...Comprehensive and/or early Weeks Know all conditions that cause splenomegaly All associated diseases with EBV Week 1 Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation Types of necrosis and pathology where most likely found. Apply the definitions of Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers Week 8 Topic 8 Fever and Chills ...
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...How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Palakkumar Patel Monroe College Abstract This paper is presenting about how to control complication of type 2 diabetes. In the USA 90% of diabetes patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. In every year lots of patients going to die due to type 2 diabetes complication. In previous studies review is presenting about due to type 2 diabetes so many complications are occurring in different part of the body and some study is presenting about due to health education we can reduce the problem in community. By doing heath education, continues health check up and doing some personal health counseling about diet and personal lifestyles.in school health education also effect on child on diet personal life styles. How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction Diabetes is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness, kidney failure, and non traumatic limb amputations; significantly higher risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, and they have a hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity; Diabetes is a the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). USA is expending $245 billion annually for health care expenditures and productivity losses and is a leading driver of growing Medicare expenditures for controlling glucose levels, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels and avoiding tobacco, singularly or in combination, reduce the incidence of costly and disabling micro- and...
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...Juvenile Diabetes Research MHA 610 Introduction to BioStatistics June 2012 Throughout a twelve week period from June through August the researcher found that (diet, weight, lack of exercise, environment and family history) have little to no impact on individuals suffering from juvenile diabetes. Juvenile Diabetes is also called Type 1 diabetes while its causes are not yet entirely understood; scientists believe that both genetic factors and environmental triggers are involved. “The word "diabetes" is borrowed from the Greek word meaning "a siphon." The 2nd-century A.D. Greek physician, Aretus the Cappadocian, named the condition "diabetes." He explained that patients with it had polyuria and "passed water like a siphon (www.medterms.com)." Type 1 diabetes is when no insulin is produced at all because the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas have been destroyed. Currently scientist and researchers do not know why these cells have been damaged the most likely cause is the body having an abnormal reaction to the cells. There is nothing that you can do to prevent Type 1 diabetes. This type of diabetes is always treated with insulin injections. Whereas type 2 can be controlled with oral medications, diet or exercise. When your child or someone you love and care about is diagnosed as Type 1 diabetic your whole world is turned upside down. I know my son was diagnosed right after his fifth birthday. There is no family...
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...Topic 4, DQ 1 The benefits of exercise extend far beyond weight management. Research shows that regular physical activity can help reduce your risk for several diseases and health conditions and improve your overall quality of life. Regular physical activity can help protect you from the following health problems. * Heart Disease and Stroke: Daily physical activity can help prevent heart disease and stroke by strengthening your heart muscle, lowering your blood pressure, raising your high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (good cholesterol) and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (bad cholesterol), improving blood flow, and increasing your heart's working capacity. Optimizing each of these factors can provide additional benefits of decreasing the risk for Peripheral Vascular Disease * High Blood Pressure: Regular physical activity can reduce blood pressure in those with high blood pressure levels. Physical activity reduces body fat, which is associated with high blood pressure. * Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes By reducing body fat, physical activity can help to prevent and control this type of diabetes. Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States for the past 80 years and is a major cause of disability. Nearly 1 in 3 deaths in the U.S. each year is caused by heart disease and stroke. At least 200,000 of these deaths could have been prevented through changes in health habits, such as stopping smoking, more physical activity...
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...BIOS 105 Week 4 iLab Case Study: Endocrine System Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bios-105-week-4-ilab-case-study-endocrine-system/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Case Study: Endocrine System Below is a case study presentation of a patient with a condition covered by one of the chapters you have been studying this week. Read the case study and answer the questions below. Some questions will ask for information not included within this chapter. Use your course text, a medical dictionary, the Internet, or any other reference material you choose to answer these questions. A 22-year-old college student was admitted to the emergency room after his friends called an ambulance when he passed out in a bar. He had become confused, developed slurred speech, and had difficulty walking after having one beer to drink. In the ER he was noted to have diaphoresis, rapid respirations and pulse, and was disoriented. Upon examination, needle marks were found on his arms and thighs. The physician ordered blood serum tests that revealed hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Unknown to his friends, this young man has had diabetes mellitus since early childhood. The patient quickly recovered following an insulin injection. 1. What pathological condition has this patient had since childhood? Look this condition up in a reference source...
