...Prostitution is often commonly referred to as the oldest profession in the world. While it is often said jokingly with a wink and a smile, the phrase is rooted in some truth. It is not clear whether it actually is the oldest profession, especially when compared to careers like farming, military, and teaching. Regardless, prostitution has been happening since the days of early civilizations. “It [prostitution] stains the earliest mythological records. It is constantly assumed as an existing fact in Biblical history. We can trace it from the earliest twilight in which history dawns to the clear daylight of to-day” (Sanger, 1897, p. 35). For most of history, the act of prostitution was legal. Today sex work is generally treated by society...
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...2012 Decriminalization of Prostitution The question that I am exploring is should society allow individuals sell sex for money? This question is important because taxpayer money is being spent on Vice Police Units who patrol known prostitution locations and go under cover. It’s also important because through out history social policy and public law has changed back and forth on the issue of prostitution. I am interested on this issue because recently my hometown of Ottawa, Ohio, has had a scandal involving our town mayor being arrested for solicitation of prostitution, causing the loss of his job and embarrassment for our town. My first source was a documentary series on the History channel called “Sex in the Ancient World” specifically the episode I watched was “Pompeii”. “Sex in the Ancient World” is written and directed by Kurt Sayenga. Kurt Sayenga got his start with his magazine “Greed” which covered punk rock culture and quickly rose to stardom trough his multiple documentaries and his feature films like “The Day the Earth Stood Still”. His experience shows he is a very creditable source because he has blockbuster movies and is a respected by all of the film community. In this documentary the core issue was sex in Pompeii in ancient times. Pompeii was small Roman city of 6,000 when Mount Vesuvius erupted in the year 76 AD and sealed the city in volcanic ash like a time capsule. Pompeii is the first definite proof of the occupation of prostitution. According to “Sex in the...
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...Prostitution. An age-old profession or an age-old problem begetting more problems? The United Kingdom is in the process of determining if and how to update or change its current laws regarding prostitution. In the midst of this determination, questions abound. Prostitution is no easy matter. In the age of women’s rights and the women’s movement, prostitution is a dividing factor. On the one end, it is the epitome of patriarchal abuse throughout centuries and perfected in our culture today. On the other end, it is a form of empowerment. And in between is the common person with his or her own take on prostitution as either abuse, a profession, or something a little of both. Alongside this culture of moral, cultural and legal uncertainty and to confound the problem is prostitution’s purported connection to international human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Therefore, on the one hand, prostitution’s reason for being illegal due to immorality may be obsolete, but should it remain somewhat illegal or banned altogether because it is linked to another crime that transcends borders and cultures? The following is a discussion on the same, and in the end, it is hoped that some clarity may be revealed from a puddle of obscurity. First, a brief introduction will be given about prostitution and human trafficking. Second, the laws of the United Kingdom and international law will be reviewed and analyzed. Third, a comparative review of current legal systems and...
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...The prostitution model and social integration of prostitutes in Latvia and Germany 1.Introduction Prostitution is the long known act of providing services that are typically sexual in nature to other persons in return for payment and is the oldest branch of the sex industry. The liabilities and legal status of prostitution varies from country to country and not only in Europe, being a punishable crime in one to a regulated activity in the other. Choosing to compare Latvia and Germany in their policies towards prostitution was not an unintentional occurrence. Today combating consequences affiliated with prostitution such as human trafficking is a means of protecting human rights and tackling the issues of working conditions that are harmful to health, unacceptable or dangerous. At stake there are the rights of those women and men who earn their living through prostitution based on an autonomous, rational decision and to some extent conditioned by serious personal difficulties such as violent backgrounds, predicaments such as debt, or very limited options caused by social exclusion, unemployment or social cleavages resulting from the EU enlargement. They are confronted with widespread discrimination and have no lobby unless they come into the “victim of trafficking” category Since 1 January 2002, Germany has adopted the Act Regulating the Legal Situation of Prostitutes in an effort to improve the legal situation of sex workers by permitting self-employment and the...
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...A Deeper Look into Ethics and Laws Regarding Surrogacy HCA 322: Health Care Ethics and Medical Law A Deeper Look into Ethics and Laws Regarding Surrogacy When one or more persons contract with a woman to gestate a child than relinquish that child after birth to the person or couple is known as surrogacy. It is a course of action that goes outside of natural reproduction. For some, it is the only method of having children, extending family. Surrogacy has been stirring up many controversies over the years. Ethics, morals, laws, religious views, etc. have played a major role in the issues that follow the topic of surrogacy. Laws and regulations pertaining to surrogacy vary from state to state. Some states have no enforceable laws towards surrogacy, while others only permit surrogacy contracts that are uncompensated arrangements and gestational agreements (Trimarchi, 2011). Some states prohibit same sex couples from entering into any form of surrogacy contracts. In this paper, I will be address the legal and ethical issues involved and other aspects of surrogacy. History of Surrogacy and Case Study Surrogacy was assumed to have been around since the Babylonian times. Alternatively, the most credible records to date allocate managing legal passivity and the public responses during the middle of the 20th century. Surrogacy did not become public in 1976, when Attorney Noel Keane negotiated the first ever surrogacy agreement ("History of surrogacy," 2011). Attorney Noel Keane...
