...Historical Studies 333 The Age of Totalitarianism Instructor: Mikkel Dack ASSIGNMENT #1: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS Joseph Stalin: Industrialization of the country, 1928 Prepared by: Yulia Kirillova ID: 10095380 The Soviet Union was founded in 1922, when the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia. After the death of its first leader, Vladimir Lenin, there was a power struggle from which Joseph Stalin emerged as winner for the control of the Communist party. By the day of Lenin’s death there were five candidates with the potential to emerge as the new leader of the U.S.S.R: Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev; Bukharin belonged to the “Rightists” and wished to continue Lenin’s economic policy, which gave more economic freedom for the peasants and promoted agriculture, Zinoviev and Kamenev wanted state control of economic life, Trotsky believed in the importance of a worldwide communist revolution, and Stalin filled the room for interpretation in Marxist though with the concept that he called “socialism in one country”. That was a significant shift from the previously held Marxist position that socialism must be established globally, and was in sharp opposition to Leon Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution. In contrast to what Trotsky thought and envisioned for Russia, Stalin believed that the success of Marxism in Russia was dependent on the construction of a successful soviet union, rather than a multitude of communist revolutions throughout the world. ...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Many nations of the world have striven to industrialize while others are pushing to get there because of the immense benefits accruable from industrialization. The process of industrialization in a nutshell describes a transition from an agrarian society to an industrial society; a shift from a consumer nation to a producer nation; and a movement from dependence on crude methods of manufacturing of cutting edge technology and jet-age ideas. There are certain prerequisites for any country to industrialize successfully. Economic theorists have listed these as a stable government, a very productive agricultural sector, functioning markets, and a large capable workforce. Sadly enough, these characteristics are largely lacking in Nigeria. Russian economist Gerschenkron (1962) in his theory stated that industrializing countries would have some qualities that set them apart from already industrialized countries. These qualities include: a rapid and intense growth of industrial output, an emphasis on producer goods as opposed to consumer goods, a stress on large scale plant and enterprise, a reliance on technological borrowing and possibly financial assistance from abroad; importance of the government as the promoter of industrial development, spread of ideologies supportive of industrialization, and a passive role of agriculture. Nigeria as a country is trying very hard to become industrialized but does not display most of the qualities of an industrializing...
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...and opposes lincoln’s plan; doesn’t think the oppressed have been helped enough through concrete measures. Big supporter of freedman’s. * Sumner was beaten by canes in the senate chamber – personal animosity toward slavery and democracy in the south * almost like restarting over; a do-over * idealism and political motive * wanted to create a republican party in the south * Wanted to * Punish southerners * Protect freedmen * Strengthen republican party * 14th amendment * granting citizenship to African americans; can vote and hold office * outlawed black codes * righting wrongs that had popped up * some African americans were actually elected to senate; although this doesn’t last * 15th amendment * can’t deny someone the right to vote based on race * designed to reinforce democratic party taking over the south; new political role in the south * “Redemption “ * Around 1870, things look like they’re making progress * Grant elected president in 68, steps out of the way and let’s congress do what it wants * General amnesty act (1872) * Granted...
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...India AHEAD Ten Things for India to Achieve its 2050 Potential (BRICS estimation) >India could be 40 times bigger by 2050. > India could be 40 times bigger by 2050 than its current capacity as estimated by brics. >To achieve this, India needs to implement many changes. India needs to improve its governance, control inflation, introduce Credible fiscal policy, liberalize financial markets and increase trade With its neighbors. >It also needs to significantly raise its basic educational standards, And increase the quality and quantity of its universities. >India needs to boost agricultural productivity, improve its infrastructure And environmental quality. >Delivery of all these would ensure strong, persistent, medium to long-term Growth, allowing India to reach its amazing potential. In this project, we outline ten crucial steps that we believe India must take in order to achieve its full potential. In our latest brics analysis, India scores below the Other three BRIC nations, and is currently ranked 110 out of a set of 181 Countries. If India were able to undertake the necessary reforms, it could raise its growth potential by as much as 2.8% per annum, placing it in a very strong position to deliver the impressive growth. We highlight the ten key areas where reform is needed. In a way these are the covered ones, we consider them to be the most crucial: 1. Improve governance. Without better governance, delivery systems and effective...
