...When I hear the word privilege it could mean many different things. Most people think of America as a whole, but on the other hand others think of the rich class in general. “Privilege is the sociological concept that some groups of people have advantages relative to other groups. The term is commonly used in the context of social inequality, particularly with regards to social class, race, age, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.” When some think of privilege many refer to social class, like they kind of life you live. Many think that privilege means one is a rich kid who always get their way. If you really think about it the concept of privilege dates back to the early 1900’s when the American sociologist did not think much about the African Americans nor about the effects of racial discrimination....
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...race, each person possesses a different point of view on what it truly means, depending on his or her previous experience. Here in the United States, race is far more complicated. A perfect example that captures exactly how divisive the issue of race can be is white privilege. At first mention, the word can cause a feeling of discomfort. Although, it is not intended to do so. Overtime, the idea has gained awareness, which has led some groups to believe that white Americans are born more privileged than the rest of the population. In turn, this perspective is being met with a fair amount of criticism. Similarly, the article Yes, You Can Measure White Privilege, published on The Root, attempts to address this aspect of the race issue. It argues that white privilege exists, but not in the way that people believe it does. Not only that, the author offers up all the ways that the privilege can be measured. So as to avoid confusion, Harriot makes...
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...Privilege, Power, and Oppression Name Institution Privilege, Power, and Oppression I am not merely an individual; I am a product of a system of privilege. This is Tim Wise's position about how the community participates in constructing an individual. His primary concern is social privilege. Maybe the privilege never favored him, and privilege made him work hard. The system of privilege shaped the direction of his life. The hardships caused by lack of privilege and the real life brought by privilege is his construction: a product of the system of privilege. He is conscious about the power and legacy of privilege in the society (Tisdell, 1993). He says that Politicians often talk about issues like housing, poverty, healthcare and education, but they rarely link them to the role that racism plays in the United States. He adds that the media often reports personal crimes while under-reporting organized and traditional discrimination. In the country, Black and Latino males are most prospective to have their cars stopped and searched for drugs. Tim’s argument regarding the color-blind perspective relates completely to the issue of the privilege system. In the system, color-blindness is treated like an inability. Talking about the realities race, oppression and white privilege make people uncomfortable. There are races that feel superior and their position oppresses the minorities. Institutional privilege and inequality exist in every society, including...
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...In the article White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Back Pack, Peggy McIntosh explains how white people have an unearned advantage in society solely due to the colour of their skin. The first important aspect of the article is that McIntosh argues that white people gain this privilege from the prejudice we attribute to people of colour. These ideas people have, put people of colour at a disadvantage in comparison to white people. The preconceived ideas people have about others affects their opinions causing them to undervalue people belonging to particular racial groups. Examples of these ideas are: that a certain race is uneducated, that a certain race is incapable performing certain tasks, or that one race is superior to another, also known as ethnocentrism. Since being white is an asset, it opens many doors for white people to rise to the top (McIntosh 8), while the undervalued people of colour are being held back. The fact that this happens and while people remain oblivious to white privilege, allows the current “taxonomy of privilege,” (McIntosh 9) to remain. Another important aspect of the article is that McIntosh acknowledges that all white people are not racist, but they “are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege,” (McIntosh 3). If they do not see white privilege as being real, they will be less inclined to agree that other races are not treated as fairly and they will also not attempt to do anything to help the under privileged groups. In society today...
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...What is an enrolled agent?Enrolled agents (EAs) are America's Tax Experts. EAs are the only federally licensed tax practitioners who specialize in taxation and also have unlimited rights to represent taxpayers before the IRS. What does the term “enrolled agent” mean?“Enrolled” means to be licensed to practice by the federal government, and “agent” means authorized to appear in the place of the taxpayer at the IRS. Only enrolled agents, attorneys, and CPAs have unlimited rights to represent taxpayers before the IRS. The enrolled agent profession dates back to 1884 when, after questionable claims had been presented for Civil War losses, Congress acted to regulate persons who represented citizens in their dealings with the U.S. Treasury Department. How does one become an enrolled agent?The license is earned in one of two ways, by passing a comprehensive examination which covers all aspects of the tax code, or having worked at the IRS for five years in a position which regularly interpreted and applied the tax code and its regulations. All candidates are subjected to a rigorous background check conducted by the IRS. How can an enrolled agent help me?Enrolled agents advise, represent, and prepare tax returns for individuals, partnerships, corporations, estates, trusts, and any entities with tax-reporting requirements. Enrolled agents’ expertise in the continually changing field of taxation enables them to effectively represent taxpayers at all administrative levels within the...
