...State of California, and provides habitat and stop-over ground to numerous species of fish and wildlife. (Association of California Water Agencies, 2014) Because of its special geographical position, about two-thirds of salmon that migrate into California pass through the Delta, as do nearly half the migrating waterfowl and shorebirds (Association of California Water Agencies, 2014). Besides, due to the world's largest man-made plumbing job, the estuary provides 7.2 million acre-feet of water a year for export, irrigates 4.5 million acres of farmland, and provides drinking water for 20 million Californians (Association of California Water Agencies, 2014). For these reasons, the SSRD becomes the most important estuary on the west coast. Climate change and man-made modifications to the delta have resulted in many environmental and ecological problems. Problems such as agricultural irrigation, urban water usage, land use and control can threaten citizens’ lives and prosperity. Solutions to mitigate this ecological disaster mainly focus on the divisions between environmental and economic interest. To achieve long term economic growth and development, the most viable solutions address the need balance environmental improvements such as wetland habitat restoration and water quality improvements with infrastructural improvements to levee health, water transportation systems, and land use management. The location, geography, and historical function of the SSRD The Sacramento-San...
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...AE 3B Problem Solution Essay Assignment Essay’s topic: Water scarcity is one of the key environmental issue of our time. Identify some major causes of water scarcity and describe two solutions. Water plays an important role in developing and maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, water scarcity is an increasing and widespread phenomenon in many countries in the world. Water scarcity refers to either the lack of enough water or lack of access to safe water. The shortage of water is turning out to be more pressing than prediction. This essay will identify some major causes of water scarcity and specifically focus on the solutions of enhancing water stewardship and protecting wetlands. The first major cause of water scarcity is overpopulation. The rapid growth of population has led to a massive demand of water. In the last 50 years, the human population has increased more than double. Moreover, accompanying with population growth are economic development and industrialization. Population growth also results in the need of food, home and clothing, which has added more pressure on the availability of freshwater while water supplies are limited and insufficiently managed. If the consumption rate of water has continued at unsustainable levels, by 2025, two-third of the world population may face water shortage, and ecosystem around the world will suffer even more. Water pollution is the second major cause of water scarcity. It is the result of many reasons, including pesticides...
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...ASSIGNMENT ON Date of Submission: 06.08.11 INTRODUCTION This report of Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) aims to assess ADB’s future role and operational strategy in the environment sector and will also provide input to the Country Strategy and Action Plan (CSP). This CEA for 2005-2009 outlines the environmental issues that are most significant to the Bangladesh’s economy. It will also provide background information on the environmental constraints, needs and opportunities in Bangladesh. Over the given period of this strategy document, ADB will be working with the Government of Bangladesh (Gob) for the improvement of the environment sector, wherein this report may be a basis for actions and/or intervention. This work focuses on the aspects of understanding the important features of the Bangladesh environment that need to be essentially understood. The purpose of the report is to present the findings of a review done on the environment sector. The review considered the ongoing and past interventions, legal and policy regimes and finally outlined the outstanding issues facing the sector. Objectives of the study It is well established that the process of land use change leads to the alteration of existing environmental conditions of any area. The specific objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the existing land use pattern of the selected area; 2. To explore the prime causes of land use change and its Effects...
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...you Water (2012) Brand Audit ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ADV 201-Brand Building ------------------------------------------------- Tim Beaty ------------------------------------------------- By ------------------------------------------------- Mark Bell ------------------------------------------------- 00051469T ------------------------------------------------- Executive summary Thankyou Water operates in the highly competitive, 600 million dollar bottled water market in Australia. This relatively new brand is seeking take advantage of changes in social attitudes and trends in Australia. Each dollar of profit that is spent on Thankyou Water products goes toward providing water to developing nations across the world. Social changes, have dictated that consumers are more conscious of business profit; this presents an opportunity to Thankyou Water. Additionally Thankyou Water has had to be wary of changes in legislation and any demographic shifts in the Australian population. Technological changes will allow Thankyou Water to become more efficient in the distribution of its product and packaging. Thankyou Water’s competitive advantage lies in the price of its product, and the need in which it meets as a socially enterprise. With each dollar of profit going to numerous water projects, Thankyou Water, appeal to this ‘socially conscious consumer’ in the Australian bottled water market...
