...Title: Traumatic Brain Injury General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech the audience will better understand traumatic brain injury, what causes it, and what the effects can be. I. Introduction A. Did you realize that an estimated 1.7 million people suffer from a traumatic brain injury in the United States every year, and 52,000 of those die? And each year direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of TBI totaled an estimated 60 billion in the United States. B. According to “brainline.org,” brain injuries are most often caused by motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries, and simple falls. C. Traumatic brain injury can range from being mild as in a slight concussion to severe as an unconsciousness, coma, and even death. D. I will be telling you what traumatic brain injury is, what causes it, and what the effects of traumatic brain injury is. II. Body A. First we are going to go through what traumatic brain injury is. 1. Traumatic brain injury, according to “brainline.org” can be defined as a blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain. 2. Traumatic brain injury can be a slight contusion, generally caused by a slight bump to the head. 3. Traumatic brain injury can be a bleeding or hemorrhaging of the brain generally caused by a severe blow or the brain hitting the skull. 4. Traumatic brain injury can also result from an object such as a...
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...understand traumatic brain injury, what causes it, and what the effects can be. I. Introduction A. Did you realize that an estimated 1.7 million people suffer from a traumatic brain injury in the United States every year, and 52,000 of those die? And each year direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of TBI totaled an estimated 60 billion in the United States. B. According to “brainline.org,” brain injuries are most often caused by motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries, and simple falls. C. Traumatic brain injury can range from being mild as in a slight concussion to severe as an unconsciousness, coma, and even death. D. I will be telling you what traumatic brain injury is, what causes it, and what the effects of traumatic brain injury is. II. Body A. First we are going to go through what traumatic brain injury is. 1. Traumatic brain injury, according to “brainline.org” can be defined as a blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain. 2. Traumatic brain injury can be a slight contusion, generally caused by a slight bump to the head. 3. Traumatic brain injury can be a bleeding or hemorrhaging of the brain generally caused by a severe blow or the brain hitting the skull. 4. Traumatic brain injury can also result from an object such as a bullet penetrating the brain. B. Now that we know what brain injury is we are going to discuss what causes traumatic brain injury...
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...In this paper, traumatic brain injuries, the effects on speech and language, and the speech-language pathologist’s role with patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury will be discussed. A traumatic brain injury is a very common cause of speech and language problems. It is an acquired cause, meaning it is not present at birth. It affects many areas of communication, including cognitive and memory skills, as well as speech and language. A speech-language pathologist plays an important role in these individuals’ lives. Speech-language pathologists are responsible for both the evaluation and the therapy for the patient. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Introduction Numerous research studies have been conducted on the topic...
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...Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health issue in the United States. Each year traumatic brain injuries affect millions of Americans. Some cases often result in death while those that survive are left with severe disabilities. Every twenty-one seconds, one person in the United States is sustained with a TBI. In 2013 alone, 1.5 million Americans suffered from traumatic brain injuries. What exactly is a TBI? A traumatic brain injury is defined as an alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. TBI’s can be classified as congenital, perinatal, or acquired. In congenital and perinatal cases of TBIs, children are born with such diseases and/or physical abnormalities. Two subcategories of an acquired TBI are non-traumatic and traumatic. From there traumatic brain injuries are broken down into two more sub-categories called open and closed injuries. Open head injury is a skull fracture that is driven into the brain caused by high- momentum causes or objects to the head where as a closed head injury is a mild physical trauma, but still keeping the skull intact. Typical causes for TBI’s are falls, motor vehicle- traffic accidents, struck by/collision accidents, and sports injuries. The two main causes are motor vehicle- traffic accidents and sports injuries. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of all head injuries. These accidents cause about 28% of traumatic brain injuries. The...
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...Traumatic brain injury also known and abbreviated as TBI, it is described to different for every person, and varies depending on the circumstances. TBI is a disability that is recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and a very common injury. Playing tackle football or even romping around with siblings can cause this injury, and very commonly overlooked due to no visible injuries but can be very dangerous and life-threatening if not looked at by medical professionals. Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury: A traumatic brain injury varies from state to state. However, in the state of Kentucky the definition for students to be to be categorized by this disability “is an acquired injury to the brain caused by an...