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...1. What is the Principle of Least Privilege? In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module must be able to access only the information and resources that are necessary for its legitimate purpose. 2. What does DACL stand for and what does it mean? DACL stands for Discretionary Access Control List. Discretionary access control lists (DACLs, but often shortened to ACLs) form the primary means by which authorization is determined. An ACL is conceptually a list of pairs, although they are significantly richer than that. 3. Why would you add permissions to a group instead of the individual? To grant hierarchical access to teams or groups such as company departments or development teams. 4. Why would you allow shared access to groups instead of to everyone? Allowing shared access to groups rather than to everyone limits access to only those added to that group. This helps keep the information secured to only those who need access. 5. List at least 3 different types of access control permissions you can enable for a file. read, write, execute 6. Which access control permissions allow you to delete files and/or folders? modify and full control 7. What is the lowest level permission needed in order to view the contents of a folder? read 8. If you don't remember the syntax when using iCalcs.exe what command do you type in to see...
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...Yet sister A did not mean to offend her. The point is that for Sr. B, African sisters, is offensive name that reminds her, the oppression that she suffered from colonization. In Zimbabwe during the colonial time, there was history of segregation between white and black. So being called African entails more than just being from the African continent. However, for Sr A who had not been oppressed due to her race and ethnicity, did not see why the other sister was offended. Even though these two sisters were not in a therapeutic setting, they may portray a counselor and a client. What if Sr. A was a counselor and Sr. B a client or vice versa? The essential point is that we as counselors have to know that these concepts exist, influence our personal value and belief and those of the client. Both the client and the counselor have their personal identity such as race, gender, social class and belong to a minority or dominant group. This identity shape on the client and the counselor see themselves, how they believe other perceive them and how they...
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...highway to your computer. But what if this highway had a toll booth with three options; an extremely expensive ipass allowing rich websites to pass easily to your desktop, a normal priced toll with no ipass slowing down poorer sites, and the toll could turn away any website they like. Internet service providers are trying to push for this kind of internet, a money based internet where they don’t have to show any competitors websites at all. This doesn't sound like a good thing for the internet we know and love. In order to protect the fundamental principle that the internet was based on, and small web-based companies, net neutrality Must be protected and preserved. To understand why Net Neutrality must be preserved first you have to understand it, the economics of it, the arguments against the system, and the effect its change would have on small web-based companies. Net Neutrality can be defined very simply, that all websites are treated equally and distributed to the consumer or business equally. According to Tim wu, a professor at Columbia law School, he says on his personal website article Network Neutrality FAQ “The idea is that a maximally useful public information network aspires to treat all content, sites, and platforms equally.” What he is saying here is that basic concept of Net Neutrality is that no matter what provider, or platform (computer, tablet, or phone e.t.c) all content must be treated with equal delivery privileges. In other words, large companies...
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...Running Head: BLACK AND WHITE PRIVILEGE IN AMERICA 1 Black and White Privilege in America Jacki Barnes Davenport University Diversity in Society – SOSC201 Professor Narketta Sparkman October 21, 2012 Black and White Privilege in America There are many definitions of “white Privilege” in text books, media, and on the internet, but all of those definitions include one common thread: It allows white persons advantages over non-whites and it is a form of social privilege. According to Akbar (Koppelman, 2011, p. 44), white privilege originated with the arrival of the white man in America. He states that, “They began to effectively eliminate any contradiction to the imposed redefinition of reality that they dictated.” White privilege has been referred to as rightness of white, meaning that white is normal and any deviation from that is abnormal (Koppelman & Goodhart, 2011, p. 189). It offers economic benefits as well as cultural benefits. Being white means you will most likely be paid a higher salary, receive promotions, and have loans approved. In classrooms, anything that happened prior to white people arriving in America is referred to as prehistory (2011, p. 191). Because of white privilege, there are many things that white people take for granted that people of color have no access to. For example, whites can choose to purchase a home in an area they can afford and want to live in. Researchers at Dartmouth, the University of Georgia...
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...kids in high school. We thought we were high society, progressive “color-blind” people, though I can’t remember ever going to their houses, or seeing them outside of school, or even hanging out with them in school. My parents were not always the first to step up and claim “ain’t racist” but they would when pressed. They enjoyed a good joke or two or twenty and stereotypes a-plenty. It was when I went to college straight out of high school, and let a racist slang term slip amongst a group of my multicultural friends that I realized how much my parents tainted my worldview. That was my first realization and my first step towards being anti-racist. The purpose of this reflective paper is to examine what confrontations are experienced in recognizing institutionalized racism and white privilege. In order to understand today’s institutional racism, we must define. That is a difficult task and we were unable to fully define it amongst a group of my peers and that I turn to an authority such as Enid Lee. According to Enid Lee in the article titled Anti-Racist Education: Pulling Together to Close the Gaps, racism is defined as “the use of institutional power to deny or grant people and groups of people rights, respect, representation, and resources based on their skin color” (Enid, Deborah, and Margo, p27). Let’s take a moment to dissect this powerful definition. “The use...