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...because Allende and his associates believed that his ideas of socialism could be built on the foundation of the democracy that was already in place. After his first year in office, unemployment fell to 4.8%. Allende also managed to industrialize copper and nationalize other foreign-owned and Chilean businesses. But his copper industry suffered the most, because of the fall in world copper prices. Copper was coincidentally Chile’s main export. But eventually, Allende inherited economic recession, inflation, and unemployment that was 8.4% percent of their working force. His attempt to stop inflation led for him to freeze the prices, was unsuccessful. The money supply eventually doubled as well. This created hostility for those who did not believe in the socialist revolution. People began rioting and marching in the streets until a threat to kill all communists was declared. Chile’s independent truckers were not intimidated by the threats the people were making. Congress eventually stepped in and told the military to step in and “put an end to infringements on the nation’s constitution and laws.” President Allende then knew that the people held the government but did not hold all the power. Before the military got to him, he knew what he had to do. It was the most dramatic and terrible moment in the modern history of Chile. At around two ‘o’clock that afternoon, Salvador Allende committed suicide by shooting himself through the head with a machine a gun. Creation of the Pinochet...
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...important for convincing prospective customers to buy. Sellers of services, however, face special problems in making customers aware of thi; benefits they are receiving. The author considers the intangible factors present in all products and also advises producers of services about how best to hold on to their customers. Mr. Levitt is the Edward W. Carter Professor of Business Administration and head of the marketing area at the Harvard Business School. He has written nearly two dozen articles for HBR, including the well-known "Marketing Myopia" {published in i960 and reprinted as an HBR Classic in September-October 1975) and "Marketing When Things Change" [November-December 1977). //lustration hy ]im Kingston. Distinguishing between companies according to whether they market services or goods has only limited utility. A more useful way to make the same distinction is to change the words we use. Instead of speaking of services and goods, we should speak of intangibles and umgibles. Everybody sells intangibles in tbe marketplace, no matter wbat is produced in tbe factory. Tbe usefulness of the distinction becomes apparent when we consider the question of how the marketing of intangibles diflers...
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...Karachi school for business and leadership | Financial Institutions (Banks) & Industrial Development in Germany, Russia & India | Global and South Asian Business Development | Dr. Imran Ali | | 3/24/2014 | Salik Chaturbhai M2130024 Taimour Abdullah M2130017 Zeeshan Jessani M2130034 Salik Chaturbhai M2130024 Taimour Abdullah M2130017 Zeeshan Jessani M2130034 Contents Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Looking at the Past: Industrialization and Financial Institutions 8 Germany 8 Deutsche Bank, Germany 10 Russia 13 Sberbank, Russia 16 India 17 The State Bank of India 18 Major Themes: Comparison & Contrast 24 The debate between Capitalist and Communist Industrialization 25 Fiscal and Industrialization policy 27 Mission Statement and goals 30 The Banking Sector 31 Target Markets 32 Colonized Industrialization or De-industrialization 34 Conclusion 37 Appendix 1 39 Appendix 2 40 Work Cited 42 Introduction Mankind as a whole and the world as has been observed in the past has undergone much change in all aspects of human life. The concept of economic development in light of increasing industrial growth, free labour, the growth of private property as an institution and the development of the international trade as a concept have changed the way humans and hence nations interact and intervene in the world economic system. These gradual yet drastic changes in the structure of human interactions led to a wave...