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...Discuss any economic resource which is scarce in UAE or a well-known country. Then analyze the pros and cons of the government procedures which have been carried out toward this problem. In your opinion, what are the most effective suggestions to solve this scarcity problem? INTRODUCTION: Economic resources are the land, labor, capital and entrepreneurial ability that are combined to produce outputs in order to meet the ever-changing needs and wants of individuals and society as the whole. They earn, rent, wages, interest, and profit, respectively as their resource payments. Good and services that are scarce are economic goods. Scarcity is the basic economic problem that is unlimited human needs and wants, in a world of limited resources. UAE is oil rich country which is in a serious danger of losing its water resource in the coming 50 years. Abu Dhabi is one of the richest emirates swallow around 550 liters of water per day by per person which is comparatively quite more as compare to other countries in the world.UAE government incurs lot of money on the energy cost as desalination plants are set up in order to provide fresh water. Desalination plants costs $18 million a day, apart from this they also have huge environmental impact. The arid climate of the country plays a significant role in the water resources availability. Rainfall, which is a main source of recharge for different water resources, such as surface water and groundwater, is scanty and extremely irregular...
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...the communities it serves. Criticisms that Coca Cola’s efforts are only an attempt to resist regulation do little in detracting from the company’s fulfillment of its corporate social responsibility. Coca Cola still fulfills its corporate social responsibility considering the limitations its capitalistic origin and identity set. Water stewardship is one of the sustainability efforts Coca Cola believes is important to fulfilling its corporate social responsibility. This stewardship includes increasing water efficiency by reducing the amount it uses per liter of product, even as production volume increases. The company has improved its water use ratio, its measure of efficiency, by 16 percent compared to 2004. It aspires to treat all wastewater from its manufacturing processes and return it to the environment. Coca Cola has achieved 93% alignment with its stringent standards, which translates into releasing 164 billion liters of treated wastewater. It would also like to return to nature and to communities an amount of water equal to what it uses in its finished beverages and production. In 2010 Coca Cola estimated that it replenished 23 percent of the water used. Coca Cola understands that, “As demand for...
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...Unit 5- Population, Resources, Environment, and Health Soc. 3483.50 Developing Societies Article 37-Is A Green World A Safer World? Not Necessarily, David J. Rothkopf The search for alternatives to oil make the problem of water shortages worse, as suggested in “Is a Green World a Safer World?” There are many consequences of the simultaneous rise and decline of petro-states. In this article the author discusses the possibility that a green world will be a better habitat for humanity. The author is doubtful and looks over the world to find out why. In a series of talking points the author examines a number of issues that will serve to disrupt those dwelling in an environmentally sound world. These include the possibility of green protectionism in the western world, the condition of oil producing countries and the water shortage that already exists and will increase in the future. Article 38-The Last Straw, Stephan Faris Appropriately titled “The Last Straw,” the article reviews water conflicts exacerbated by climate change in general while focusing on Pakistan’s unsustainable dependence on Kashmiri waters – a dependence that only exacerbates the long-standing historical, cultural, and religious animosity between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir territory. Faris reports that a shocking “ninety percent of Pakistan’s agricultural irrigation depends on rivers that originate in Kashmir.” This water comes from three of the six tributaries that India and Pakistan split...
