpopulation has on the economy. And of course the Government will attempt to save the people from the starvation, the government will most likely have to rely on foreign debt. This puts the country in debt at stretches the government’s already meagre resources. . Furthermore, when a country is overpopulated, there is a high rate of unemployment because there just aren’t enough jobs to support the population and in this kind of scenario the Government will suffer simply because the taxes that maybe collected by Government will be lesser and it will affect the economy. How the Over Population affect the economy of the Philippines? Why we still suffering in this kind of situation, Over population of the Philippines is one of the biggest factor why we still suffering in this kind of economic problems, we have some features here like the lack of discipline in our observation we saw that those family who belong in “LOW CLASS FAMILY” have more children compare for those family in “MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY” and HIGH CLASS FAMILY. This is the one observation proofing that lack of knowledge is one cause why still the population of the Philippines is still in rising. A family is a socially recognized unit of people...
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...Environment challenges Baja has serious water problems causing the lower class community, life threatening illnesses. Because of population increasing rapidly, water waste management is poor; causing polluted waters to escape into lakes, groundwater, and rivers of Baja also contaminating drinking, and bathing water making it hazardous to human health. Performance Improvement water system, has designed a unique watering filter system that connects to the existing watering systems of Baja. The objective to this system is to filter out harmful chemicals and waste from water supply that can cause illnesses to humans. Team C recognizes the importance and necessities of clean water dedicates to bringing safe drinkable water to communities of Baja as well other countries. Team C also dedicate to developing good water management to reach the environmental goals of Baja to benefit generations present and in the future. Social Risks Performance Improvement water system will be able to provide good drinking water systems in schools of Baja to help regulate death and illnesses. Yearly children under the age of eight die from contaminated waters used in schools; these same contaminated waters are in meal preparations, as well hand washing. The Performance Improvement system can also work well with hotels and tourist, as travelers stay that can rest assure that his or her water is safe for bathing as well drinking. Restaurants will benefit from the Performance Improvement system;...
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