...Dr. Murad Abel Validity, Reliability Equals Credibility “The volume of your voice does not increase the validity of your argument” (Maraboli, 2010). In order for an assessment to be sound, they must be free of bias and distortion. Reliability and validity are two concepts that are important for defining and measuring bias and distortion. To have the credibility that you deserve you have to have reliability and validity in everything you do. (Kimberline & Winterstein, 2008). Reliability refers to the extent to which assessments are consistent. Just as we enjoy having reliable cars, we strive to have reliable, consistent instruments to measure student achievements. Another way to look at reliability is the kitchen scale. If at 6 am in the morning set a bag of apples on the scale and it weighed 5 lbs., it will also say it weighs 5 lbs. at 10 am, if you have not changed anything in the bag, that would mean your scale is reliable and it would have credibility. (Kimberline & Winterstein, 2008). Validity refers to the accuracy of an assessment-whether or not it measures what it is supposed to measure. Even if a test is reliable, it may not provide a valid measure. Let’s imagine a bathroom scale that consistently tells you that you weigh 130 pounds. The reliability (consistency) of this scale is very good, but it is not accurate (valid) because your actual weight is 140 pounds. Since teachers, parents and school districts makes decisions about student’s based...
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...Plastic Doll 1. What is the difference between energy and power? What is a unit of power? How does speed relate to power? .energy is the ability of doing work while power is the rate at whch work is done unit of power = Watts = 1J/s power = force * velocity 2. Explain how a sound is actually a form of energy? In what medium do sound waves travel? The longitudinal waves generated by sound will create a wave that transfers at some rate , corresponds to transfer of energy. They travel in all states of matter, but speed will be different in different matters. 3. Give an example of change of energy from potential to kinetic; from kinetic to potential. The water falling from the mountains stores kinetic energy.....when falls its potential energy..... and the danamo kept under it gives us ELECTRICITY.... 4. What is a trophic level? Give some examples. How much energy is lost at each trophic level? The trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain -what it eats, and what eats it. In an ecosystem there is almost always some foundation species that directly harvests energy from the sun, for example, grass. Next are herbivores (primary consumers) that eat the grass, such as the rabbit. Next are carnivores (secondary consumers) that eat the rabbit, such as a bobcat. There can be several intermediate links, which means that there can be another layer of predators on top, such as mountain lions, which sometimes eat bobcats. The larger...
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...(A.) Introduction This paper provides an overview of how the various component of the Black Scholes model impact the option price and to what degree. The 6 determinants of the BS model namely stock price, strike price, time to expired, volatility, risk free interest rate and dividend are explained as well as their relative impacts of Call and Put prices. This is followed by discussions of a case study on a company UWA which has decided to change its performance rewards policy from bonus payout to an options offer and whether the management would actually benefit from such a program. Finally another case study covering the financial relationship between Macdonalds Corporation and its subsidiary in UK and the various arrangements between the firms. The paper analyses the benefit of hedge policies using cross currency swaps and whether Macdonalds should recognize its profit and loss for Cross currency swaps as OCI (Other Comprehensive Income) in its Revennue statements and the potential impacts. This submission is part of the Main Assignment for the Advanced Treasury Management – Financial Engineering module as part of MSC 25 course. (1a.) is the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distributionS is the spot price of the underlying assetT − t is the time to maturityK is the strike pricer is the risk free rateN(d1) and N(d2) represent log normal distribution values. | Options are derivative instruments that give investors the right to buy or sell...
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...obtain the goal. The definition has three key elements that are energy, direction and persistence. The energy element is used to measure of intensity, drive and also vigour. A motivated person always put their effort and work hard as to obtain what they want. High level of the efforts does not necessarily lead to the job performance unless the effort is going thoroughly in a direction that gives benefits to the organization. Perhaps, the effects that we put directly toward and being consistent with the organizational aim is one of the effort kinds that we want from employees. Finally, motivation includes a persistence dimension is a part of what employees can contribute to persist in putting the effort to achieve the goals. The theories motivation can be divided into two groups which are “Early Theories of Motivation” and “Contemporary Theories of Motivation”. The “Early Theories of Motivation” were important as they represent the foundation from which contemporary motivation theories were developed and there still many of managers practising the skills. The “Contemporary Theories of Motivation” represent the current explanation of the employees. AN ENTREPENEUR 1. INDIVIDUAL TO BE MOTIVATED An entrepreneur is someone who exercises initiative by organizing a venture to take benefit of an opportunity and, as the decision maker, decides what, how, and how much of a good or service will be produced. An entrepreneur supplies risk capital as a risk taker, and monitors and...