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...Traumatic Brain Injury WUT2 Task Western Governors University A. Investigated Disease Process The disease process I will be reviewing is traumatic brain injuries. A traumatic brain injury occurs when sudden trauma occurs to an individual’s brain. Traumatic brain injuries are considered closed or penetrating. Traumatic brain injuries are categorized as mild, moderate or severe based on the amount of damage that occurs to the brain. (ninds.nih.gov, 2015) A1. Pathophysiology To understand traumatic brain injuries, we must first discuss the numerous causes of brain injury. When injury occurs to the brain, the patient encounters the primary injury that is directly related and occurs at the time of the injury. Secondary injury occurs as a result of the primary injury but often leads to a more significant sequela based on the type of initial trauma. Non penetrating injuries to the cranium that lead to traumatic brain injuries are not always related to direct blows of the cranium. Rapid acceleration and deceleration injuries along with compression injuries may lead to traumatic brain injuries. This type of injuries can lead to injuries to the brain tissue that could include compression, stretching and shearing injuries to the brain tissue. These type of injuries are classified as “diffuse axonal injuries”. Diffuse axonal injuries are one of the most common and extensive types of traumatic brain injuries. These injuries often lead to death or severe irreversible...
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...the sporting world has been dealing with head injuries in sports and finding new and better ways to deal with and prevent them. With most people involved in sport now knowing the severity of head injuries and there long term effects, it is not uncommon to hear more and more long term effect stories and how these injuries have impacted athletes’ lives. Psychological changes, brain disease, social declination, and even suicide caused from depression have been documented in recent years and has the public growing more and more curious to what the long term effects of head injuries are and what the best way to deal with them is. For professional athletes, the “loss of identity is evident”(Caron 175) and some may even lose their whole livelihood due to head injuries. In this paper I will be examining the aforementioned long-term effects of psychological changes, brain disease, and deterioration of social abilities. Long term effects of head injuries are an epidemic and by identifying these effects and being aware of symptoms or signs may help us better understand them. In recent years, psychological problems have been identified as one of the most prevalent effects caused by concussions in the long term. The sudden deaths of N.H.L players Rick Rypien, Derek Boogard, and Wade Belak all within a year due to suspected suicides shook the sporting world and made more people realize the severity of depression in sports due to head injuries. All of these hockey players were known “fighters”...
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...Brain Injuries Learning Team A University of Phoenix PSY 340 Biological Foundations of Psychology 28 March 2016 Abstract Thesis Statement: In this paper we will discuss different kinds of brain injuries, the functions of neural plasticity and the limitations of neural plasticity. The first thing that is discussed in the paper in different brain injuries. We go into depth about five different brain injuries that include blood clots, hematomas, concussions, strokes and cerebral edema. Once we have covered brain injuries we discuss the functions of neural plasticity in brain injuries. An important thing that is discussed with neural plasticity is the recovery from a brain injury, what is required during recovery and how long recovery from a brain injury can take. The last thing that is discussed in this paper is the limitations of neural plasticity with brain injuries. Keywords: brain, injuries, plasticity, neural “Each year, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent disability. TBI is a contributing factor to a third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the United States.” (cdc.gov) Robert has experienced a traumatic brain injury that is going to affect him for the rest of his life. Brain injuries are serious, and should be treated as such. For some people brain injuries go unnoticed and untreated leaving it to be deadly, but for others it is caught and treated but the healing process is extensive. In...
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...Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Carrie Massey Grand Canyon University SPE 526 December 03, 2012 Abstract There are several different types of intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, severe and multiple disabilities, and deaf-blindness. Understanding the causes and characteristics of these disabilities is important in determining what is needed in the learning environment to ensure that students with intellectual and other disabilities have access to the quality education they deserve. Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities There are several different types of intellectual disabilities that can affect a child’s educational abilities. It is important that teachers and parents understand the causes and characteristics of the different types of intellectual disabilities in order to ensure that all students are provided with a quality education. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by a number of factors or incidents, and can vary from person to person in severity, symptoms and effect on their ability to learn and function. Understanding the causes and effects of such disabilities will assist educators in developing proper teaching methods, accommodations and special materials needed to optimize the learning environment. Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is defined by deficient intelligence and adaptive behavior that...
