CHAPTER 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In current time, the number of student was increasing. It is a good sign of the gradual development of education here in the Philippines, this improvement was achieved with the help of different organizations (DepEd, CHED, TESDA and DOST) implemented and founded by the government.
The government pays attention and gives support in education matters for the reason that they believed it will help the country in the near future, to be more competitive and to level with other countries by producing and molding professionals.
But despite of the support given by the government, schools and parents it is still in the hand of the students if they will succeed on their chosen field. Many students failed to graduate because of many disturbances and afraid to ask questions during their class. Or simply they are not interested at all to study.
We are all aware that Hotel and Restaurant Management (HRM) course in the Philippines is very in demand right now, that’s why many Universities and Colleges offering this course and the Baliuag University is one of them. As years go by, the number of enrollees taking up Bachelor of Hospitality Management is continuously increasing. This shows that many students are giving interest in the course and because of that, the course is now being recognized as one of the top courses to be taken not only in Baliuag University but in the Philippines.
Many incoming students favor to choose Hotel and Restaurant Management course because many of them think that this course is easy and some are just go with the trend or latest course without thinking if this will really fits with their interest and in general, the whole course itself. Because of this, many hospitality management students find the course difficult to pass and cause a poor performance in their class and worse, failure in the course. That’s why the researchers had interest and come up with this study. To identify the reasons why students have poor performance during class in Hospitality Management subjectsofBaliuag University. And at the same time find ways that might help the students to make a progress in their study.
Statement of the Problem The study aimed to determine the students of Hospitality Management in Baliuag University who are not too much performing in the class. Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub questions:
Main Problem:
Why is that few students of Hospitality Management in Baliuag University perform during class nowadays?
Sub-Problems:
1. What are the reasons why HM students afraid to ask questions? 2. What are some ways to encourage the HM students who are asking too little in class? 3. Who is the reason/s that encourages HM students to study hard and participate in class?
Significance of the Study This research study helps the readers to broaden their knowledge about the reasons of the Hospitality Management students in Baliuag University who are not too much participating in class.
To the professors, for them to understand and help students to increase their motivation and develop and nurture the skills and knowledge of the students.
To the parents, to inform and guide the students in their study all throughout without failing.
To the fellow HM students, to encourage them to increase their motivation to study hard and perform in the class and school activities for them to achieve their goal and get their diploma at the end.

Scope and Delimitation This study focus on determining the Third Year Hospitality Management students of Baliuag University who aren’t participating in class. We will focus on the Class Participation including seat works, recitation, and assignments. Identifying what are the reasons why HM students afraid to ask questions. The study target to know possible ways to solve this problem and identify several solutions to increase their classroom participation and to motivate them to study hard and participate in the school activities. The research study did not seek information about Decorum, Exams, Quizzes and common problems encountered by the several courses in the Baliuag University.
Definition of terms
Gradual
* Advancingor progressing by regular or continuous degrees
Government
* Refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time
Professional
* Is a person who is paid to undertake a specialized set of tasks and to complete them for a fee? The traditional professions were doctors, lawyers, clergymen, and commissioned military officers
Disturbances
* Mental or emotional unbalance or disorder. Something that disturbs, as a commotion, scuffle, or public tumult.
Trend
* The general direction in which something tends to move. A general tendency or inclination.
Academic performance * Refers to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers.
Learning ability * Mental ability
Units
* A precisely specified quantity in terms of which the magnitudes of other quantities of the same kind can be stated.
Personal Problem * A state of difficulty or complications that needs to be resolve which experience an individual
Peer group * Is a social group consisting of humans. A peer group is a primary group of people, typically informal, who share a similar or equal status and who usually of roughly the same age, tended to travel around and interact within the social aggregate Members of a particular peer group often have similar interests and backgrounds, bonded by the premise of sameness.
Dep-Ed
* Department of Education is the department of the Philippine government responsible for the management and governing of the Philippine system of basic education.
CHED
* Commission on Higher Education is one of the three agencies of the Philippine governmentgoverning the education sector. It is primarily responsible for the oversight and supervision of both public and private educational institutions in the Philippines.
TESDA
* Technical Education and Skills Development Authority is to provide quality technical education through competency based training delivery system in partners with industries to enhance entreprenual competencies of the students for self-employment thru IGPs.
DOST
* Department of Science and Technology is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for the coordination of science and technology related projects in the Philippines and to formulate policies and project in the fields of science and technology in support of national development.