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...Multiple Use Systems Louise Whiting, FAO Introduction Historically people, communities, and water managers have been using man-made delivery systems or natural water systems deliberately for more than a single use. In many rural and urban areas, domestic water networks are used for small-scale productive activities. Similarly, irrigation systems are often de facto providing large amounts of water within their command areas that facilitate access to water for many other uses through recharge of surface streams and groundwater. Lastly aquatic systems (wetlands including rice-based systems) provide many critical productive and ecosystem services to nearby populations (World Water Council, 2009). A recent analysis of large irrigation systems has shown that the vast majority (more than 90%) of irrigation schemes are being used for a range of uses that go well beyond the production of crops for which they were designed (Renault, 2008). Fortunately, a multiple-use services (MUS) concept continues to emerge as an increasingly effective alternative approach to providing water services for the full range of uses, aiming to meet people’s multiple water needs in an integrated manner. MUS can be understood as a participatory, integrated and poverty-reduction focused approach in poor rural and peri-urban areas, which takes people’s multiple water needs as a starting point for providing integrated services, moving beyond the conventional sectoral barriers of the domestic and productive...
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...Approximately 97% of the water found on Earth is saltwater leaving around 3% of Earth’s water as freshwater. Of this, 70% is in the form of ice in glaciers, ice caps and as permanent snow. The remaining minority of available freshwater is stretched for use by Earth’s 6 ¾ billion people for agriculture, industry, recreation, tourism and municipal use. This remaining useable freshwater is in the form of lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and general wet areas. Lakes, ponds and bogs are generally stationary bodies of water, although bogs can be a source of rivers and streams, which are moving bodies of water. Freshwater ecosystems support us many other ways too; dams can be built to harness the power of rivers to generate electricity. Rivers also provide water for irrigation and industry, processing wastes, producing timber and supplying food. Freshwater serves an important role in transporting goods via ships. They also serve for recreational, cultural and aesthetic purposes. Because of the huge demand we have on freshwater systems, they require 'Management and Policies' in order to regulate and protect them. Pollution and waste due to industrial exploitation and overpopulation are a serious threat to our freshwater resources. Residential, commercial and industrial premises are often concentrated near waterways, lakes and rivers. Historically, humans have congregated by freshwater and used it as medium for transport of goods and people. Now that we know how important water is to the planet...
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...Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term contracts. Ernest Grendi made the fraud possible, company CFO as helped by three senior accountants. These were aimed to inflate the price of the company stocks because of overstated earnings that caused them to receive sizable bonuses. However, JWP internal auditors just tolerated all of these because of their fear of being fired. In addition, Ernst & Young, the company’s external auditor, knowing the fraudulent activities, have been issuing an unqualified opinion for six consecutive years. This has been seen as a product of the close relationship between Grendi and his co-conspirators with E&Y. 2011 JAMAICA WATER PROPERTIES: A Case Study Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion...
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...How has science played a role in recycling paper and water? Scientific discoveries and applications are a large factor on the impacts on the environment. Science has helped further mankind at the environment’s expense and has also been able to fix some of the damage humans have caused and further the environment itself as well. Two of the scientific applications that have helped restore some of the damage that humans have inflicted on the environment are recycling of paper and recycling of water. The recycling of paper is a scientific application that is being used to help resolve the global issue of deforestation and the recycling of water is helping resolve Singapore’s problem of limited water resources. However there are benefits and limitations to these scientific applications and these applications have social and political factors. The role of recycling paper around the world is to reduce the number of trees being cut down for paper. Deforestation is a serious worldwide issue as trees not only provide oxygen but also take in and absorb carbon dioxide. When a tree is cut down all the carbon dioxide that it has stored throughout its life is then released into the atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse gases. The impact of recycling paper is that it can be made into other things that require the material paper provides, for example the paper that has been recycled can be turned into paper once again or used in another product like a pencil case, etc. The science...