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...Diabetes In the questionnaire attached to this document, we are able to recognize the signs and symptoms that my case study receives and we can then compare it against the signs and symptoms the NHS believe people receive when they have diabetes. My case study explains that she has suffered with diabetes for quite some years and was diagnosed in 2004 a year after moving to the UK from Antigua. She explains the changes she had to make in order to reduce the symptoms of her diabetes and how she has managed in keeping up the lifestyle changes. She suffers from other illnesses also and some of the lifestyle changes have helped to reduce symptoms of the other illnesses also. Diabetes is caused by you having too much glucose in the blood. The blood glucose levels are regulated by the hormone insulin. My case study has Type 2 diabetes and the following information tells us how she may deal with it. Insulin is needed for moving glucose out of the blood and into the cells where it is broken down and used to produce energy. There are many different types of diabetes including: TYPE 1 (IDDM – Insulin Dependent Diabetes) This is when the body produces little or no insulin because the immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. A lack of insulin causes the blood glucose level to become too high and the person to have a HYPERGLYCAEMIC attack. A HYPOGLYCAEMIC attack happens if the blood levels are too low i.e. too much insulin has been taken. TYPE 2 ...
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...Epidemiology Case Study 1 Managerial Epidemiology – HAS 535 – Descriptive Epidemiology Case Study: Diabetes Descriptive Epidemiology Case Study 2 Diabetes, the sixth leading cause of death in the United States is a disease in which the body has a shortage of insulin, a decreased ability to use insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose (sugar) to enter cells and be converted to energy. When diabetes is not controlled, glucose and fats remain in the blood, and, overtime, damage vital organs. In a healthy person, blood sugar levels, which fluctuates based on food intake, exercise and other factors are kept within an acceptable by insulin. Insulin, the hormone produced by the pancreas, helps the body absorb excess sugar from the bloodstream; therefore, in people with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin thus increasing the blood sugar levels making it difficult to be controlled by insulin. Type 1 diabetes, diagnosed in children and young adults (although it can occur at any age) is an autoimmune disease that may be caused by genetic, environmental or other factors. It accounts for about 5 percent of diabetes cases. Although there are no known ways to prevent it, administration of insulin is an effective treatment. Type 2 diabetes which accounts...
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...Endocrine Disorders At the end of this week, the student will be able to: 1. Describe the negative feedback system for hormone control. 2. Differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3. Identify etiologic risk factors for diabetes mellitus and early manifestations. 4. Compare and contrast hypoglycemia with hyperglycemia. 5. Describe the chronic complications associated with diabetes mellitus. 6. Differentiate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketosis (HHNK). 7. Explain the effects of excess and deficit of thyroid hormone. Learning activities: 1. Read Chapter 31-33 in Porth. 2. Access the power point presentation in course documents. 3. Answer the following study questions: a. Why would a teenager with diabetes mellitus be more likely to have acute complications than an older adult? b. Compare the manifestations of DKA and HHNK. c. Describe two chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and discuss preventive measures for each. d. Identify the effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in an adult. Complete the following case analysis: A 45-year-old female develops Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism). She is married with two children ages 8 and 10. She works full-time as a grocery store clerk and goes to school part-time two evenings each week. During the past month, her mother died in an automobile accident and her father was diagnosed with prostate cancer...
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...What is diabetes? Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high Glucose comes from the digestion of carbohydrate containing food and drinks and is also produced by the liver Carbohydrate comes from many different sources including starchy foods such as bread, potatoes and chapattis, fruit, dairy products, sugar and other sweet foods The food we eat turns into glucose (sugar) for energy The pancreas makes insulin (a hormone) to help glucose get into the cells of our body When someone has diabetes their body either doesn’t make any/enough or can’t use its own insulin as it should Glucose begins to build up in the blood Prevalence: WHO estimate in: 2000 = 177 million diabetic people 2025 = 300 million diabetic people = 9% global population IDF (international diabetes federation): 2 million diabetic people in UK with over 750,000 undiagnosed NICE: 650,000 women give birth in England & Wale each year and 2-5% (13,000-32,500) involves women with diabetes, of these: * 87.5% are Gestational Diabetes (GD) * 7.5% are Type 1 * 5% are Type 2 From 1997-2003 there was 74% rise in new cases in the UK with the West Midlands being one of the highest areas (News, 2009) Treatment: Aim: to maintain glycaemic control – regular monitoring is required Lifestyle: diet, exercise Medication – tablet or injection e.g. Insulin, rapid acting insulin analogues (Aspart, Lispro) and/or hypoglycaemic agents (Metformin and Glibenclamide) ...
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...epidemiological perspective ´ John H. Kelly Jr and Joan Sabate* Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA The epidemiological evidence for the cardio-protective effect of nut consumption is presented and reviewed. Four large prospective epidemiological studies of primary prevention of coronary heart disease are reviewed and discussed (Adventist Health Study, Iowa Women’s Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study and the Physicians’ Health Study). Other studies of nuts and coronary heart disease risk are addressed. The combined evidence for a cardio-protective effect from nut consumption is summarized and presented graphically. The risk of coronary heart disease is 37 % lower for those consuming nuts more than four times per week compared to those who never or seldom consume nuts, with an average reduction of 8·3 % for each weekly serving of nuts. The evidence for a causal relationship between nut consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease is outlined using Hill’s criteria for causality and is found to support a causal cardio-protective relationship. Nuts: Cardiovascular: Coronary heart disease: Diabetes: Cohort studies: Causality: Hill’s criteria Nuts have constituted a part of mankind’s diet since pre-agricultural times (Eaton & Konner, 1985), providing a complex food rich in macronutrients and micronutrients and fibre, as well as other bioactive phytonutrients yet to be discovered. While the amount of nuts in the human...
