...Renewable Energy Wave Technologies Table of Contents: 1.0) Introduction 2.0) Wave Technologies 3.0) Where can it be used? 4.0) Wave Technologies 4.1) For the Study only consider the following Technologies: 4.2) Current Issues with Wave Energy Generation 4.3) Oscillating Water Column (Scowcroft) 4.3)1. Construction of OWC at Isle of Islay, Scotland 4.3)2. Installed OWC Technology 4.3)3. OWC cost 4.3)4. Problems with OWC 4.4) Pelamis 4.4)1. Construction of Pelamis 4.4)2. Installed Pelamis Technology 4.4)3. Pelamis Costs 4.4)4. Problems with Pelmis 4.5) Wave Technology: CETO 4.5)1. Installed CETO Technology 4.5)2. Construction of the CETO Technology 4.5)3. CETO Costs 4.5)4. Problems with CETO 5.0) Application in Australia 5.1) Wave Technology feasibility in Australia 5.2) What is the plan for Western Australia? 5.2)1. Wave Technology selected for Western Australia is the CETO system by Carnegie Wave Energy Limited 5.2)2. Why is the CETO the right option for...
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...Introduction Australia has uncertain rainfall and most parts of it have droughts, and has increasing population in large cities in recent years (Legislative Council Secretariat 2015). These conditions pose a threat to water supply. In addition, it is more and more limited and improper to build water pipes to draw water from dams and reservoirs. Due to these facts, seawater desalination plants have been constructed to ensure the water supply in Australia’s large population urban centers. Seawater desalination mainly uses membrane process to desalinate seawater rather than thermal process, because reverse-osmosis (RO) in membrane process consumes less energy, and in the RO desalination, seawater is divided into two streams: one with very high dissolved salts and the other one with less salts (Gary Crisp, E.A. (Bob) Swinton and Neil Palmer* 2010). However, seawater desalination has its drawbacks: energy intensive, generation of greenhouse gases, impacts of desalination discharge on marine environment and its high operating costs. These issues are associated with Australia’s environment and economy (Reza Dashtpour and Sarim N. Al-Zubaidy 2012), therefore it is necessary to cope with these problems with the development and improvement of the membrane process technology. This essay will introduce RO seawater desalination, discuss both advantages and disadvantages, some environmental issues and give policies about how government should regulate seawater desalination plant in Australia. Seawater...
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...Introduction Wave energy is the transfer of energy by water waves which is then captured to perform useful work such as generation of electricity and water desalination. This energy is produced when electricity generators are kept at the surface of the ocean and then propelled by the ocean waves.The Wave Energy Converter (WEC) machine is used to exploit wave power into useful form of electric energy. The WEC’s are attached to special turbines, buoys and other machineries that capture the power of waves and tides and combine them into pollution-free electricity (Aux 2010). The energy produced usually depends on the height of the wave, the speed of the wave, the wavelength and the density of water. The use of wave energy varies considerable...
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...Environment Issues Week 11: Project Part 4 Tamara Taylor November 30, 2013 Energy: Renewable Energy In the Midwest the average annual temperatures increased over the past several decades. The Midwest includes around 66 million Americans in the following cities of Chicago, Indianapolis, Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas city (which is the area I live in), Cleveland, Minneapolis, and St. Paul to name a few. Snow and ice are arriving later in the fall and melting earlier in the spring. It is said that heavier downpours now occur twice as much as they did a century ago. While conducting my research for this paper I found an organization that was very interesting. The Asia-Pacific Partnership or know as APP, “is a non-treaty partnership established by Australia, India, Japan, China, South Korea and the United States in July 2005” (World Nuclear Association, 2011). By 2007, Canada joined the APP. The partnership objectives would include working together with the aid of other private companies to expand markets for the use of more cleaner efficient energy technologies. These technologies would include renewable energy and to provide a lower cost clean power to areas without access to modern energy services. The short term and long term focus of UNFCCC negotiations is the ultimate objective of the Framework Convention on Climate Change. It focuses on the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrated in the atmosphere that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferences with the...
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...executed over 36 major projects and currently working on the world’s first Short rotation woody crop (SRC) harvester. The Management Team members have strong backgrounds in project management, manufacturing, research, analysis, designs and software development. The Australian market continues to have an increasing number of eco-friendly firms looking to enter the market. It must be aware of competition on all levels and maintain its operational performance if it is to retain its status as the world’s first inventor of SRC and its specialty in providing its services and products. The company’s focus on agricultural, food, forestry, water and energy sectors is consistent with the market segment. The current product and service mix is in line with the industry and market forecast. Continual product review, particularly in renewable source...
