...amount of water required to make an angled water rocket fly the furthest? Name-Harjot Singh Gill Age – 16 Candidate Number-#3260-0053 Supervisor Name- Mr George Subject-Physics School-King George V School Word Count-3651 Abstract word count-237 Submission Date- 10th June 2013 Table of Contents Page Number | | 1 | Title Page | 2 | Contents Table | 3 | Abstract and Introduction | 4 | Planning | 5 | Equipment description and setup | 6 | Procedure of experiment | 7 | Variables | 8 | Table showing methods of reading and uncertainties of measure and Analysis | 9 | Analysis | 10 | Analysis | 11 | Analysis | 12 | Table showing uncertainties and errors | 13 | Evaluation and conclusion | 14 | Appendix | 15 | Photo of Apparatus | 16 | Parabolic motion drawing | 17 | Bibliography | Abstract For my extended essay, I decided to conduct an experiment; to find the answer to the following question, what was the optimum amount of water required to make a water rocket travel the furthest? What I did in the experiment was adding an initial amount of water (100 ml) to the rocket and measuring the distance the rocket travelled. After taking down the results I repeated the experiment in an effort to find out which value of water was the optimum amount, required to make it fly the furthest, I came to the conclusion that it was 120 millilitres, which made the rocket fly 25.97 meters. My initial hypothesis of the experiment was that the more water that...
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...SIXTH GRADE BOTTLE ROCKET LAB THIRD TRIMESTER LAB REPORT Objective: During the completion of this activity, you will demonstrate science processing skills, an ability to use technological design, and an ability to identify factors that affect motion and forces. Background Information: Bottle rockets are excellent devices for investigating "Newton's Three Laws of Motion": 1st Law - A rocket will remain on the launch pad until an unbalanced force is exerted, propelling the rocket upward. 2nd Law - The amount of force depends upon how much air is pumped inside the rocket. You can increase the force further by adding a small amount of water, which increases the mass expelled by the air pressure in the rocket. 3rd Law - Finally, the action force of the air (and water) as it rushes out of the nozzle creates an equal and opposite reaction force propelling the rocket upward. Ask a Question? How can pressurized water and a soda bottle be used to build a rocket? Form a Hypothesis If a bottle rocket is filled with XXX ml of water using XXX psi of applied pressure, then it should reach an altitude of XXX meters. Water LevelLESS THAN 1000ml | PressureLESS THAN80 PSI | AltitudeLESS THAN300 Meters | Procedure Materials 2 L Soda Bottle with cap Foam Board Modeling Clay Poster Board Duct Tape Scissors Water Bucket Rocket Launcher Altimeter *Remove or add materials that do/do not apply to “your” experiment.* Conduct an Experiment 1. Using only the materials listed...
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...Juan Perez English 7-8 10 November 2013 A Quantum Leap in Weaponry Philosopher Jean Baudrillard once said, “Deep down, the United States, with its space and technological refinement, its bluff good conscience, even in those spaces which it opens up for simulation, is the only remaining primitive society.” No matter how much we advance technologically we will always depend on our primitive instincts. Since the beginning of humanity people have been fighting with each other. As humans evolved so did the weapons that were used. Humans have gone from throwing stones at their enemies to sending missiles half way across the globe. As our technology advances, the innovations get applied to our weapons systems, which in turn make them more efficient and effective. Since the beginning of time, man has had a necessity to accomplish things, some things were simpler than others. When things got difficult man figured out how to use whatever he could find to help accomplish his goals. These items were later known as tools. Primitive tools were made out of wood, bone, and stone (Smithsonian 15). These were the most common materials at the time. However when the time came to defend ourselves these tools became weapons. At first weapons were jagged pieces of materials, such as pieces of broken bone, broken wood and jagged rocks. These tools were held in the palm of the hand (Smithsonian 18). Eventually the tools were shaped and tied to make handling more efficient, as well as to eliminate...
