...high-stakes deception? Stephen Porter* and Leanne ten Brinke University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada In this paper, we provide our view of the current understanding of high-stakes lies often occurring in forensic contexts. We underscore the importance of avoiding widespread pitfalls of deception detection and challenging prevailing assumptions concerning strategies for catching liars. The promise and limitations of each of non-verbal/body language, facial, verbal/linguistic, and physiological channels in detecting deception are discussed. In observing the absence of a single cue or behavioural channel that consistently reveals deception, a holistic approach with concurrent attention to multiple channels of a target’s behaviour (ideally videotaped for review) and changes from baseline behaviour is recommended whenever possible. Among the best-validated cues to be considered together include: illustrators, blink and pause rate, speech rate, vague descriptions, repeated details, contextual embedding, reproduction of conversations, and emotional ‘leakage’ in the face. While advocating a reliance on empirical evidence, we observe that few studies of high-stakes deception yet have been conducted. Further, some manifestations of lying are highly idiosyncratic and difficult to address in quantitative research, pointing to the need for keen observation skills, and psychological insight. A recurring theme is the need for the field to devise innovative...
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...I did not know where to start with this paper because it was such a short piece. However bullshit is used in everyday business practice and I felt the need to touch on it. I will be writing about Harry G. Frankfurt’s piece “On Bullshit.” Which after reading the piece I was not satisfied and did a little more research about it to give me a little more insight. The piece in the book compares lying and bluffing to bullshitting. He explains that lying is a falsehood and so is bluffing. The liar and bluffer are intentionally getting the facts wrong. Bullshit on the other hand is basically a counterfeit. Frankfurt uses an older Mr. Simpson from Eric Ambler’s novel “Dirty Story” and he said to his young son “Never tell a lie when you can bullshit your way through.” Frankfurt really never comes out and talks about his position on bullshit which is why I had to go and dig a little further. I found that he thinks that bullshit is worse than lying. I think ethically that he feels whether in business or in normal day life it should not be used. We are more tolerant of bullshit than lying which he leaves for us to figure out. Frankfurt explains, for a liar “Telling a lie is an act with a sharp focus” and for a bullshiter “His focus is panoramic rather than particular” (54). I do not completely agree with Frankfurt’s position on bullshit. I do not think that bullshit is worse than lying. With bullshit there is still truth. Bullshit I feel you can still see the truth it just takes the longer...
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...Reflection Paper 2 Eduardo E. Mendez HLTH 551 Liberty University Part I “Jesus answered, ‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.’” (John 14:6, NIV) Summary From the very first time man sinned in Eden, the question of deception, truth, and lies has been a difficult one. Our enemy, satan, is the father of lies. Jesus Himself said to the Jews, “You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies.” (John 8:44, NIV) Jesus is the truth; satan is the deceiver. The question remains, who is our real father? We want our answer to be Jesus, and once we receive Him as Lord and Savior our salvation is sealed, and our names are written in the Book of Life, yet who’s character do we reflect? It seems a lie can often be excused if it is said with good intentions. However, lying is never excused or encouraged in the Bible, on the contrary, many are the warnings against it including the ninth commandment which exhorts us to never “give false testimony”. (Exodus 20:16, NIV). Although not an easy task in this fallen world, it should be a Christian’s desire to be more like Jesus, and “speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in all aspects into Him who is the head, even Christ”. (Ephesians 4:15, NIV). Part II Abraham’s...