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...model a prototype company for the 21st Century? If so why, if not why not? Prototype companies are vital so industry can move forward with world sustainability in the 21st Century. Interface is the role model of a prototypical company of the 21st Century as they promote and employ elements of Zero Discharge, reduced benign emissions, open communication, efficient transportation and logistics, and renewable energy concepts. Zero Discharge creates an environment in industry where waste and emissions are re-invented through systems of recovery and are reused by either the same plant or other manufactures as a raw material. Reduced benign emissions is process that benefits the community through reduced pollution and also increases profits for a company by waste reduction. Open communication shows a business’s transparency and investment in its stakeholders, by business being open to their operations the stakeholders feel a sense in confidence of a business’ operations. Resource efficient transportation and logistics which looks at aspects of improving air quality, using hybrid vehicles and the careful planning of positioning factories close to their customers, results in more sustainable logistical operations. Renewable Energy, with a strong prominence on photovoltaic cells, creates a long term solution to the rising costs of diminishing fossil fuels. Photovoltaic energy systems use no moving parts and convert solar energy directly into electricity, which is the most adaptable...
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...Members George Abraham, EB-013 Sunilkumar O Govindan, EB-030 Vimal K, EB-033 HOME- What would you prefer ? A concrete jungle OR A greener one…. ? Healthy Way…. • We have been aware of the need to live in places that promote a healthy way of life and therefore the well-being of people. • India’s antique heritage buildings have fully demonstrated how such buildings were regarded and made. • With the advent of Industrialization there was an increase in pollution and Global warming. • It lead to Environmental degradation on a large scale. Protection of our eco system became the need of the hour. This lead to the birth and need of Green Building concept! Key Questions 1. Why “Green” Building? 2. What is the difference between “Green Building” and “Conventional Building”? 3. What benefits do we get by going “Green”? Defining Green Buildings “Design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its occupants with regard to site planning; safeguarding water use and water use efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and promoting indoor environmental quality.” (US Green Building Council) What does Green Building Offer? • Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one of the top 5 factor which cause environmental risks to public health. People spend 90% of their time indoors. • Indoor contamination levels can...
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...Nuclear energy is energy that comes from uranium. One uranium fuel pellet the size of the tip of a pencil eraser - produces the same energy as 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas, 1,780 pounds of coal or 149 gallons of oil. The energy is released in two ways; nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion energy is released when atoms are joined together to make a larger atom and Nuclear fission is the opposite and is when atoms separate making smaller atoms. Nuclear plants use nuclear fission to create energy. When the energy is released the energy is used to make steam, steam is then used to power a turbine to generate electricity. What a great way to produce electricity. People debate on the positives and negatives of nuclear energy,...
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...A CONCEPTUAL VALUE CHAIN MODEL FOR ORIGIN ENERGY 13 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY _____________________________________________________________ c 1 Introduction __________________________________________________________________ 1 2 Background __________________________________________________________________ 2 2.1 Background of Origin Energy ___________________________________________________ 2 3 Literature Review________________________________________________________________ 3 3.1 Supply Chain Management _____________________________________________________ 3 3.2 Quality Improvement Models and Gap Analysis ____________________________________ 4 3.3 Lean and Six Sigma Technology ________________________________________________ 5 4 Discussion & Analysis ____________________________________________________________ 6 4.1 Supply Chain of Origin Energy _________________________________________________ 6 4.2 SWOT Analysis for Origin Energy _______________________________________________ 7 4.3 Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model _________________________________ 9 4.4 Conceptual Improvement Model for Supply Chain Management ______________________ 12 4.4.1 Introduction ____________________________________________________________ 12 4.2.2 Assumptions: ___________________________________________________________ 13 4.3.3 Supply Chain Conceptual Improvement Model (SCCIM) _________________________ 13 4.2.4 Key Benefits of the model _________________________________________________...
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...Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Selection for the Renewable Energy Vehicle Travis Hydzik School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia Associate Professor James Trevelyan School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the selection of a hydrogen concentration sensor for the use in the University of Western Australia’s Renewable Energy Vehicle (REV). Prior to selecting a sensor, it is important to consider the available sensing methods and the specific properties of the measurand, hydrogen. The selection process leading up to the purchase of two different hydrogen sensors from Neodym Technologies, is documented and finally the method of sensor calibration is outlined. 1 INTRODUCTION The University of Western Australia’s Renewable Energy Vehicle (REV) project aims to show the viability of using renewable energy as a means of transport. The vehicle will resemble the cars of today, but will be solely powered by a hybrid of hydrogen fuel and solar energy. The proposed car’s completion date is late 2005, allowing it to be driven around Australia in 2006. The REV requires numerous amounts of measured physical quantities for both data logging and controlling the car’s systems. For each measured physical quantity, a sensor is required to convert this quantity into an electrical signal. Safety is always first priority, and for this reason hydrogen leak safety sensors were given the highest priority on...