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...Science Fun: How to Make a Homemade Thermometer This project is really interesting and fun; however, it does need close adult supervision to complete it. This is a really fun addition to a homemade weather station! Project Supplies: Tap water Rubbing alcohol (do not drink this) Clear, narrow-necked plastic bottle (11-ounce water bottles work well) Food coloring Clear plastic drinking straw Modeling clay Project Directions: 1. Pour equal parts of tap water and rubbing alcohol into the bottle, filling about 1/8 to a 1/4 of the bottle. 2. Add a couple of drops of food coloring and mix. 3. Put the straw in the bottle, (DO NOT DRINK MIXTURE) but don't let the straw touch the bottom. 4. Use the modeling clay to seal the neck of the bottle, so the straw stays in place. 5. Now hold your hands on the bottle and watch what happens to the mixture in the bottle. Project Explanations: Just like any thermometer, the mixture expands when it is warmed. This makes the liquid no longer fit in the bottom of the bottle. As the alcohol expands the colored mixture moves up through the straw. If the bottle were to get very hot, the liquid would have come through the top of the straw. You can watch the thermometer and see how the liquid changes throughout the day. What happens if your thermometer is in shadow or in sunlight? What happens when it gets colder? How does wind affect the thermometer? In order to accurately read the temperature, you will need to buy...
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...challenge was to create a water bottle rocket, using 2-liter soda bottles, that will fly on demand to at least an altitude of 100 feet (30 meters) and land safely so that the raw egg aboard remains unbroken. Some specifications that our rocket needed to meet were to have a nose cone, 3-4 fins, and a crash proof container. Our rocket was required to be completely finished by the launch date, which caused us to rush through some parts of the construction process. One constraint that we had to deal with the entire time building was having no formal instructions to follow.We found this complicating because no one in our group had a lot of background knowledge nor experience about this subject matter before. Another constraint...
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...The year 400 B.C. the first rocket that ever took flight was made by a man by the name Archytas who made a wooden pigeon that could fly. Archytas showed off his flying device in the city of Tarentum and people were amazed by what this man made. Archytas was ahead of he's time because the principle the wooden pigeon used was action-reaction. That principle was not stated as a law of science until the sixteens hundreds. About three hundred years after Archytas made the wooden pigeon another man a Hero of Alexandria made a similar rocket like called and aeolipile. Legend mounted a circle on beat of a water pot. A fire underneath the pot turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through channels to the circle. Two L-shaped tubes on inverse sides of the circle permitted the gas to...
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...March 16, 1926, he launched a modern rocket that uses liquid fuel for the first time in the world. By 1935 he developed a rocket to fly at speeds of up to 800 kilometres per hour. Also by using rocket propulsion, he explored the high altitude, even the practicality of reaching the moon. It proved that the rocket would operate in a vacuum and that it didn’t need the air to push it. In 1929 in Auburn, Massachusetts, during in rocket flight, he captured scientific water. In 1932, New Mexico, he used vanes in the rocket motor blast for guidance and developed of gyro controls for rocket flight. The United States patented to multiplexing. He developed suitable pump for rocket fuel and finally from gyroscopic mechanism, he launched a rocket in 1937. Goddard supported Newton’s third law for his contribution. In 1919, Goddard wrote a scientific paper ‘How to reach the limit’ for describing his rocket. This article was published in the...
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...MP5, AK-47, Rifle, Rocket Launcher, Molotovs, Spray Can. | Weapons Package #2 | | Knife, Desert Eagle, Sawed-Off, Tec-9, M4, Sniper Rifle, Flame Thrower, Grenades, Fire Estinguisher. | Weapons Package #3 | | Chainsaw, Silenced 9mm, Spaz, MP5, M4, Sniper Rifle, Heat Seaking Rocket Laucher, Remote Explosives. | $250,000 & Full Health & Armor | | Infinite Health * | | Makes you mostly bulletproof, and fire, punches and melee attacks don't hurt you anymore. You can still be hurt by explosions, falling, getting run over, and drowning. | Infinite Ammo | | Infinite Oxygen (Lung Capacity) * | | Swim underwater and never have to worry about drowning! | Commit Suicide | | Adrenaline Mode * | | Never Get Hungry * | | Hitman level in all weapons | | Police, Stats & Gangs Never Wanted | | Wanted level never increases. Doesn't erase stars you already have. | 6 Star Wanted Level * | | Lower Wanted Level | | Decreases the wanted level by decrements of 2 each time the the code is used. | Recruit Anyone (9MM) * | | Recruit normal pedestrians into your gang. If they don't normally have a weapon, they'll carry a 9mm. | Maximum Vehicle Stats | | Maximum Respect | | Maximum Sex Appeal | | Recruit Anyone (Rocket Launcher) * | ...