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...Education Article Review 2 November 27, 2012 Source and Issue Statement “Brain Injured Students At My School? In My Room?” by Bobbin Kyte Cave comes from The Clearing House journal and was published in 2004. This article discusses traumatic brain injury and how it relates to an educational environment. It outlines some of the causes of TBI, what results from a brain injury, how the law intertwines with TBI and which educational interventions are successful for students with a brain injury. Critique The background information provided about TBI is thorough, but some areas if the paper could use more empirical support. For example, the first paragraph of the manifestation section could use some support for the idea that, “Students with brain injuries often have good memory for prior learning but exhibit an inability to connect new learning to prior knowledge,” (Cave, 2004). This could be a result of the author’s professional experiences as a psychological development counselor, but nothing directly indicates that. Another area that is in need of empirical support is the second paragraph on page 172. The statement that begins, “Students with brain injuries find it helpful when…” appears to be a matter of opinion without the research to lend credibility to this statement. Overall the manifestation section of the article is very thorough in its coverage of the many different ways in which brain injuries affect individuals. The author at one point makes a great transition from the...
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...disabilities, health impairments, and traumatic brain injuries are in every school. Students that have emotional and behavioral disorders look just like every other ‘normal’ students. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) emotional disturbance is defined as a condition exhibiting one or more characteristics over a long period of time that affects their education performance. Children with emotional disorders are unable to show proper behavior, maintain healthy relationships, and suffer from depression and/or anxiety. There is no known cause for emotional or behavioral disorders, but some can result in genetic, biochemical, or neurological influences. Physical disabilities are more noticeable, because the student are physically different than other children. Some may have require special equipment that helps them move about in the world. Some may need canes, walkers, crutches, or even wheelchairs. Students with health impairments have limited alertness and strength. They also have an amplified watchfulness to environmental motivations. Normally a health problem, chronic or acute, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette’s syndrome, diabetes, asthma, leukemia, epilepsy, etc. can contribute to a student’s heath impairment. Injuries such as closed head trauma, items piercing the brain, poisons of the brain, tumors, hypoxia, and strokes can cause a traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injuries causes some type of loss of their communication...
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...* What is the job of the central nervous system (CNS)? The central nervous system, also known as the CNS, consists of three(3) major components of the human body: * Brain – the brain is made up of three(3) parts: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, and the hindbrain. * Nerve Tissue – this part of the CNS is comprised of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. * Spinal Cord – protected by vertebrae in the back, the spinal cord is made up of fiber tracts and spinal nerves. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 1) One of the two major divisions of the human body’s nervous system, the central nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. In other words, its job is to get information from the body and send out instructions to the body. * What is the job of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? The peripheral nervous system, or PNS, is made up of two(2) components of the human body: * Afferent System – this system is made up of somatic and visceral sensory neurons. * Efferent System – this part of the PNS controls the somatic nervous system (somatic motor neurons), as well as the parasympathetic nervous system, both of which are made up visceral motor neurons. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 2) The other major division of the human body’s nervous system, the peripheral nervous...
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...A traumatic brain injury can occur from any type of direct force to the head. It can be sudden, such as that which is caused by a quick blow to the head from a boxing tournament. Or it can come on later because of the inflammation and swelling that results from some type of brain surgery to remove a tumor. But either way, the damage that it leaves behind is lasting. And while doctors do their best to warn their patients of the potential side effects that they could have, it is still shocking for those who don't fully understand why they don't feel the same afterwards. So to help make the adaptation to life a little easier, the following is more information on some of the effects of brain trauma on daily life. Emotional Effects It is common for those who have traumatic brain injuries to become depressed and anxious afterwards. This can be caused by PTSD from the accident. But it also often occurs when a person is unable to return to their job or do the hobbies that they used to love. Some people have also reported that they had a loss of inhibitions, which caused them to no longer be able to control the things that they say or do. For example, they might laugh at inappropriate times or blurt out rude comments....
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...collision that has taken place on the football field? This is an occurring issue that we see happen in our daily lives. Every now and then, you hear in the news about an athlete coming down with a concussion. Concussions arise when an athlete experiences a vicious blow to the brain. Over the years, the National Football League has made efforts to make the game safer by implementing helmets and protective gear. But the use of safety equipment in the NFL has still not solved the problem of a degenerative brain disease called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). “In CTE, a protein called Tau forms clumps that slowly spread throughout the brain, killing brain cells” (Concussion para. 1). CTE...
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...mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. It is typically defined as a head injury with a temporary loss of brain function. Symptoms Symptoms include a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, which may not be recognized if subtle. A variety of signs accompany concussion including headache, feeling in a fog, and emotional changeability. In general, the signs can be categorized into physical signs, behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances. It is not clear exactly what damage is done and how the symptoms are caused, but stretching of axons and changes in ion channels are involved. Cellular damage has reportedly...
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