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...— Nick Hayek, CEO, Swatch Group On the afternoon of March 15, 2011, the only day closed for visitors during Baselworld, the major global watch and jewelry trade show held in Basel, Switzerland, Nick Hayek, the CEO of the leading Swiss watch manufacturer Swatch Group, completed a series of informal meetings with his watchmaking counterparts. After all that had been said behind the glamorously showcased watch collections, Hayek lit a cigar to reflect on the discussions’ impact on his watchmaking empire. The late Nicolas G. Hayek (hereafter Hayek Sr.), the charismatic founder of the Swatch Group (and Nick Hayek’s father) who passed away nine months ago, would have applauded the group’s exceptional 2010 results which encouraged the company to set a sales goal of 10 billion Swiss Francs (CHF) within the next four to five years (see Exhibit 1 for the group’s key financials).1 Given how well the Swatch Group had weathered the recent difficult years for the industry, Hayek was not surprised by the 2010 numbers. He attributed this success partly to the group’s vast range of 19 watch brands serving all consumer segments, and to its solid Swiss industrial base which allowed the group to feed the latest technology into its timepieces. The company’s results had...
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...the four main classes. Namely: The samurai (warriors) at the top, followed by farmers, artisans, and lastly peasants. The Shoguns were considered to be the bureaucrats of the country. In comparison the peasant class accounted for 80 % Japan’s population were restricted to engaging activities that were associated with agricultural and farming. The reason for this is that the Shogun wanted to ensure that those with authority and power were able to generate a stable source of income from their land, while leaving the peasants with little to survive on. The political stability of the Tokugawa period was under threat due to the colonial expansions of countries such as Portugal and Spain into Asia, via catholic missionaries (1). The reason why the Towkugwa Shogun`s feared catholic missionaries, was that they believe that their forging ideology and beliefs would conflict with their own, which could potentially lead to them being overruled by the peasant class. This is because man peasants were now converting to Christianity. In order to ensure this never occurred the Shogun enforced a decree, in which banned the practise and preaching of Christianity would be completely banned the practise and preaching of...
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...constitutes the economy. Therefore we studied microeconomics, the study in where every single person with the capacity to choose is screened closely. It answers the questions of why an individual chooses an option and what causes him to choose that way. Say for example, why a commercial bank manager decides to buy a new townhouse and loan a new car or why someone would decide to go to into business instead of getting employed. In this we cited the basic reasons such as the when to produce, what to produce and whom to produce; questions that is essential in putting up a business. The usual idea is to produce when there is a demand for a certain thing; to produce something that separates itself from the rest of the same product available in the market and is currently wanted by the consumers; and, to look for new ideas of products that might be useful for a specific group of people. Upon setting economics in a microscope, we would now appreciate the trends and tracks of the economy in a greater whole. The individuals will form a group and larger into a companies and corporations. These industries make up the economy of a country and will therefore participate in the foreign exchange and international trades. Again, microeconomics and macroeconomics are parallel lines wherein whatever individuals do will make an impact to the larger sector such as the country or business organization, thus making every person liable for...
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...chapter 1 Marketing’s Role in the Global Economy When You Finish This Chapter, You Should 1. Know what marketing is and why you should learn about it. 2. Understand the difference between micro-marketing and macro-marketing. 3. Know why and how macromarketing systems develop. 4. Understand why marketing is crucial to economic development and our global economy. 5. Know why marketing special— ists—including middlemen and — facilitators—develop. 6. Know the marketing functions and who performs them. 7. Understand the important new terms (shown in red). www.mhhe. When it’s time to roll out of bed in the morning, does your General Electric alarm wake you with a buzzer—or by playing your favorite radio station? Is the station playing rock, classical, or country music—or perhaps a Red Cross ad asking you to contribute blood? Will you slip into your Levi’s jeans, your shirt from L. L. Bean, and your Reeboks, or does the day call for your Brooks Brothers interviewing suit? Will breakfast be Lender’s Bagels with cream cheese or Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes—made with grain from America’s heartland—or some extra large eggs and Oscar Mayer bacon cooked in a Panasonic microwave oven imported from Japan? Will you drink decaffeinated Maxwell House coffee—grown in Colombia—or some Tang instant juice? Will you eat at home or is this a day to meet a friend at the Marriott-run cafeteria—where you’ll pay someone else to serve your breakfast? After breakfast, will you head off to school...