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...I. Introduction: The purpose of this paper is an overview about the current space tourism industry with advanced developments of space vehicles. Until now, seven tourists have ridden Soyuz spacecraft, a Russian spacecraft, to the International Space Station. Capturing the potential demand of space tourism, many private companies began to introduce their new and well-designed spacecraft promising to enable tourist to travel to space. From now to the next couple of years, we are expected to see many launches including testing and commercial flights into suborbital and low Earth orbit. There are also some private companies, who were awarded by NASA for their space programs to carry astronauts to the space station. II. Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites (Suborbital): Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites founded by Burt Rutan designed a unique type of spacecraft. Using a mothership aircraft, the space plane will be carried to midair and then be released to launch toward the edge of the atmosphere. Using carbon composite construction, the company has introduced two version of the space plane: SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo along with two model of the mothership aircraft: WhiteKnightOne and WhiteKnightTwo. (Ref 1,3) A. Spaceship: a. SpaceshipOne – WhiteKnightOne: Scaled Composites first launched the SpaceShipOne to the suborbital in 2004 while the first of WhiteKnightOne was in 2002. Overall, the WhiteKnightOne’s features are carriage and launch of payloads up to 7...
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...February 2014 Rocket History and exploring the future My prewriting strategies I used were, research, and outline. My audience are teenagers and adults. My tone for this essay is being informative. My thesis is, although man has created many things, rockets are one of the greatest creations. My purpose for this essay is to educate people on the history of rockets, and I wanted to express why it is one of the greatest creations man has created. The horse and buggy were used to discover uncharted territories and now we are using rocket to explore the uncharted parts of space. This essay discusses the history of rocket fuel, past explorers of space, and the future opportunities in space. Although man has created many things, rockets are one of the greatest creations. Rocket fuel has changed drastically over many years, the first documented rocket was by the Chinese in the fourteenth century, and its fuel was black powder (“History of rockets- Spread of Rocket Technology”). This was the start of something big. Later in history, in the year 1261, Roger Bacon perfected the formula for the rocket; instead of just using gun powder he added saltpeter, carbon, and sulfur (“History of rockets- Spread of rocket technology”). By perfecting the formula he increased performance by staggering numbers. As people continued to experiment with rocket, a man named Robert Godard, invented a rocket that ran on liquid fuel, this was a big step for rocketry, his rocket only flew 41 feet...
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...1 Hughie E. Butler COMM/105 September 24, 2012 2 On December 17, 1903 Orville Wright took the first sustained flight of a machine. This feat started the race what is todays Aviation world. In todays world of Aviation, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Stealth Fighters and massive cargo and airline jets are a thing of the norm. Being a part of the Aviation world, I have seen many variations of all the above. From single seat T-38 Trainer Jets to the Airbus 480, they come in all sizes in shapes with one thing in common, powered flight. Thrust is the essential component for the air vehicle to leave the hold of gravity closest to the Earth. Gravity is equal to 9.8 meters/second. This means that the center of an object in relativity to the center of the Earth has a force equal to 9.8 meters of force. As you move further away from Earths center or, Gravitational Pull, the force becomes lesser. For instance, at 1000KM above the surface you force becomes 7.33 m/s and at 5000KM force is 5.68 m/s. A jet engines thrust is what forces the mass or Air Vehicle away from the earths surface causing the effect of “lift off”. Thats just the tip of the iceberg. Flight characteristics is what keeps an air vehicle in “sustained flight”. Lift, pitch, yaw, and roll are the key factors within these characteristics. Newtons third law states that forces always come in equal and opposite pairs. When the...
