...Water For People—India Country Strategy 2007 – 2011 Final Draft _______________________________________________________________________ Submitted for Consideration by the International Programs Committee December 14, 2006 Glossary ARWSP BEC BESUS CAP CPI—M CSO DFID GoWB GP IEC IMF IT KAP lpcd MDG MNP MoWR NGO NWRC O&M PRA PRI PRSP RSP SWOT TRYSEM USA UT VCHP Accelerated Rural Water Sanitation Programme Bengal Engineering College Bengal Engineering and Science University Shibpur Comprehensive Action Plan Communist Party of India—Marxist Civil Society Organisations Department for International Funding Government of West Bengal Gram Panchayat Information Education Communication International Monetary Fund Information Technology Knowledge Attitude Practice Litres per capita per day Millennium Development Goals Minimum Needs Programme Ministry of Water Resources Nongovernmental Organisation National Water Resource Council Operation and Maintenance Participatory Rural Appraisal Panchayati Raj Institutions Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Rural Sanitation Programme Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment United States of America Union Territory Volunteer Community Health Promoter Contents Section Title Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.2 Review of Water and Sanitation in India Demographic, Economic and Socio-political...
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...India has a second population in the world and has various cultures. Also economy of India has become prosperous recently, famous for IT industry. However, on the other hand, there is a tremendous gap between the rich and the poor. And India has a great problem. It is water problem. “Now, about 700 million people in the world live on the situation of water shortage. Since people can get only insanitary water, 4900 children (about 1,800,000 people per year) pass away every day according to The U.N. water-resources report, a Human Development Report in 2006.” (Network Earth Village, Environment and Pease NGO, 2012)India is also one of the countries with water shortage And India have some water problems: as stated above, water shortage, water pollution and lagging behind in sanitation. First, in India, water shortage is big problem. People are forced some difficulty by water shortage. First, during the dry season, many corner of India lack water. India has three seasons, which are monsoon, dry season and, heat season. Season of monsoon from June through September, it rains heavily. However, during the season from November through March, many corners of India get dry and lack water. Besides, the rainfall for the past ten years decreased about twenty percent, and also the dry season became long because of climate change by the global warming. In addition, people are forced to walk long distances to find water...
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...An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in India Mita Choudhury H.K. Amar Nath National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) 18/2 Satsang Vihar Marg New Delhi May 2012 An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in India The level of public spending on health has been a widely discussed issue in India in recent times. Various research studies as well as policy documents have repeatedly highlighted the low level of public spending on health in India.1 In particular, public spending on health as a per cent of GDP has been the focus of discussions, as it is an indicator of the priority accorded to health in the planning process of the country. Policy documents like the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012 to 2017), the High Level Expert Group for Universal Health Coverage (HLEG), the Programme Implementation Framework of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the Report of the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (NCMH) have all endorsed the need to raise the level of public spending on health in India from around one per cent to 2 to 3 per cent of GDP. Monitoring the progress towards achieving the target level of public spending on health has been difficult, due to ambiguity in the definition of health expenditure used, and the corresponding figures reported by different government agencies. The latest Economic Survey, 2011-12 of the Government of India suggests that public spending on health was around 1...
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...of the country’s natural resources. Most sources of water are polluted by unmanaged sewage and agricultural overflow. Even though the country has made some progress, water contamination is still a big issue throughout the country. Although access to clean drinking water has improved, the World Bank calculated that 21% of communicable diseases in India are still related to contaminated water. According to water.org, In India, diarrhea alone causes more than 1,600 deaths daily, the same as if eight jumbo jets crashed to the ground each day. Hygiene is another problem that affects India, in the city and in rural areas. In rural areas of the country latrines are needed; only a small portion of the rural population has access to them. Still there is a lot that can be done, and measures that can be taken to help decrease the spread of disease in this beautiful and exotic country. Lack of Water Sanitation in India Introduction The combination of untreated biological, chemical and industrial waste as well as raw sewage has contaminated the majority of India’s rivers. The pollution is affecting the flora and fauna levels in the rivers. The rivers are used for food, drinking and bathing, transportation, agriculture and also for religious rituals. The scale of water pollution has disastrous effects on the health of the people who depend on the rivers and water supply. Geographic and Demographics India is located in South Asia. Nepal and Pakistan are located...
