...Change Over Time Essay Changes and Continuities of Women’s and Industrial Workers’ Roles during the Industrial Revolution With time, changes are made. With the changes that are made, society makes the attempt to build upon them so that the continuity of that society will flourish. There were many changes that were results from the Industrial Revolution. Some of these effects were very substantial, such as the change if women’s roles, and the change of industrial workers’ roles. The amount of continuity does not compare to the amount of change in any shape, form, or fashion. The Industrial Revolution had remarkable effects on the people of society that were contemplated as a part of the “lower class”. Due to the occurrence of this event,...
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...evaluating whether the English working classes benefited from Industrial Revolution''. Introduction One of the most controversial issues of British Economic History is the living standards during the industrial revolution. ''Pessimists'' against ''optimists'' oppose their ideas about whether the standards of live during the industrial revolution improved,deteriorated or remained stable. On the one hand,optimists like Jeffrey G.Williamson, held the view that although some workers suffered from harsh working conditions and were working more days,the increase in real wages could offset these disamenities and as a whole,the majority of people lived from 1760 to 1850 benefited from the industrial revolution in terms of standards of life. On the other hand,pessimists like Charles H. Feinstein argued that the living standards of life deteriorated for the working class in early industrialisation. The main difference in the perception of judging the living standards between optimists and pessimists is the distinction between the importance of qualitative and quantitative factors that influenced the lives of workers during industrialisation. On the ''quantitative side'',optimists base the arguments on real wages,life expectancy and on the move to the cities away from the ''idiocy of rural life''.[1] On the ''qualitative side'' pessimists count on more intangible aspects, like political rights,work discipline,hours of work,fertility and infant mortality. To answer to this really controversial...
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...Industrial Revolution The Untied States and Great Britain were at the for front of the Industrial Revolution, this revolution was a period between 1780 and 1850 of rapid scientific and technological change in these countries. Soon after the rest of the world would follow. One of the big changes that happened during the Industrial Revolution was changes to manufacturing. New tools were able to transform the ways textiles, steel, food production, and chemicals were produced. This new innovation made it much faster for these products to be produced and in return led to greater productions. A single powered machine could produce more in one day that a single factory worker could in one week. This led to the ability to meet consumer demand on a much faster scale. These new machined also brought more uniformity to what was being produces, meaning the things such as screws, and fitting were able to be standardized and that led to a foundation if future technologies. These new machines were expensive investors had to pool their money together in order to buy them which contributed to the spread of corporation, and factory model of production (Soomo, The Industrial Revolution and Social Consequences). Because of this new large scale manufacturing, occupations that people once relied on for work and income were now taken over forcing people to work in factories. Factory workers even included women and young children. This led to the breakdown of the family unit. Before factories...
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...Women’s Roles During the Industrial Revolution During the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Industrial revolution transformed Western Europe and the United States introducing origins of machinery in the cotton textile industries. However during this time, non-industrial wage labor increased, more children were being forced to work, urban cities grew, and the commercial agriculture from farms transformed into a labor market. Although, it was not only these economic developments being impacted that made the time of the Industrial Revolution significant; changes in family life also occurred, particularly speaking the decline of family size and increase of life expectancy. Therefore, there was a greater role for women in the labor force, allowing them to compete in contemporary politics and reform activities. Dependent on beginning of the transatlantic movement of British immigrants and their technology, the Industrial Revolution in the United States moved forward allowing the textile industry to expand. Long after the American Revolution showed signs of advantage in the marketplace, a flood of British exports took over, replicating inventions from English manufacturers. One of the first inventions reconstructed would be the first permanent cotton spinning mill and an Arkwright water frame restored by Samuel Slater under sponsorship of former merchants William Almy and Moses Brown. With the leadership of Slater, Almy and Brown they expanded a firm in machine...
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...The industrial revolution was crucial to creating a growing world and economy. Great Britain ignited the fire and was the first among all nations to take part in the industrial revolution. A mix of different factors made the industrial revolution possible; available wealth, increasing population, more available labor, and availability of cheap materials (Duiker, 2009). The steam engine was a popular invention during the eighteenth century and was easy to utilize since society wasn’t worried about a depleting non-renewable energy supply. This only continued to create more jobs for individuals and contribute to a growing economy. The use of the steam engine and consumption of coal paved a path to the production of the railroad, which was also...