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...PEST Analysis The company we are focusing on is Canadian Solar. They are a multinational firm that operates in several countries such as “Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Spain, Australia and the United States”. (Canadian Solar) They are a leader in the solar energy industry. A detailed PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) analysis will be provided on how these elements affect the company. There are various political regulations and by-laws passed by the Canadian government to help regulate proper practices of using and installing solar energy. These regulations affect Canadian Solar and their practices. For instance, in the 1970s and 1980s there were a large number of solar panels installed that were not installed properly because they were added by unqualified people. (Pouyot, SOL Spring Issue, 2007) Today there are strict regulations on getting the permission to install solar energy panels which protect land owners from liabilities. Permits must be attained from the government. This regulation protects Canadian Solar from any lawsuits from poor quality installation of solar panels or any damage to their customers’ property. This also helps them meet a certain standard of excellence to help their image and their customers. (Pouyot, SOL Spring Issue, 2007) From 2007 to 2012 the world suffered a global recession. Canada was affected by it but not as severely as other countries worldwide. Economists say we are not in a recession but many Canadians believe...
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...Fam, S., Xiong, J., Xiong, G., Yong, D. and Ng, D. (2014) ‘Post-Fukushima Japan: The continuing nuclear controversy’, Energy Policy 68: 199-205. Fam et al. discuss the impacts of the 2011 Fukushima disaster and the opposing values and interests that are involved in the nuclear energy debate. The value disagreement exists between the economic benefit of nuclear power versus the nuclear risk as evidenced in the disaster and the interest disagreement occurs for economic security versus environmental and safety risks. Their analysis primarily focusses on the actors in the energy conflict, the role they play and the ingrained institutional barrier to reform in the Japanese nuclear energy sector (Fam et al.: 2014). Fam et al. concludes that the...
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...Vinegar Battery Overview A) Worldwide The World Energy Outlook 2012 and Electricity Information 2012 from the OECD's International Energy Agency (IEA) set out the present situation and also present current policies,* new policies, and carbon reduction (‘450’) scenarios. From 2000 to 2010 total world primary energy demand grew by 26%, and to 2020 it is projected to grow less (by 20% under current policies scenario, and less under other scenarios). Growth to 2035 is 47% under current policies. Electricity growth is almost double this. It grew at an average annual rate of 3.4% from 1973 to 2010, and is projected to grow 89% from 2010 to 2035 (from 18,443 TWh to 35,000 TWh) in the current policies scenario, and 73% (to 31,859 TWh) in the central New Policies scenario. Increased demand is most dramatic in Asia, projected to average 4.3% or 3.8% per year respectively to 2035. Currently some two billion people have no access to electricity, and it is a high priority to address this lack With the United Nations predicting world population growth from 6.6 billion in 2007 to 8.2 billion by 2030, demand for energy must increase substantially over that period. Both population growth and increasing standards of living for many people in developing countries will cause strong growth in energy demand, as outlined above. Over 70% of the increased energy demand is from developing countries, led by China and India - China overtook the USA as top CO2 emitter in 2007. Superimposed on this, the...
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...able to gather for energy purposes. Some are more eco-friendlier than others. Man has learned that its next major energy source needs to be safe for the environment causing minimal harm to the environment. Everyone is becoming environment-friendly and is looking for options that will help in the upkeep of the environment. Many are interested in the source of renewable energy so that natural resources are not diminished. There are many alternatives in the market to choose from. Wind turbines are one of alternatives (Linzmeier, 2009). Now the question that comes to mind is, is wind energy green? Wind turbines produce cleaner energy & bring no hazardous effects to the atmosphere by giving any pollutant emissions; however, it does come with casualties. As the U.S. energy industry inches away from dependence on fossil fuels, experts have announced various greener technologies, such as ethanol, solar and geothermal power, as choice alternatives. And while each of those options holds recognizable environmental gains over oil and coal, none compare to wind power’s squeaky clean performance (Conger, 2010). Mark Jacobson an engineer at Stanford University states that after compiling evidence of major energy technologies and environmental impact, wind comes out on top. Jacobson and associates from University of California drafted a blueprint for switching 100 percent of the world’s energy to renewable sources. Wind energy was in the forefront...
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...Technologies for Alternative Energy Climate Change Working Paper No. 7 Ainsley Jolley Climate Change Project Working Paper Series March 2006 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University PO Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 AUSTRALIA Telephone +613 9919 1340 Fax +613 9919 1350 Email: csesinfo@vu.edu.au Website: http://www.cfses.com Technologies for Alternative Energy 1. Introduction In Papers 5 and 6 technologies for the main sources of energy consumption were discussed. In Papers 7 and 8 the attention is focussed on technologies that impact on emissions from energy production. Table 1 provides data on the main sources of GHG emissions in the advanced economies for the year 2000. Table 1. Sources of GHG Emissions in the Advanced Economies, 2000 Source of emissions Electricity and heat production Petroleum refining Other energy production (coal and gas transformation) Fugitive emissions (coal, oil and gas) Total energy production All sources of emissions Note: (a) energy production as % of all sources of emissions. Source: CSES (2004). Tg CO2 -e 3831.2 420.7 324.6 441.5 5018.1 13175.3 % of total 76.3 8.4 6.5 8.8 38.1 (a) Papers 7 and 8 focus on emissions from the production of electricity and heat, which represent 76.3% of all emissions related to energy production. The other sources of emissions are not discussed in detail in this report. Coverage of the issues relating to these sources of emissions is given in CSES (2004). Incremental technological...
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