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...A Deeper Look into Ethics and Laws Regarding Surrogacy HCA 322: Health Care Ethics and Medical Law A Deeper Look into Ethics and Laws Regarding Surrogacy When one or more persons contract with a woman to gestate a child than relinquish that child after birth to the person or couple is known as surrogacy. It is a course of action that goes outside of natural reproduction. For some, it is the only method of having children, extending family. Surrogacy has been stirring up many controversies over the years. Ethics, morals, laws, religious views, etc. have played a major role in the issues that follow the topic of surrogacy. Laws and regulations pertaining to surrogacy vary from state to state. Some states have no enforceable laws towards surrogacy, while others only permit surrogacy contracts that are uncompensated arrangements and gestational agreements (Trimarchi, 2011). Some states prohibit same sex couples from entering into any form of surrogacy contracts. In this paper, I will be address the legal and ethical issues involved and other aspects of surrogacy. History of Surrogacy and Case Study Surrogacy was assumed to have been around since the Babylonian times. Alternatively, the most credible records to date allocate managing legal passivity and the public responses during the middle of the 20th century. Surrogacy did not become public in 1976, when Attorney Noel Keane negotiated the first ever surrogacy agreement ("History of surrogacy," 2011). Attorney Noel Keane...
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...Term paper On Human trafficking Course: Composition & Communication English (102) Submitted to: Muhammad zakaria Submitted by: # Kh.Hasan Al Mehedy Id: 2012-1-10-219 # Imtiaz Ahmed Id: 2012-1-10-201 # Syed Ahmed Sohom Id: 2012-1-10-193 Letter of Authorization Letter of Authorization 12 November 12 Student of Composition & Communication Skill Fall 2012 East West University Plot: A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar Dhaka-1212 Dear Student, As a part of your Composition & Communication Skill course, you are hereby assigned a group report based on human trafficking in your eng-102 course. Assigned report must follow the standard system and methodology and should contain accurate data. This is a group task. You should form a group consisting of at least 3 but no more than 5 people. The university will appreciate any additional benefit that can be obtained from your report. You are required to submit the report on or before December 18, 2012. I wish you best of luck. Sincerely ………………….. Muhammad Zakaria (Lecturer) Department of English East West University Letter of Transmittal 20 November 2012 Muhammad Zakaria Lecturer Department of English East West University Plot: A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar Dhaka-1212 Subject: Submission of term paper on Human Trafficking. Dear Sir, We are the students of ENG-102 of your section 16. You permitted us to conduct a group report based on Human Trafficking...
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...lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. Key word: Woman, Children, Trafficking. Chapter-1 Introduction In women and children trafficking is at present a big global issue. This trade results in unimaginable mental and physical abuse, loss of human dignity, violation of countless human rights. It is a modern form of slavery, violates national and international laws against rape, torture, abduction and murder. In recent years,...
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...PROSTITUTION IS NOT A CHOICE LEARN A BOUT TH E TRA FFI CKING OF WOMEN AND GIRLS WORLDWIDE, AND FIND OUT WHAT CAN BE DONE TO END THIS WID ESPR EAD PROBLEM … Soroptimist International of the Americas-1709 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 - 215 893 9000 - www.soroptimist.org SOROPTIMIST WHITE PAPER Prostitution is Not a Choice I think so much about what has happened to me. Why these men did what they did to me. Old, disgusting men. It was horrible. They knew I did not want to be there, but they paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today. 2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women, and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While society attempts to normalize prostitution on a variety of levels (discussed later in this paper), prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.” 3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage...
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...Directed Research Human Trafficking-The Sex Trade Research Paper Raquel Barbour Fall Semester 2012 Florida Gulf Coast University Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………...………...….……3 What is Human Trafficking? ……………………………………………………………..…...4 What is the Sex Trafficking? …………………………………………………..…………….5-6 The Case of Texas Sex Slaves.………….…………………………………………………....6-7 The Case of Houston Sex Slaves…………..…………………………………………………7-9 The Case of Cleveland Sex Slaves………..…………………………………………..…………9 The Case of the New Jersey Sex Slaves……….…………………………………………....10-11 All in the Family…………………………………………………………………………….12-13 The Polaris Project………………………………………………………………………….13-14 Conclusion…………………..…………………………………………………………………..14 References……………………………………………………………………..……………15-16 Introduction Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity. It involves an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them (Wylie, 2006). Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Every country in the world is affected by trafficking. The effect may be that the country is the country of origin for the victims. The country may be used as a transit underground tunnel for the traffickers. Finally the country that is affected by human trafficking may be the victims’ destination point and introduction to their hell on earth. Whichever...