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...Introduction Industrialization increased tremendously during the 18th and 19th century leading to the success growth of United States as far as overall wealth during the rise to power on its wake. This paper focuses on the different aspects of industrialization that occurred and the various groups that were affected during this period of time, and overall what the effect of industrialization did for America. Three Aspects of the Industrial Revolution Referred to commonly as the second Industrial Revolution, three major aspects during this time immensely played apart towards the shaping of our country as we know it and they were our society, the economy and our politics. Society was largely a big part of the industrialization period and underwent the most significant changes. Large amounts of rural to urban migration occurred due employment because of the creation of organizations and companies. The infrastructure and building of railway lines for transportation of raw materials to distinctive states was happening as well during this time. Significant use of iron and steel created several opportunities for industrialization versus agricultural hence making the United States more of an industrialized nation and less agricultural. Our economy at the time played a major role at this time, and was the second aspect of industrialization. During this time rapid growth in society was experienced with the expansion of companies and the improvement of their internal progression....
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...aspects of industrialization during 1865 and 1920 that influenced U.S. society, economy, and politics One key to the rite of the industrial economy was the expansion of railroads. The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was built in the 1860’s. Linking the well-developed railway network of the eastern coast with rapidly growing California. Construction on the first transcontinental railroad began after President Abraham Lincoln approved the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, a landmark that authorized the federal government to financially back the construction of a transcontinental railroad. Lincoln felt the transcontinental railroad was a necessity, an idea whose time had come (HUL 2014). With the development of the transcontinental railroad spurred a major economic growth. The true economic impact of the railroad may never be known, but one thing is for certain: It was dramatic. The flow of goods over the line after the first full year of operation was around $50 million in 1869 dollars (Friedman 2010). Individuals felt the joining of America, economically, geographically and totally was complete. But with the development of the railroads came a rise in big businesses, it opened up the whole country for the development of new products, growing population and distribution and communication. Between 1865 and 1920, the nation’s population increased by nearly 200 percent, from 36 million to 100 million (Revolution by Railroad...
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...always worked together on contractual jobs. The artisans worked with journeymen and apprentice to ensure that they served the masters well. However, the nineteenth century led to increased industrial revolution that tended to bring an end to traditional forms of production to the modern factories. The artisanal work was hard work, but a lot was lost through the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to decrease in labor costs significantly causing the decline in the artisanal system. It was seen and thought to be a framework to embrace innovation and to leave the traditional methods. The workers were adversely affected by the revolutionized industry as the male-dominated trades were streamed down to the children and women. Labor movements were experienced in most parts of the cities leading to leaps of population and wealth. It is during this period that the artisans, as well as other skilled laborers, were paid higher than all the unskilled workers. The artisans owned modest homes with servant quarters. The proficiency of the artisans led to them being considered marketable assets especially due to their tools. The older regimes offered a platform for the artisans to become eventually masters in their field of expertise and this was considered a threat to the revolution. As such, the American system decided to maintain the artisan system although certain restrictions were put to hinder their advancements. The merchant capitalists, who were masters to the artisans...
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...always worked together on contractual jobs. The artisans worked with journeymen and apprentice to ensure that they served the masters well. However, the nineteenth century led to increased industrial revolution that tended to bring an end to traditional forms of production to the modern factories. The artisanal work was hard work, but a lot was lost through the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to decrease in labor costs significantly causing the decline in the artisanal system. It was seen and thought to be a framework to embrace innovation and to leave the traditional methods. The workers were adversely affected by the revolutionized industry as the male-dominated trades were streamed down to the children and women. Labor movements were experienced in most parts of the cities leading to leaps of population and wealth. It is during this period that the artisans, as well as other skilled laborers, were paid higher than all the unskilled workers. The artisans owned modest homes with servant quarters. The proficiency of the artisans led to them being considered marketable assets especially due to their tools. The older regimes offered a platform for the artisans to become eventually masters in their field of expertise and this was considered a threat to the revolution. As such, the American system decided to maintain the artisan system although certain restrictions were put to hinder their advancements. The merchant capitalists, who were masters to the artisans...
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...Two Significant social consequences of the First Industrial Revolution Urbanization was a social consequence that was brought about during the first industrial revolution. Urbanization is where urban areas gain a large population in a very short amount of time. "It is characterized by the large-scale migration of people from the rural areas to the urban areas, thus leading to a sudden and often unexpected increase in the population. There is also growth in agriculture, thus making more options of income accessible to the people. (Buzzle 2013) During the Industrial revolution factories started to grow which in turn created more jobs in manufacturing. Lower class individuals and most of the working classes found it easier and more promising to find employment in up and coming factories. This led to the factories making enormous amounts of money with loads of new opportunities for the people seeking them. People began to re-locate for work bringing more and more people into the urban areas at an alarming rate. "This collectively resulted in the creation of a wave of large-scale migration from the rural areas to be the newly established commercial settlements which, in just a few years, went on to become fully urbanized, with all the necessary amenities and facilities." (Buzzle 2013) Urbanization affected the jobs, the money, and the living situations of many individuals. It also had some negative effects at the time. "There was in increase in crime rates, poverty, deforestation...