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...Candler v. Persaud Case Study In order for physicians to get clinical surgery privileges to perform certain procedures in the realm of their practices, they have to obtain adequate abilities and experiences. There must be a combination of knowledge in theory and experience earned during practical situations. Without a clear confirmation of such combination of theory and practical knowledge, physicians are not in a safe position to perform any procedures. In the hospital setting, physicians must receive the clinical surgery privileges from hospital to perform any procedure there. It is incumbent to hospital to make sure all due diligence is followed by the physician. The hospital must check and cross check the qualifications of the physician. The hospital must take this responsibility seriously to ensure once physicians granted the privileges to perform their duty on the premises of the facility. Having all that taking care of, then the hospital will trust the qualifications of the physician and issued the clinical privileges to perform procedures. Granting these privileges can cause the hospital to later deal with competency challenges. Credentialing Issues in the Case All surgeons are licensed professionals in the medical field who have accomplished their educational requirements, practical trainings, and have successfully met all the criteria of a governing body before granting the privileges and the right to practice medicine in their field of expertise. Surgeons must...
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...attempt to force the definition of individual character and purpose. Whiteness has been taught to be the norm, a standard of American lifestyle, while being invisible to those who possess the privileges and benefits of meeting its requirements. Communication must be done with a level sense of purpose and reason; conversely, the mindset of Blacks and Whites is not necessarily “Black and White”. a) In Peggy McIntosh’s work “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack”, she emphasizes the effort Whites must take to simply comprehend and acknowledge that their lives, in general, are not the same as those of color. (McIntosh, YEAR???) The article continues to express White privilege as a force of supremacy and dominance that is underlined by a large array of benefits and favors packaged together in an “invisible knapsack”. Much like male privilege, rather than release some of the power of being White, the actions taken are often to raise the glass ceiling of non-Whites to a higher level. What this does, consequently, is maintain the White superiority and...
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...MGMT6012 Management Perspectives Sydney Week 5 3/21/2016 Organisational Diversity 3/21/2016 Diversity What does “diversity” mean to you? How does it apply in the workplace? 3/21/2016 Introduction • Diversity is always a sensitive issue. • People who belong to a “minority” group often feel labelled, stereotyped, and marginalised in the workplace; • People who belong to the “majority” group are often unaware of the consequences of the collective action of the majority. 3/21/2016 Introduction • We all hold bias and prejudices simply because we notice difference and it is important not to try to obliterate difference and diversity in an attempt to redress prejudice. • Ignoring difference, for example, can be as damaging as highlighting it in a negative manner. 3/21/2016 Introduction • The literature around inclusiveness is the direction in which this field of study and practice is going. • The idea that we work towards an inclusive workplace for everyone, recognising everyone as a diverse member of the organisation is important, and leverages the strengths that differences bring in to the workplace rather than squashes them. 3/21/2016 What We Cover • The concepts of diversity, exclusion and inclusion • Different roots of diversity in the workplace • The experience of prejudice in the workplace and the limitations it places on organisational performance 3/21/2016 Objectives By the end of this module...
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...Male privilege…In black and white Dorrell Anthony Alexander Western Washington University What is “Privilege”? When we speak of privilege, what exactly are we speaking of? Many find it easy to get the basic fundamentals of a “right” and a “privilege” confused, so for foundational purposes, I would like to lay out how they differ. First, let’s talk about two of the different kinds of rights; “natural” and “legal”. According to Merriam-Webster (2013) Natural rights are “rights which are "natural" in the sense of "not artificial, not man-made”; “as in rights deriving from logic, from human nature, or from the edicts of a god”. They are ”universal”, (they apply to all people, and do not derive from the laws of any specific society),”They exist necessarily, inhere in every individual, and can't be taken away” ( Merriam-Webster, 2013). For example, it has been argued that humans have a natural right to life. They're sometimes called inalienable rights. Legal rights, in contrast, are “rights based on a society's customs, laws, statutes or actions by legislatures” (Merriam-Webster, 2013). An example of a legal right is the right to vote of citizens. “Citizenship, itself, is often considered as the basis for having legal rights, and has been defined as the "right to have rights"(Broidy and Agnew, 1997), Legal rights are sometimes called civil rights or statutory rights which Broidy and Agnew (1997) believe are “culturally and politically relative”, since they depend on a specific...
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...“Statutes affording a privilege to journalists not to disclose in legal proceedings confidential information or sources of information obtained in their professional capacities.” While there is no federal shield law, 49 states and the District of Columbia have some form of protection for journalists. In all, 12 states have a shield law that gives absolute privilege to journalists, 25 states give journalists limited quantified privileges, and most of the remaining states have a court-recognized precedent that shields journalists. The purpose of this paper is to examine how states define exactly what a journalist is, and what definition would work best for a federal law. Rem Rieder, a media columnist at USA Today explains why shield laws are important, writing: “This is hardly an issue that matters only to journalists. Many watchdog stories important to the American people depend on confidential sources, people who would put themselves or their jobs in danger if they were identified.” When a source has a journalist’s promise their name will not be public, some groundbreaking stories can be written. With additional backing of a federal shield law, more people might be willing to come forward and be part of watchdog stories. However journalists historically do not have an...
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