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...A. Background Burberry was founded in 1856 when 21 year old Thomas Burberry, a former apprentice to a country draper, opened an outfitters shop in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England. Business thrived and by 1870 Burberry became known as an 'emporium' with an increased focus on the development of outdoor wear for local residents and visiting sportsmen who frequented the store. In 1879, Thomas Burberry invented gabardine - a breathable fabric made using an innovative process whereby the yarn was waterproofed before weaving. This fabric was not only water-resistant but also extremely durable. A patent was taken out in 1888. In 1891, Thomas Burberry opened his first shop in London at the Haymarket, now the site of Burberry's corporate headquarters. In 1901, Burberry was commissioned by the War Office to design a new service uniform for British officers. The Burberry check, registered as a trademark, was introduced as a lining to the trench coat in 1924. Soon the red, camel, black and white check became synonymous with Burberry. Burberry also played an important part in aviation, producing specially designed garments for aviators. The Burberry check had been primarily used as a coat lining until a presentation in 1967 saw the trademark design applied to umbrellas, luggage and scarves. In 1970, Burberry opened a New York flagship store at East 57th Street. The 1980s were a period of retail development in the United States. Burberry complemented the New York flagship with store openings...
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... QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW 1. What are the four basic assumptions about individual preferences? Explain the significance or meaning of each. (1) Preferences are complete: this means that the consumer is able to compare and rank all possible baskets; (2) Preferences are transitive: this means that preferences are consistent, in that if bundle A is preferred to bundle B and bundle B is preferred to bundle C, then we should be able to conclude that bundle A is preferred to bundle C; (3) More is preferred to less: this means that all goods are desirable, and that the consumer will always prefer to have more of a good; (4) Diminishing marginal rate of substitution: this means that indifference curves are convex, and that the slope of the indifference curve increases (becomes less negative) as we move down along the curve. As a consumer moves down along her indifference curve she is willing to give up fewer units of the good on the vertical axis in exchange for one more unit of the good on the horizontal axis. This assumption also means that balanced market baskets are preferred to baskets that have a lot of one good and very little of the other good. 2. Can a set of indifference curves be upward sloping? If so, what would this tell you about the two goods? A set of indifference curves can be upward sloping if we violate assumption number three; more is preferred to less. When a set of indifference curves is upward sloping, it means one of the goods is a “bad” in...
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...while dribbling. Literature Review The NBA (National Basketball Association) is the governing body for professional basketball in North America. In order for a basketball to meet regulation standards for professional games, the NBA states on page ten of their rule book in section II.f.(1) “ The ball shall be an officially approved NBA ball between 7 ½ and 8 ½ pounds of pressure” (National Basketball Association, 2013). The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) states in its rulebook in section 16, article 7 that “when [the ball] is dropped to the playing surface from a height of 6 feet measured to the bottom of the ball, it will rebound to a height, measured to the top of the ball, of not less than 49 inches when it strikes its least resilient spot nor more than 54 inches” (National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2014). It is standard for the NBA, FIBA, and NCAA to use only leather bound balls. The ball must be a maximum circumference of 29 inches according NBA and NCAA standards. The NBA does not list a maximum or minimum rebound height only a maximum and minimum PSI. On the contrary, the NCAA does not list PSI regulations, only a maximum...