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...Abhiyan (Campaign Clean India) is a national level campaign by the Government of India covering 4041 statutory towns to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country.This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi. Why swachh bharat? Acc to Indian census 2011 only 46.9% have latrine facility and 49.2% defecate open but 63% people have telephone. In Jharkhand 77%, Orissa 76.6%, bihar 75.8% of the people don’t have toilet facility. Lack of awareness is main reason for people keeping the environment polluted and keeping themselves unhygienic. due to lack of sanitation 6.4% of GDP reduced. ------------------------------------------------- In Environmental Performance Index of India is 155 out of 178 countries. The Prime Minister said that according to the World Health Organization, an average of Rs. 6500 per person was lost in India due to lack of cleanliness and hygiene. He said Swachh Bharat would therefore make a significant impact on public health, and in safeguarding income of the poor, ultimately contributing to the national economy. Swachh bharat: The campaign is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and schools and colleges students of India participated in this event. Participation by Panchayat and Gram Sabha is of paramount importance for its success. It is requested to celebrate Swachh Panchayat Saptah ’from September 25th to October 02, 2014 and hold special gram sabha meeting on sanitation on October...
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...Opportunities and Challenges in Waste Water Treatment Market in India India's economy is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following strong economic reforms from the socialist inspired economy of a post-independence Indian nation, the country began to develop a fastpaced economic growth, as free market principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and foreign investment. The environment market in India is one that is developing rapidly. Environment-consciousness is gaining ascendancy thereby enhancing demand for hazardous waste management facilities. The ministry of environment and forests has identified 18 highly polluting industry sectors but the most sophisticated technology will have to be imported. There are good prospects for joint-ventures between Indian and foreign companies in this field. In a country famed for its superstitious beliefs and practices, there was no opposition - rather, there was a public welcome - to a clean-up of the Ganges which is considered a Holy River among the majority Hindus. The fact that society acknowledged that their Holy River could be polluted points to a growing understanding of environmental issues in India. And this is good news for foreign and domestic environment-related businesses. In addition to this, there are several products that India needs to import, some of which are storage containers made of, or lined with, waste-handling category materials...
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...EC1 Section 5 Illustration Essay Raphiporn (Mind) Chonlakhup 5580568 Population Growth’s Negative Aspects on Various Countries Currently, the world population is reaching an estimated number of 7,094 million people or about 7 billion (Population Connection, 2013) and is growing by 145 people every minute or 2.4 every second (CIA World Factbook, 2012). The increase in world population happens usually because of the faster decline in death rate than the birth rate due to more availability of antibiotics, immunization, clean water and increased food production which improved child lives and decreases infant mortality. Too much population growth in a region, a city or a country can result as overpopulation. Overpopulation refers to a condition when the number of the population exceeds the capacity of their living habitats and the existence of their resources, it normally occurs from the unbalanced rate of birth and deaths, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. Overpopulation is generally considered as a disadvantage as it may contribute to multitudinous problems such as environmental deterioration, low life qualities, good deficiency, and fatal issue such as population collapse. This essay will emphasize on the diversity of negative aspects of population growth in various countries on their environments, economy, and society. The major and largest factor related to my idea of too much population growth as a disadvantage towards...
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...Name Course/Number Date Instructor Name PART ONE Mumbai is a traditional Indian city regarded as the commercial hub of India and parts of Asia. The city is a collection of several islands with one of the largest population densities in the world. Administratively, the city is divided into smaller administrative regions such as Greater Mumbai and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The city is also the most populous in India, with over 12 million residents occupying the opportunities in industries and providing a massive labour reservoir for larger Asia (Census of India, 2011). The large number of people in the city has created numerous challenges in the Asian country. Demography of Mumbai The city boasts of a diverse mix of cultures and religions due to the influx of people looking for opportunities. Hindu still remains the predominant religion, with most cultural practices and lifestyle associated with Hinduism. Over 60% of the city’s population ascribe to Hindu as a religion and culture (Census of India, 2011). The rest is a mix of Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and, to a lesser extent, Jain, Jewish and Sikh religions. This religious and cultural mix gives the city a rich and diverse mix of culture, despite the predominance of Hindu. According to the Indian census carried out in 2011, Mumbai features a sex ratio of 922 (Census of India, 2011). This suggests that the number of women is almost equal to the number of men in the city. This might be attributed to the fact...