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...Living in a teeming concrete jungle of around 20 million people is bound to come with its share of problems. But what problems in particular? The Hindustan Times undertook a survey to find out, and published the results in the Sunday edition of the paper today. Apparently, water shortages and the high cost of living are the biggest problems faced by Mumbai’s residents. 75% and 67% of people are concerned about these issues, respectively. What’s more, nearly 40% of residents say that their water supply situation has deteriorated, and only 13% of residents think that the city’s water supply situation will improve in the future. It’s a glum prognosis, but not surprising. Although, thankfully, there isn’t a water shortage where I’m living now, there certainly was in my previous neighbourhood of Kandivali West. When we moved into our apartment there, we had 24 hour water supply. When we moved out, we were only getting water for a few hours, three times a day. It wasn’t pleasant. Housing prices, which are on par with those of New York City, are also shocking. You get very little for your money in Mumbai. Overall, 30% of people said they couldn’t consider buying a home at current prices, and 53% said they could but only on the outskirts of the city. It’s that bad! We’re lucky we have our foot in the market. We own a 1 BHK in Malad West, which we bought off my husband’s sister and brother in law. The really positive thing is that it’s in an older complex that will get redeveloped in...
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...Communication and crisis The reason am I am here is because I am a director of the Saint Peter Provident emergency room management offices. I just received that the public water supplies of several towns around the Olympia area have become with a life-threating biological agent. This type of crisis of contaminated water supply is an extremely delicate situation. With this weight of people are living in immense danger. So far there has been several people have been to the emergency room because of the water supply has been contamination. Right now do not have any solid information on how our water supply has been polluted. The symptoms people must look out for are nose bleeds, diarrhea, vomiting and, headaches blurred vision, and abdomen pain. Contingency plan and must be addressed with this organization, and with the public with creating any panic. We will do all the best we can do with the power to get the water supply back under control. At this time I will be auguring a brief pre conference to ensure the community we doing all we can get this crisis is taken care of. I must keep the public at ease so they won’t freak out. I will be asking the Governor and Directory of the water supply manager to attend the press conference. As the job of the emergency Management Office to put a group that will be communication inside and outside of the organization during this crisis. The potential advantage and challenge associate with...
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...Water is an important resource for life and living. We drink water, we use water to bathe, we use water to cook, and we use water to stay hydrated. In turn, it’s very important to conserve water and use it when needed. Many people use water today without asking these questions: ‘What would I do without water?’ or ‘I wonder what it would it would be like to not have water directly inside of our houses, what would we do if we had to go out and find the water ourselves?’ That is the epidemic people in this world are faced with today. And I believe that it is fixable. Although it will be hard to notify people about this crisis it is not impossible. The unthinkable needs to be present in this mind set. What would happen if we were to run out of water in Georgia, or in a bigger aspect The United States of America! We would struggle with finding the location of fresh water, we would struggle with how to get to the water once we find it, and struggle with the decision of what is more important to use the water on. All this would be avoided if we were just to conserve water now. Water will soon dry up in certain spots and be unavailable to some people. Water conservation would be a good choice right now for later usage of this natural resource. We have to learn from what has already happened. In Africa they have very little to no water. There has been an ongoing epidemic in Africa, the problem is getting better but it is still there. We have to learn from previous misfortunes and...
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...Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh is characterized by a number of achievements and challenges. The share of the population with access to an improved water source was estimated at 98% in 2004,[1] a very high level for a low-income country. This has been achieved to a large extent through the construction of handpumps with the support of external donors. However, in 1993 it was discovered that groundwater, the source of drinking water for 97% of the rural population and a significant share of the urban population, is in many cases naturallycontaminated with arsenic. It gradually emerged that 70 million people drank water which exceeds the WHO guidelines of 10 microgram of arsenic per liter, and 30 million drank water containing more than the Bangladesh National Standard of 50 microgram per liter, leading tochronic arsenic poisoning.[10] On the other hand, surface water is usually polluted and requires treatment.[11] Taking arsenic contamination into account, it was estimated that in 2004 still 74% of the population had access to arsenic-free drinking water. Another challenge is the low level of cost recovery due to low tariffs and poor economic efficiency, especially in urban areas where revenues from water sales do not even cover operating costs. In rural areas, users contribute 34% of investment costs,[9] and at least in piped water schemes supported by the Rural Development Academy recover operating costs. Sanitation faces its own set of challenges, with only 39% of...
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