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...The Prince By Joel Plamthottahtil and Peter Martincek MBA 560 – Ethical Leadership and Sustainable Organizations Introduction Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian political philosopher, writer, and humanist who is recognized as the founder of modern political science and political ethics. Michaivelli was diplomat in Florence for 14 years but when the Medici family returned to power in 1512, Machiavelli was dismissed and briefly jailed. While in jail, he wrote a handbook called “The Prince”, which was a guide for politicians on how to rule. This book influenced the minds of other politicians, inspiring the term “Machiavellian” and establishing Machiavelli as the “father of modern political theory”. In “The Prince”, Machiavelli presented the question whether it is better to be loved or feared, which has been debated since the book came out. Machiavelli Background Machiavelli was born on the May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy. The young Machiavelli always had the desire to occupy political office. In 1494 Machiavelli obtained a job as a diplomat after the Medici family was exiled from rule and held this post for 14 years. He also gave advice on military tactics, successfully organizing infantry forces in specific Italian campaigns and establishing a Florentine militia. Machiavelli was jailed in 1512 after unsuccessfully attempting to organize a Florentine militia against the Medici family, who had returned to power. While in jail, Machiavelli desperately wanted to...
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...non-verbal communication in a speech, it has been the center of criticism from some quotas who insist that it is based on too many assumptions. This study therefore undertakes to prove that the Mahrebian model is as effective as it can get provided it is applied where it was intended to be used. The research was based solely on literature review. In particular the paper reviews the content of the Mahrebian model with specific details paid to the study that informed the model and its findings. The paper also looks into the criticisms leveled against the model. The findings of this study show that there is enough evidence to proof that the Mahrebian communication model met the standards for scientific research and is therefore authentic. The study also finds that criticisms leveled against the model miss the point by subjecting the model to situations where it was never meant to be applied. It is hoped that this study will assist people to be able to apply the Mahrebian Communication Model well so as to enjoy its full benefits. Mehrabians Communication Model The Mehrabian Communication Model is the result of two researches in non-verbal communication. In the studies participants were asked to listen to...
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...have a lot of money, which it basically says “money talks and bull crap walks” and to be power and politics goes hand in hand. There isn’t one without the other. This world that we live in today is all about politics, where it seems that you have to bend over and kiss butts just to get by or to keep your job. In order to get this or that in life, sometimes you have to know the “right” people in “higher” places. It’s not right but unfortunately that is how it is. With politics, comes along with conflicts. There are debates when it comes down to it. During the Presidential campaigning, there are debates between two people address the nation with a lot of problem solving concerning the issues of the world. One party is stating what they believe that is better for the world while the other party will beg the difference. Both parties will make each other out to be liars but in all reality, Politian’s are just that; liars. Debates are great to have to know which party will win, back down and which party will get caught up in a lie. My all time favorite of listening to Politian’s is that when they are debating, they will refuse to answer a question and will walk away. All a political debate is just a conflict between parties having disagreements about Medicare, welfare, health insurance, etc. This research paper will inform you of the United Nations Union, the European Union and the conflicts involving each group. The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after...
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...INTRODUCTION First and foremost we would like to express our gratitude towards Allah the Almighty for all His blessing and kindness upon us. We also like to thanks Dr Hikmatullah Babu Sahib for giving this opportunity for us to observe the real life event in this world. Lastly, special thanks to our group members and colleagues for their cooperation and contribution to complete this assignment about plagiarism in International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) directly or indirectly. The objective of our assignment as said by Dr Hikmatullah Babu Sahib is to do the research about plagiarism in IIUM. This is to ensure that the top management of IIUM will be more alert and take any considerable actions to those students who are actively practicing plagiarism or cheating in the exam and also using it to complete their works or assignments with intention or without intention. First and foremost, I will explain about the term that is very important in this topic. Attribution is the acknowledgement that something came from another source. This is to tell others that the ideas and work that we have done is based on others work that we take as a references. Then, there will be a bibliography which is a list of sources used in preparing the work. Meanwhile, citation is a short, formal indication of the source of information or quoted material. It is also known as the act of quoting material that we used in our assignments. Cite is to indicate a source of information or quoted...