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...Purpose: What is your purpose in doing this exercise? What are you trying to accomplish? The purpose of this exercise is to hopefully resolve my problem that I am currently facing. I am trying to accomplish weightloss. Hoping, to lose 30 pounds by the end of the summer. Because, I would like to be healthy for myself and my children. Relevance, I should have been more clearn with the statement at hand. By answering the question more clear. 2. Question at Issue: What is the key question you are asking? Key Question: Am I able to lose 30 pounds by the end of the summer? List any secondary questions you will need to address: What types of foods will I need to eat? How much exercise will I need daily to achieve my goals? Accuracy- Are the questions really necessary to losing weight? Could I have chose an more accurate question? 3. Point of View: Whose point of view do you need to consider? The main point of view that I need to consider would be my own. Secondly, my children's point of view, because I do care what they think. I could have used better clarity. Painted a better picture. So that as the reader, you're able to picture in detail, to whom I am referring to. 4. Concepts: List and define the most important ideas or underlying principles that you need to understand. What else do you need to know about these concepts? Counting Calories- A calorie is a measure of energy, just as a volt is a measure of electricity...
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...Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority Contents 1 2 Introduction to the Scottish Qualifications Authority Introduction to the Unit 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 What is the Purpose of this Unit? What are the Outcomes of this Unit? What do I Need to be Able to do in Order to Achieve this Unit? Approximate Study Time for This Unit Equipment/Material Required for this Unit Symbols Used in this Unit 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 11 18 24 31 37 41 51 60 68 75 DE3H 35 Assessment Information for this Unit 3.1 What Do I Have to Do to Achieve This Unit? 4 5 Suggested Lesson Plan Learning Material 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 Setting the Scene Outcome 1 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Outcome 2 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2004 Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 6 7 8 9 Section 5 Section 6 Outcome 3 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 85 92 99 104 108 112 115 119 121 135 135 Additional Reading Material Solutions to Self Assessed Questions and Activities Copyright References Acknowledgements © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2004 DE3H 35 Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority 1 Introduction to the Scottish Qualifications Authority This Unit DE3H 35 Economics...
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...BMI for Children and Teens WHAT IS BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)? BMI is a number calculated from a child’s weight and height. BMI serves as a fairly reliable indicator of how much of a child’s weight is composed of fat. BMI does not measure body fat directly. Rather, it is considered an alternative to measuring body fat directly, which is difficult and can be expensive. HOW IS BMI USED WITH CHILDREN AND TEENS? BMI is used as a screening tool to identify possible weight problems. In children and teens, BMI is used to check for obesity, overweight, healthy weight, or underweight. HOW IS BMI CALCULATED AND INTERPRETED FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS? BMI measures weight in relation to height. This is done by measuring the body weight compared to the child's height. It is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared, or by dividing weight in pounds by height in inches squared and multiplying by 703. Charts are available to figure this out quickly and easily....
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...(SCC) produces bags of concrete mix for its customers. These bags have a stated weight of 40 pounds per bag. Given the steep penalties for under filling bags, SCC sets a target of 41 pounds per bag to ensure under filling due to natural variations still remain above the 40 pound threshold. Historically, they have operated with a single production shift, but have recently added a second shift to meet their growing demand. Management is interested in a full analysis of their process to ensure that the control limits and capabilities are within reason, and to ensure that the addition of a second shift isn’t causing issues to their process. To accomplish this, a data set was constructed. Ten bags were tested every hour during each of the two separate eight hour shifts. This continued for five days to give us 800 observations, 400 from each shift. The samples provided were analyzed for management using statistical process control methods, control charts for attributes, and capability analysis. This included X & R control charts, P-charts, C-charts, and capability analysis. The interesting finding was that all the control charts displayed variations and fill levels completely within the limits. Also, defective bags, defined as those filled to less than 40 pounds, occurred within acceptable limits. Despite all this, the capability analysis with our chosen bounds of 40 pounds to 42 pounds failed to meet the 3σ threshold. Upon this determination, we returned to re-analyze our findings...