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...Why Did The Industrial Revolution Happen First in Britain? The industrial Revolution began in Great Britain almost 250 years ago, in the 1760s. Within a half century it started to spread, first to northwestern Europe and the newly formed United States. The Industrial Revolution consisted of the application of new sources of power to the production process, achieved with transmission equipment necessary to apply this power to manufacturing which involved an increased scale of human organization that facilitated specialization and coordination at pre-industrial levels groupings rarely contemplated. The key invention in Europe’s industrial revolution was the steam engine, which harnessed the energy potential of coal. Later, the industrial revolution also used electric and internal combustion motors and petroleum as well as coal. This revolution, progressively introduced steam or other power to the production process and steadily increased the proportion of the process accomplished by equipment without direct human guidance. The organizational facet of the industrial revolution was initially symbolized by the factory, but the organizational principles spread beyond the factory itself. The two central features of industrialization were the revolution in technology and organization of production, which yielded one clear result of a great increase in the total of goods and individual worker’s output. The revolutionary quality of industrialization is particularly obvious in the world...
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...around, American was experiencing what is known as the First Industrial Revolution (circa 1780-1850). It is hard now to fathom the idea of having to function economically without the use of factories, factory machines, and factory workers. By history shifting from the cottage industry, traditional agriculture, and manual labor into a factory-based manufacturing type systems made of complex machinery, constant technological expansion, and new energy sources and advanced in transportation, we evolved. The entire world evolved, soon to rely on industries to survive. For hundreds of years, life was focused on agriculture. Most people lived in countries because city development was minimal. Most families farmed their own land and hand-made all necessities they needed, including farm tools, clothing, furniture and traded for things they could not develop on their own. Some trade items became more demanding such as thread developed on a spinning wheel or textiles being developed by hand on a weaving loom. This demand is what began the need for more products for more profit. (Riane Eisler (2007)). A chain of inventions in Great Britain was created to develop an increase in the production of manufactured goods. People all over the country began to develop the need for more complex machinery that could complete the task quicker and more efficiently that human manual labor could provide by itself. Two significant rises of the Industrial Revolution are the textile industry and...
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... The Industrial Revolution in England from the 18th to the 19th century was a benefit to the English working class. By: 1. Dhakshani Dharmadeva (2614) 2. Dinu Siriwardana (2971) 3. Melani Mallawarachchi (2950) The Industrial Revolution in England from the 18th to the 19th century was NOT a benefit to the English working class. Industrial revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in Great Britain, quickly spread throughout the world. This time period saw the mechanization of agriculture, textile manufacturing, a revolution in power such as steam ships and railroads, and had a massive effect on social, cultural and economic conditions. We learned that industrial production increased tremendously, bringing wealth and power to Great Britain throughout the 19th century. But it’s time to consider its effects on people, we have yet to explore the effects of industrialization on society, on the daily living and the working conditions of common people. What was life like for the average industrial worker? Was living in a new industrial city and working in a factory an improvement over life in the countryside? Did the new factory life change for the better the roles of family members, including women and children? Were people healthier? In general, did the Industrial Revolution...
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...The Industrial Revolution was a time of prosperity and improvements. During this time, which was the 19th century in England and 20th century in the U.S, many factories sprung up and many people moved to the cities in search of jobs. Almost everyone was working in factories during this time because that’s the jobs that were needed. Working conditions were horrible, as many workers were crammed into a small workspace where many accidents occurred. This led to lots of injuries and deaths. The Industrial Revolution started because most countries were advancing in technology and were in need of lots of goods. During the Industrial Revolution, working conditions were terrible for workers because owners only wanted money. Industrialization caused...
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...Development During the British Industrial Revolution | | | | 11/2/2015 | Industrial Revolution: The Transition The Industrial Revolution was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban (History, 2015). It took place from the 18th to 19th century. The first industrial revolution began in Britain, and the innovations in this region spread to other nations who also began transitioning from agricultural to industrial. The industrial revolution led to expansion on trade, increased standard of living, and the growth of cities and many of these improvements were the result of technological improvements. Economic Development The Industrial Revolution was a time for tremendous economic development. The western economy was transformed by the Industrial Revolution. New iron, steam-powered ships, along with other technological advances, made international trade cheaper, safer, and more efficient. The Factory System was perfected with the assembly line. Products moved along a conveyor belt, with each worker contributing labor along the way to create a finished product. The work came to the workers, saving time. Industrialization destroyed workers’ independence. Workers relied entirely upon their employers for wages with which they bought everything they needed. Technological Advances Technological advances played a large role in the expansion of the western economy during the Industrial Revolution. The transition...
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