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...WATER and SANITATION in Developing Countries: Including Health in the Equation Millions suffer from preventable illnesses and die every year. M AGGIE A. MONTGOMERY MENACHEM ELIMELECH YALE UNIV ERSIT Y WORLD BANK I mproving global access to clean drinking water and safe sanitation is one of the least expensive and most effective means to improve public health and save lives. The concept of clean water and safe sanitation as essential to health is not a novel idea. In 350 B.C., Hippocrates recommended boiling water to inactivate “impurities”. The U.S. and Central Europe, where water and sanitation services are nearly universal, significantly reduced water-, sanitation-, and hygiene-related diseases by the start of the 20th century by protecting water sources and installing sewage systems. However, in developing countries, water and sanitation services are still severely lacking. As a result, millions suffer from preventable illnesses and die every year (1). Many obstacles must be overcome to improve these statistics. The integration of public health into engineering problem solving is critical, but current efforts are insufficient. Through partnerships with local communities to implement water and sanitation solutions that consider environmental, cultural, and economic conditions, progress toward achieving and sustaining global coverage of water and sanitation services will be greatly enhanced. In this article, we discuss three main themes about...
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...and distributing consumer products mainly in India. As a company we operate six main business segments, where soaps and detergents are our main focus. Our goal is to meet everyday needs of people everywhere to anticipate the aspirations of our consumers and customers and to respond creatively and competitively with branded products and services which raise the quality of life. With this wealth of knowledge and international expertise in the services of local consumers it is truly a local and global outreach company. To grow our business, some expansion is necessary to compete globally, and we have to look at our geographic marketing segment, how we will enter a new area, how we will diversify, and how we will position ourselves within the market to be successful. Located in India with more than 35 production plants HUL has a large geographic presence and is a market leader in personal products. But with HUL controlling the soaps and detergents market, there is an information gap. 1,600 children die every day in India from diarrhea, which can be prevented by washing hands (Walker). The most simple, cost-effective solution of washing hands with soap after defecation and before meals could greatly reduce the number of deaths. Proper hand washing with soap can reduce diarrheal cases by almost half and acute respiratory illnesses by 30 per cent. According to the country’s Public Health Association, only 53 per cent of people in India wash hands after defecation, 38 per cent wash...
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...Watersheds, Watersheds Water is essential to have for any living thing, any given day. Most humans use, consume, or waste the most amount of water. Humans have the mindset that water will never run out, when in fact that is just the case. Our water is slowly vanishing, being contaminated, or wasted. There are key factors to take into consideration when determining how our water is doing not only internationally, but globally. When it comes to water, the World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the main corporations responsible for passing along the information on how the water security is doing. There are more ways to infect water than to help it. The WHO clearly states on the front page of the water section of their website, “The amount of fresh water on earth is limited, and its quality is under constant pressure. Preserving the quality of fresh water is important for the drinking-water supply, food production, and recreational water use. Water quality can be compromised by the presence of infectious agents, toxic chemicals, and radiological hazards” (WHO). This is just an emphasis on the importance of being aware of the preservation of water and how it easily it can affect anything when infected. The WHO does everything in order to ensure the safety of the water and creates opportunities to become informed about the water one drinks. Water has a huge affect on anything living. Water has the same impact on the United States as it does globally. If water is contaminated, then...