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...planned to offer mentoring programs, these were reserved for management positions and directorships (Gray 2005). Without being able to find an individual mentor or coach, how does the average employee develop their leadership behaviors? How does the college graduate groom themselves for a leadership role? Everyone can engage in self-training. The following pages outline a basic process that anyone can engage on their own to develop their leadership behaviors and begin to make choices as leaders. It is helpful to remember that before we can be the leader of others, we must be leaders of ourselves. Those that do not take choices consciously and lead themselves fall into the roll of the follower without realizing it. While it is healthy to be excellent followers as the situation warrants, that is not going to be the focus of this training. Additionally, it is important to address the difference between habits and choices. A habit, as defined, is an acquired behavior pattern regularly followed until it has become almost involuntary. In the future, it may be helpful to develop the following behaviors into habits. Initially, however, these behaviors will be referred to as choices or to select from a number of possibilities; pick by preference. As one begins self-training, these need to be conscious and active choices. Once we consciously master these concepts they will become habits. Intention Intention is the core of everything we do. What is intention? This is the...
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...For a number of reasons, people do not always stick to the truth when they speak. Some of the reasons are justifiable—for example, humane considerations such as tact and the avoidance of greater harm. Reassuring an ungainly teenager that he or she looks great may be a kind embroidery of the truth. In a more consequential instance, misinforming storm troopers about the whereabouts of a hidden family during the Nazi occupation of Europe was an honorable and courageous deception. Honesty is not a wholly detached moral virtue demanding strict allegiance at all times. Compassion, diplomacy, and life-threatening circumstances sometimes require a departure from the entire unadulterated truth. Some vocations seem to demand occasional deception for success or survival. Politicians, for example, are especially hard-pressed to tell the truth consistently. Perhaps this is because, as George Orwell once observed, the very function of political speech is to hide, soften, or misrepresent difficult truths. Orwell was clearly skeptical about any expectation to the contrary. In “Politics and the English Language,” he put it this way: “Political language—and with variations this is true of all political parties, from Conservatives to Anarchists—is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.” Although in this case Orwell himself may have been guilty of overstatement for purposes of rhetorical effect, his claim cannot be totally...
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...Introduction I have always been able to connect better with young children rather than adults, or even those my own age. I have been told, on more than one occasion that I should look into working with children. Though, I had decided on doing just that, I wasn't planning on it when deciding on the criminal justice program here at Arcadia. As the four years of college wore on, I had the chance to work with many children, through my work at a vacation bible school, and YMCA summer counselor. I have worked with children that were trouble-makers, liars, and the best of the bunch. Putting these children together in one arena, was an experience that caused much knowledge on the interactions needed to get through to the child. Going back...
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...happy for her when she got married and started a family. But when one of them didn't seem to be, it threw Kathryn for a loop. "This one friend liked going out and having fun when we were both single, but as soon as I got married and had a child, she seemed to lose interest," says Kathryn, who has a 2-year-old and is currently expecting twins. During the course of their 13-year friendship, the woman always steered conversations to her own problems, never taking much interest in Kathryn's, especially after she became a mom. "She never wanted to meet my son and she even told me that I wasn't the maternal type," says Kathryn, who lives in New York City. That was the turning point. Kathryn had put up with her friend's self-absorbed behavior for years, but the comment made her wonder why. By the time the friend called to apologize for the offensive remark, Kathryn had already begun to reassess their relationship. "She just didn't seem able to be happy for me, and that's not a real friend," says Kathryn. "I couldn't put any more time or effort in after that." The two are no longer friends. Kathryn made a quick, clean cut, but there are several ways to let go of a friendship, whether you just want to put some distance between you or sever the ties completely. If you're not sure what you want to do, put pen to paper. "Draw a line down the middle of a page," suggests Isaacs. "On one side, list the good things that you get out of the friendship; on the...