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...course and defined the hardships Maria Campbell faced as a Half-breed women. Meritocracy can be seen as being a social system in which an individual's achievement is primarily rewarded to people with the most abilities. The Sociology textbook defines this term as a form of social stratification that relies on differences in effort and ability rather than ascribed statuses such as gender, age or race. (Tepperman, Albanese and Curtis 2008). In chapter two of Half-breed, meritocracy is present through Campbell’s words regarding the Métis people and the government system. Land act policies created by the government play a major role in Maria’s human rights and dignity, as corruption is a central theme throughout the novel. The Métis people who have been living on the land that they originally claimed were forced by new government regulations requiring them to work the land for three years before being able to claim it. The Half-breed people fought this legislation however, the government overpowered their thoughts and actions by stripping them of any rights of calling the land their own....
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...have had to evolve into larger and more complex organizations also. For instance, amongst myriad forms of organized crime that developed in the twentieth century, one pertinent recent example is the efflorescence of high-tech and internet crime, where professional and international gangs manipulate technology to extort or steal large sums of money from the public. High-tech crime is of course a recent phenomenon; it did not exist at the turn of the last century. Therefore analysis of such activities by law agencies has grown to respond to this new threat; moreover, the analysis and prevention of such crimes has had to grow in sophistication and size just as the crimes themselves have done. Organized crime - be it narcotic trafficking, prostitution rings, corporate crimes and so on - has become a massive international business, and it has required larger agencies equipped with better criminal theory and technology and international cooperation between agencies to deal with it. Moreover, the clear lapse between the professionalism and techniques of many criminal organizations and the law agencies that pursue them will require these agencies to catch-up to the advances of these criminals in the next decades. And, of course, this catch-up will depend heavily...
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...Wayland Baptist University Lubbock Campus Child Molestation: Does the punishment fit the crime? Justice Administration 3300 Criminal Law Professor Shupe By Lance Sumrall October 18, 2010 Imagine a child, a little girl about the age of 10; she has just walked in the door from a fun day at school. She is surprised to find that mom is not home, only her new step-father. She goes to her room to put away her book bag and take off her shoes. She turns around to see her new dad standing in the doorway with a strange look in his eye. In the moments to come, the innocence of a precious child will be destroyed forever. Studies show that two out of ten girls and one out of ten boys will be sexually abused before their fourteenth birthday, and children that are abused are much more likely to be abused by a family member or close friend not a stranger off the street. While child molestation is a common phrase used by the media and public when discussing sexual abuse of children, the actual crime is called child sexual assault. The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect defines child sexual assault as “contacts or interactions between a child and an adult when the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or another person when the perpetrator or another person is in a position of power or control over the victim.” These “contacts or interactions” include inappropriate physical contact, forcing a child to view pornography or people performing...
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...“I am one or two days away from death; they will shoot me dead, thus if you give birth to a son please name him after me.” ----An Eritrean victim of human trafficking from The Sinai Desert INTRODUCTION This paper examines the issue of human trafficking as it relates to human security in the Horn of Africa. Trafficking takes place by criminal means through the threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of positions of power or abuse of positions of vulnerability. Further, it relates to all stages of the trafficking process: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of person. An agreed definition of human trafficking exists under Article 3 of the “Palermo Protocol” on trafficking in persons which went into effect on 25 December 2003. This internationally agreed definition focuses on exploitation of human beings – be it for sexual exploitation, other forms of forced labor, slavery, servitude, or for the removal of human organs. Trafficking is not just a transnational crime across international borders; the definition applies to internal domestic trafficking of human beings. In the Horn of Africa (HOA), both cross border and internal trafficking of women and children is prevalent. For example, in Ethiopia, children are being trafficked into armed conflict where it is reported that over 20,000 of them have been victims. Almost all of the countries in the region have been identified as sources, transit points or destination...
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...women expresses and targets the aspirations and decisions regarding social organization and the life of women. The movement arose in the sixties of the twentieth century in similar way in different countries. On one hand, it connects with that first feminism that focused on the suffragists and the claim of political rights, whose momentum was partly buried as one of many consequences of the two world wars. On the other hand, it is part of a wider movement based on the protest of the young people, who raised the need for a better democracy, comprising and transforming the understanding of the political activities and the way decisions were made. However, in Spain the situation was different. Spain presented specific features because unlike France, Germany, Italy or the United States, which were already starting to evolve the fight for the equalization of women in society, Spain was living under a dictatorship that was established after a military coup and the civil war, which overthrew the form of government of the Republic. The dictatorship limited women from expressing themselves freely and living their desired life. It restricted them from showing society their importance in the world and letting men see how both are equal. The sixties in Spain was a time that excited many women writers to speak about their situations. At the same time, they were brave enough to show their works without being intimidated by what was going to happen to them. Among all the writers and all...
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