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... Child Brides in India Improving Child Nutrition – The achievable imperative for global progress – UNICEF REPORT 17th-April-2013 Key fact and figures on nutrition 17th-April-2013 Trends in Divorce in India UNICEF REPORT: Water Situation in India- Situation and Prospects Khap Panchayat: Tradition v. Modernity Gender Discrimination and child abuse Child Mortality In India- UN Report 2012 Urban Mental Health in India Global Hunger Index -2011 Anemia in Urban India 10th-September-2011 Still Births in India 16th-April-2011 2011 Provisional Census Figures of Kishanganj 9th-April-2011 Sex Ratio in Bihar- 2011 Census 9th-April-2011 Census of India- 2011: A Provisional Report Paediatric HIV/AIDS in India 2nd-December-2010 India’s Progress towards MDG Goals: Report 30th-November-2010 Clean Birth Kits- Potential to Deliver 30th-November-2010 NASSO Report – 2008-09 23rd-November-2010 HIV and Drug Abuse in India 26th-July-2010 Indian States Poorer than African nations: UNDP 15th-July-2010 Changing Gender Roles 06th-July-2010 Gender Bias in Health Concerns in India 06th-July-2010 Status of Sanitation in Cities in India 12th-May-2010 Situational Analysis of Young Children in Delhi 7th-May-2010 The State of the World’ Mothers 2010 Report 5th-May-2010 Waste Management in India 3rd-May-2010 Unorganized Labor Trends in India-ILO Report 3rd-May-2010 Right to Education Act 5th-Apr-2010 World Urbanization Prospects: 2009 29th-Mar-2010 Crimes...
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...भारतीय स्वास्थ्य प्रतिनिधिमंडल से नमस्ते, or greetings from the I.H.D.(Indian health delegation). We are writing this in response to the ever-looming water crisis. This crisis is causing lots of problems in waterborne illness death rates rising and is responsible for more than a thousand children a day dying. The most lethal water problem that many of us Indians face is a waterborne illness. We have a word from one of our own here in the delegation,“The Indiffects my family and me. The more financially struggling side of my family does not have water systems (i.e. Showers, baths, sinks, e.t.c.) We don’t even have fridges to store milk. A milk lady carrying hot buckets of milk must come for us to get our needed vitamins. Instead of shower...
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...exacerbating or causing stress on local water resources in some less developed countries. Review and discuss the evidence. 1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water and estimates suggest by 2025 two thirds of the world’s population will be living in ‘water stressed situations’ (Momsen, 2004). Drinking unsafe water is a reality for many people living in less developed countries and can lead to life threatening problems including cholera. 96% of all infant mortality occurs in less developed countries and most are connected to inadequate water supplies (McDonald and Kay, 1988). As water is a necessary part of life, issues to do with water resources are hotly debated. One issue debated is connected to Coca-Cola, which has received a lot of criticism lately with questions raised over its attitude towards water resources in less developed countries. This essay will review the statement “Coca Cola’s operations have been blamed for exacerbating or causing stress on local water resources in some less developed countries” and discuss whether Coca-Cola deserves the bad press it had received. Images: (Business Week [www], Art [www], Weblo [www]) Coca-Cola, the world’s largest non-alcoholic beverage company, sells products in over 200 countries. While the company is economically successful, arguments suggest it has no concern for the environment. It has been referred to as; “A champion of unsustainable use of water globally” (Srivastava, 2006, [www]). ...
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...County: | United States | Nigeria | India | Income and Economy Population below 1.25 a day (the share of the population living on less than 1.25 per day-measure of extreme poverty: | In the United States, 0% of the population lives below 1.25 a day | Estimated since 2011, 54.37% of population lives below 1.25 per day | Estimated since 2010, 32.68% of population live bellows 1.25 per day | Gross Domestic Products (GDP per capital): | The value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year is 53,042 | The value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year is 5,602 | The value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year is 5,418 | Programs, findings, and finance Total expenditure on health: | The sum of government and private health expenditures in a given year is 17.6% | The sum of government and private health expenditures in a given year is 5.4% | The sum of government and private health expenditures in a given year is 3.7% | Availability of funding assistance from other countries: | The U.S provides other countries with funding, but does not receive any form of funding from other countries. | *PEPFAR approved funding (456,652,000) *Number of people receiving ARV treatment from programs supported by funds (673,729) *Global funds to fight Aids, TB and malaria: -Aids (485,224,677) -TB (123,999,673) -Malaria (640,835,826) | *PEPFAR approved funding (36,500...
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