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...Enron: Smartest Guys in the Room Introduction: Enron’s Culture of Greed Enron is considered the most infamous and notorious corporate scandal of the twenty first century, many consider it the worst in the history of the United States (U.S.). The looting of Enron by its executives, the fraud, cover-ups, greed and arrogance precipitated its fall. Shareholders, including many Enron employees, trusting the leadership, filled their 401K portfolios with Enron stock losing $62 billion. In this paper I will give you an overview of the highs and lows of America’s premier energy company, Enron. The political and economic conditions that led to the crash caused by the lack of ethics and morally bankrupt top executives will be discussed. The corporate culture of three other businesses, my former employers, will be discussed to give a greater understanding of corrupt corporate cultures and how easy it is to buy into those lies. Although these businesses are different, they share one thing, greed. To give a greater understanding of corrupt corporate cultures and how easy it is to buy into those lies. Whether its energy, university enrollment, piano/organ chain, or national wallpaper company; unethical, immoral behavior is possible. Executive Team Corruption Ken Lay became the CEO of the newly formed Enron after the merger between Houston Natural Gas (HNG) and InterNorth in 1986. Lay hired Jeffery Skilling, a consultant with McKinsey & Co. in 1990...
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...rape, are central to defining a rape culture on campus. Women have been muted in a multitude of ways, including the methods in which women tell stories, through male-controlled media, in ways women’s bodies are portrayed and analyzed, and through censorship of women’s voices. Rape is a horrible experience, so why would women keep quiet about it. Campus cultures perpetuate the `culture of silence` that exists among young men and women by fostering a culture of rape which silences experiences and advocates victim blaming (self blame) that is set ablaze by the social acceptance of rape myths, experiences not being defined as rape, secondary rape, and the absence of deterrence, all of which create an underlying tolerance towards rape. In this paper I will examine how women are affected by the rape supportive culture that exists on campuses and creates an internalization of self blame are muted before, during, and after the experience of date rape. Both male and female students contribute to muting women, thus perpetuating a rape culture in which rape becomes an expectation, or part of the social milieu. Only a male dominated society that trains men to use women as objects and that legitimizes violence as a tool to achieve personal goals with a callous indifference to the feelings of victimized others, could breed a large number of men who openly assault women they know, and in fact may even like. Is it bad enough to treat complete strangers in...
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...page 5 Prophecies Fulfilled………………………………………………………….page 6 Antiochus IV………………………………………………………………...Page 7 Antichrist…………………………………………………………………… page 8 Summary………………………………………………………………………page 9 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….page 11 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………..page 12 You have no page numbers showing. See the sample paper and Turabian for correct formatting. introduction Daniel, a contemporary of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, went into captivity to Babylon in 605B.C. when he was around fifteen years old. Jeremiah warned that the Lord would was sending the Babylonians to punish Judah. In 605 B.C. , Nebuchadnezzar led the Babylonian army to victory over the Eygptians at Carchemish, establishing control over Syria and northern Israel. Then he marched south and took some exiles including Daniel.1 “The Book of Daniel is not only one of the most intriguing works in the Bible, but it is also filled with timeless truths that are just as relevant to modern believers as they were to those who first heard them.”2 In this research paper we are going to assert that Daniel foresees the antichrist who will appear at the end of the age. There is much controversy about the antichrist. Who is he? Was he Hitler or Mussolini or some other despot that persecuted and...
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...Research Paper English 102 University Maryland University College All character in literature face conflicts whether they are external or internal, for these three short stories there are multiple forms of conflict that the characters will face that can alter the plot or theme of the story. In the first story The Gift of the Magi the main character is struggling with internal conflicts about how to get her husband a gift for Christmas. The couple only made twenty dollars a week and Della the wife only had less than two dollars to buy her husband’s gift. Della had already checked and all the gifts she would want to get for him were more than what she had. This was a poor family and the only two things they had in the world they were proud of was “The James Dillingham Young's were very proud of two things which they owned. One thing was Jim’s gold watch. It had once belonged to his father. And, long ago, it had belonged to his father’s father. The other thing was Della’s hair. If a queen had lived in the rooms near theirs, Della would have washed and dried her hair where the queen could see it. Della knew her hair was more beautiful than any queen’s jewels and gifts.” (Henrey, O). The conflict for Della was to either cut and get rid of her prized possession or to not give her loving husband a gift for Christmas. Della thought hard about her decision but in the end she chose to do something kind for her husband. If Della wouldn’t have bought...
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