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...be from four very different people and of average quality for those admitted. In other words, these essays will show you exactly what you are competing against. They are of perfectly acceptable quality, but they should not discourage you. If you follow the lessons of this book you should be able to surpass each of these efforts. The second set of three applicants—Melissa, Doreen, and Carol—is taken from Columbia University’s files. Columbia’s admissions director, Linda Meehan, was asked to supply several applications, again from people of widely differing backgrounds, but this time of superior quality. I think that this group’s applications are of a somewhat higher average standard than the Chicago applications, true to my request, but I do not think that any of them should prove daunting to readers of this book. The remaining applicants feature a high proportion of candidates whom Education U.S.A. helped apply. This is not true for all of them, but what is true is that all of their applications are of a high standard....
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...and BRIAN X. CHEN December 23, 2013 Lee Kun-hee, the man who built the most successful, most admired and most feared business in Asia — a $288 billion behemoth that is among the most profitable in the world — had a message for his employees this year: You must do better. At other companies, congratulations might have been in order. His companies were headed to another extraordinary year. But this was Samsung, the South Korean industrial group that Mr. Lee, an elfin man with a stubborn will, transformed from a second-rate maker of household appliances into a conglomerate with a flagship electronics business that has left most rivals eating its silicon dust. There would be no pat on the back for Samsung’s 470,000 employees. Instead, in June, he sent a companywide email sternly urging them to raise their game. “As we move forward, we must resist complacency and thoughts of being good enough, as these will prevent us from becoming better,” Mr. Lee, who is 71, wrote. Samsung’s management, he said, “must start anew to reach loftier goals and ideals.” Two decades earlier, having taken over the company from his father, Mr. Lee met with dozens of his executives and gave them a similar order, one that remains embedded in company lore: “Change everything but your wife and children.” That message was effective. Samsung’s sales are equal to about one-quarter of South Korea’s economic output. Samsung Electronics, the flagship, posted $190 billion in sales last year — about the same sales...
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...the ―financialization‖ of the world (revealed by the American subprime crisis in 2007)—has polarized public opinion. The problems stemming from economic globalization dominate the news: the outsourcing production in search of cheaper labor costs; the decreasing efficiency of national juridical and fiscal regulation; the waning of the very idea of sovereignty; the growing constraints within which politicians can act; the emergence of a small class of the immensely rich alongside the billions of poor; the rise of new financial actors—pension funds, hedge funds, and sovereign wealth funds—capable of destabilizing or seizing control of entire realms of the economy; and the emergence of China and India as new global economic actors, as their companies storm the industrial bastions of the United States and Europe. Should one be for or against globalization? Can we turn our backs on globalization, and return to national or regional systems of production and exchange that are autonomous, even autarkic? Is the large cosmopolitan corporation the new leviathan—a monster that must be slain—or a force for human progress? It is tempting to reduce the debate over the economy of the twenty-first century to a simple alternative: being for or against globalization. Yet in my view, this would be a mistake. The growing interdependence of human society and our planet is irreversible, as is the 1 interdependence between humanity and the biosphere. The question of how...
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...Part 1: Defining Marketing and the Marketing Process (Chapters 1–2) Part 2: Understanding the Marketplace and Consumers (Chapters 3–6) Part 3: Designing a Customer-Driven Strategy and Mix (Chapters 7–17) Part 4: Extending Marketing (Chapters 18–20) After examining customerdriven marketing strategy, we now take a deeper look at the marketing mix: the tactical tools that marketers use to implement their strategies and deliver superior customer value. In this and the next chapter, we’ll study how companies develop and manage products and brands. Then, in the chapters that follow, we’ll look at pricing, distribution, and marketing communication tools. The product is usually the first and most basic marketing consideration. We start with a seemingly simple question: What is a product? As it turns out, the answer is not so simple. Chapter Preview 8 Products, Services, Building and Brands Customer Value Before starting into the chapter, let’s look at an interesting brand story. Marketing is all about building brands that connect deeply with customers. So, when you think about top brands, which ones pop up first? Perhaps traditional megabrands such as Coca-Cola, Nike, or McDonald’s come to mind. Or maybe a trendy tech brand such as Google or Facebook. But if we asked you to focus on sports entertainment, you’d probably name ESPN. When it comes to your life and sports, ESPN probably has it covered. W The ESPN Brand: Every Sport Possible—Now Television: From its original...
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