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...Chapter 5 Bridget currently consumes 4 bottles of wine, and 10 pounds of cheese every week. Each bottle of wine costs $10. Each pound of cheese costs $4. The last unit of wine added 50 units of utility. The last unit of cheese added 40 units of utility. Item |Wine |Cheese | |Marginal Utility |50 |40 | |Price |$10 |$4 | |Marginal Utility/Price |5 |10 | | Is Bridget making the utility maximizing choice? Why or why not? No. Bridget is not making the utility maximizing choice. Even though wine adds 50 units of utility, it still does not make up for the price. The marginal utility divided by the price for wine is 5, even though the last unit added 50, she is still spending 10 dollars per unit. While the last unit of cheese added only 40 units of utility, the cost is still only 4 dollars for those 40 units. Which means that she is not maximizing her utility. She can get way more units of utility, while spending less if she purchases more cheese than she does wine. If not what should she do instead? Bridget should purchase more cheese than wine. Since the numbers at the bottom do not equal each other, she needs to figure out a way to maximize her utility. She could instead purchase less wine and more cheese. Which would maximize her marginal utility. She would have more to spend on the cheese, which means she would have more to allocate towards spending on cheese. Chapter 6 USA Today, Newsweek- losing $20 million a year because the sale of print newspapers...
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...ECO 212 Final Exam To purchase this Tutorial click below link : http://homeworkgallery.com/index.php/product/eco-212-final-exam/ ECO 212 Final Exam A 1)Economics does not study correct or incorrect behaviors, but rather it assumes that economic agents make the best decisions given their knowledge of the costs and benefits. What term best describes this behavior? 2) By definition, what is economics the study of? 3) What is the term in economics by which a group of buyers and sellers of a product come together to trade? 4) Which of the following statements describes the actions of producers in the circular flow model? 5) If a commercial dairy farm wants to raise funds to purchase feeding troughs, in which market does it do so? 6) Which of the following is not a critical function of the government in facilitating the operation of a market economy? 7) If demand is inelastic, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is 8) Economists in general 9) A demand curve which is ________ represents perfectly inelastic demand, and a demand curve which is ________ represents inelastic demand. 10) A decrease in the price of GPS systems will result in 11) At a product’s equilibrium price 12) If, for a product, the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, the market price will fall until 13) Marginal revenue product of labor for a competitive seller is 14) Let MP = marginal product, P = output price, and W = wage, then the equation that represents the...
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...policyholders submit a claim during the year. 15 policyholders are selected randomly. What is the probability that at least 3 of them submitted a claim the previous year? 3. When a class interval is expressed as 100 up to 200, _________________________. 4. A coffee manufacturer is interested in whether the mean daily consumption of regular-coffee drinkers is less than that of decaffeinated-coffee drinkers. A random sample of 50 regular-coffee drinkers showed a mean of 4.35 cups per day, with a standard deviation of 1.2 cups per day. A sample of 40 decaffeinated coffee drinkers showed a mean of 5.84 cups per day, with a standard deviation of 1.36 cups per day. What is your computed z-statistic? 5. You perform a hypothesis test at the .05 level of significance. Your computed p-value turns out to .042. What is your decision about the hypothesis? 6. In a distribution, the second quartile corresponds with the __________. 7. The MacBurger restaurant chain claims that the waiting time of customers for service is normally distributed, with a mean of 3 minutes and a standard deviation of 1 minute. The quality-assurance department found in a sample of 50 customers at the Warren Road MacBurger that the mean waiting time was 2.75 minutes. When you perform a test of hypothesis, what would be the resulting p-value? 8. The first card selected from a standard 52-card deck was a king. If it is returned to the deck, what is the probability that a king...
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...What is Truth? Without thinking deeply about it, truth seems like a concrete concept. As children, we learn that everything we do, or say, fits in a box of either true or false. A statement or story is correct, real or genuine and anything else is a lie, deceitful or incorrect. The reality is that some stories do not necessarily fit in those boxes, and truth is more fluid than we learn. The definition given by Merriam Webster is “agreeing with the facts : not false : real or genuine.” Understandably, there are some truths that are irrefutable. It is a fact that the sky is blue, and that we breathe oxygen. Storytelling, however, does not have to be so concrete. I believe that truth can be concrete, fluid or ambiguous in certain situations depending on what the speaker is trying to express. There will always be concrete truth. These are details that are told with such certainty that nothing contradicts it. Those details are the ones we can identify as children. We all learned things about ourselves and the earth that are correct one hundred percent of the time and the authenticity is...
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