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...Introduction Chronic diseases are common, costly and share mutual risk factors. Diabetes is a chronic disease that effects more than 347 million people worldwide, with approximately 90% of all the cases being type II diabetes (WHO, 1999). Diabetes is a condition where the body does not produce adequate amounts of insulin or does not use the insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood, causing cells to use it for energy or store it as fat for future use. Type 2 diabetics have poor insulin sensitivity, resulting in the buildup of glucose in the blood rather than being used as energy (https://www.diabetes.ca/). A physically inactive lifestyle is one of the major risk factors for diabetes. Promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours such as proper nutrition, physical activity, quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption can help in reducing the amount of Canadians being diagnosed with diabetes and other chronic diseases. Prevention programs for diabetes implement low – to moderate intensity exercise. Although an ideal intensity has not been established, more research is showing that high intensity training may be more effective in improving glycemic control in Type II diabetes. Purpose/Question Physical activity in combination with diet and medication are the foundations of prevention, management and treatment for type II diabetes. According to research, exercise is the only treatment to show improvement in whole body skeletal...
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...Annual number (in thousands) of new cases of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18-79 years, United States, 1980-2014. (2015, December 01). Retrieved June 11, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig1.htm Aronson, R., Reznik, Y., Conget, I., Castañeda, J. A., Runzis, S., Lee, S. W., the OpT2mise Study Group. (2016). Sustained efficacy of insulin pump therapy compared with multiple daily injections in type 2 diabetes: 12‐month data from the OpT2mise randomized trial. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 18(5), 500–507. http://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12642 Bolderman, K. M. (2013). Putting your patients on the pump. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. DeVries J.H., Snock F.J., Kostense P. J., Masurel N., Heine R. J.(2002). A randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensive injection therapy in type 1 diabetics for patients with...
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...TYPE 2 DIABETES 1 Type 2 diabetes TYPE II DIABETES MALLITUS 2 Abstract Diabetes mallitus is a disease in which there are high levels of blood sugar in affected individual. It is also called as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mallitus or Adult Onset Diabets. This disease results due to a defect in the functioning of insulin in the body. It can either be in a form of insulin deficiency, or insulin resistance. Type II diabetes mallitus is a familial disease in some cases where it runs in families. In such cases, it is most commonly a result of weight gain. Obesity is a major risk factor for type II diabetes mallitus in those persons in whom there is a strong family history of diabetes. Normally, the blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dl are considered to be alarming and require confirmatory tests for diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes 3 CAUSES: Type II diabetes mallitus can either be a result of: 1. Insulin deficiency or 2. Insulin resistance. Insulin is basically required for metabolism of the blood glucose, When metabolised by insulin, the glucose is moved to its storage places in the cells and thus used as required. Insulin is produced by the islets of Langerhan’s in the pancreas. A defect in these cells results in a deficiency of insulin. Insulin resistance results due to a resistance...
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...Type II Diabetes in Pennsylvania 4/29/2015 Introduction Diabetes is a lifelong disease that occurs when a person’s pancreas stops or isn’t producing enough insulin and/or the body cannot use it. Insulin is needed to use the energy from food. The body makes glucose from food that is eaten and then the glucose goes into the bloodstream and circulates around the body. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells where it is used for energy, growth and repair. When people have diabetes, glucose cannot enter the cells. It builds up in the bloodstream until it reaches high levels, which is damaging to the body. High blood glucose levels can be returned to normal with such treatments as meal planning, medication, and regular physical activity. It sounds too good to be true on reversing Type II diabetes through exercise and healthy eating is true. While certain lifestyle changes are key to managing diabetes, whether you can actually turn back time so that it's like you never had diabetes is a different matter. That depends on how long you've had the condition, how severe it is, and your genes. "The term 'reversal' is used when people can go off medication but still must engage in a lifestyle program in order to stay off," (Ann Albright, 2015). Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes and can be diagnosed at any age. It is most commonly seen in adults. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90 to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes, more than 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the U...
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...are offered screening tests (the combined test) when they are at 10-14 weeks. The screening test involves a blood test and an ultrasound scan. If the combined test shows that your child has a higher chance of being born with Down’s syndrome you will be offered another test known as a diagnostic test. Screening tests are unable to tell you if your child will have Down's syndrome for...
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