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...Chongwen Yang Robin Stewart AE 20C 2015/1/15 Movie Essay Teamwork is an action that several people do a specified work instead of doing by one single individual. With the help of teamwork, every team member has an appointed goal to focus on in order to increase the efficiency of whole work. The movie October Sky , which is directed by Joe Johnston, shows the teamwork of 4 high school students who become inspired to learn how to build rockets and get success in the National Science Fair. The main character Homer dreams of launching a rocket ,which obeys his father's wish as being a miner in a mining town called Coalwood. His high school teacher Miss Riley encourages Homer to follow his heart and do his best to finish his yearning rocket. At the end, Homer and his team win the prize and get college scholarships. In the real life, teamwork is also important to be applied to solve many problems. A few years ago, my friends and I worked on a group project about photosynthesis. We were required to research how photosynthesis worked and made data report. So 2 team members worked on recording the data, and another team member and I worked on finding the theory of photosynthesis from books and internet. Because of appropriate arrangement of every member's work, we finished the project very quickly. In conclusion, teamwork is necessary to people's daily lives. There are three benefits of teamwork: teamwork can make...
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...Drafting an Essay Among all the different technologies in use today, I believe unmanned vehicles have the most promise and beneficiary outcome. Unmanned vehicles are defined as aerial or ground vehicle able to sustain a flight path or guided ground path without the need of onboard crew, human pilot, or driver. Since the first recorded use of an unmanned vehicle for war fighting in 1849 by the Austrians, the technology has proven to be useful in many area such as; wildlife monitoring, agriculture mapping, thermal infrared power line surveys, law enforcement, telecommunications, weather monitoring, aerial imaging/mapping, television news coverage, sporting events, moviemaking, Environmental monitoring, oil and gas exploration, and freight transport. Today we have updated the designs and improved the technology so much and will continue to do so. With the growing use of unmanned vehicles it is predicted it could result in more than 34,000 manufacturing jobs and more than 70,000 new jobs in 3 years. “As new jobs are created, additional money is spent at the local level, creating additional demand for local services, which in turn, creates even more jobs (i.e., grocery clerks, barbers, school teachers, home builders, etc.). These indirect and induced jobs are forecast and included in the total jobs created.” Though the economic benefits will not be distributed evenly. The predicted revenues from the top 10 states in terms of job creation and additional revenue as production of...
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...Jet Green Airways Solution and Explanations We now describe Jet Green’s cost structure as follows (at least that part of Jet Green’s costs that relate to flights between Minneapolis and Atlanta). I. Costs that vary strictly with the number of passengers: Food, beverages and ticket processing $26 Fuel $20 Baggage handling $10 Total $56 per passenger II. Costs that vary strictly with the number of one-way flights Landing and takeoff fees $ 5,000 Flight crew salaries $12,000 Fuel: $2,000 + $9,600 $11,600 Baggage handling $ 5,000 Maintenance $ 6,000 Total $39,600 per flight III. Costs that vary strictly with the number of aircraft Lease of aircraft $70,000 Maintenance $10,000 Total $80,000 per aircraft per week IV. Costs that vary strictly with the number of gates Gate rental $8,000 per gate per week Abstracting from the details contained in the above tabulation, Jet Green’s cost structure can be succinctly described by the following cost equation: Total cost per week of the Minneapolis/Atlanta segment = $ (56)(number of passengers flown per week) + (39,600)(number of one-way flights per week) + (80,000)(number of aircraft leased per week) + (8,000)(number of gates rented per week) You should interpret the above cost structure as follows. If the number of flights, the number of aircraft, and the number...
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...German physicist, mathematician Publications: The Rocket into Planetary Space (1923) Remembered for: One of the fathers of rocketry and astronautics, along with Tsiolkovsky and Goddard. Quotation: "To make available for life every place where life is possible. To make inhabitable all worlds as yet uninhabitable, and all life purposeful." A Closer Look: Herman Oberth grew up in the country of Romania. As a young man, Oberth got scarlet fever and was sent to Italy to recover. While there, he read Jules Verne's "From the Earth to the Moon." He became intrigued with the concept of space travel and concluded that liquid-fueled rockets could be developed. By the age of 14, Oberth envisioned what he termed a "recoil rocket" that could propel itself through space by expelling exhaust gases from its base....
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