Review of Related Literature
Chronological

Gender Differences Gender affected student educational experiences. Males and females are not the same so there’s a problem when people ignore gender differences. Policies of sameness instead of making legitimate distinctions actually opportunities for students such as males regarded as trouble makers than girls. This literature is related to our main problem in a way that gender differences may be considered as one of the reasons that affect the performance or participation of students.

Influence of the School Facility on Student Achievement One of the most critical physical characteristics of the classroom is lightning (Phillips, 1992). The importance of an appropriate visual environment for learning tasks deserves careful consideration. The visual environment affects a learner’s ability to perceive visual stimuli and affects his/her mental attitude, and thus, performance. Dunn (1985) insisted that the lightning of a school should be considered an active element of the total educational environment.

Other Psychological Disorders Summer M. Berman and colleagues estimated in 2000 that 37 percent of Americans between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four, many of whom are college students, have a diagnosable illness. The fact that the age of onset for many major illnesses is the years for eighteen to twenty-four, the range in which most traditional age students fall, further complicates the matter. Higher education must realize that a large percentage of college students are, or will be, affected by mental illnesses as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, and appear at trying rates on campuses. The early-twenty-first-century student brings a set of experience and personal and psychological problems that may predispose them to mental illness. It is not unusual for a college counseling and mental health center to diagnose students with anxiety, mood, eating, impulse-control, personality, substance-related on other mental disorders. If detected, most mental illnesses are treatable or manageable, allowing the individual to proceed effectively through life’s daily routines. Unfortunately, many cases are not diagnosed or treated, and the consequences for the college student are life altering. Many students diagnosed with mental illness withdraw from college before earning a bachelor’s degree; however, with proper attention and support they may have been successful in the collegiate environment.

Campus Services The services that institutions provide to address student’s personal and psychological problems depend heavily on the school’s philosophy, available resources, and campus need. Colleges and universities of all types should develop and implement confidential services that span multiple policy arenas in order to sufficiently address these problems. Creating partnerships with various facets of the institution, such as the college counseling and mental health center, student health services, women’s center, learning center, spiritual and religious organizations, and other associations, expands the scope of programs offered and students affected. Comprehensive initiatives that incorporate the domains of psychotherapy, treatment, prevention, outreach, academics and learning, and career, enable institutions of higher education to sufficiently ensure that services are meeting the diverse personal and psychological needs of students. Individual, group, couples, and children and family counseling opportunities address issues related to family, relationship, and personal dynamics. Psychological, neuropsychological, alcohol and drug, and career assessments, provide information necessary to better serve the student. Colleges and universities also disperse self-help and educational materials as well as employ standardized programs and interactive computer systems. Schools may outsource counseling services or develop a referral system to direct students to services offered in the community. Connections with twelve step and support groups within the community further assist students. Outreach within and outside the campus enables schools to educate society about the issues surrounding personal and psychological problems and programs

The Concept of Poor Academic Performance Poor academic performance according to Aremu (2000) is a performance that is adjudged by the examinee/testee and some other significant as falling below an expected standard. The interpretation of this expected or desired standard is better appreciated from the perpetual cognitive ability of the evaluator of the performance. The evaluator or assessor can therefore give different interpretations depending on some factors. Bakare (1994) described poor academic performance. The criteria of excellence can be from 40 to 100 depending on the subjective yardstick of the evaluator or assessor. For example, a 70% performance of senior secondary 3; a students in junior secondary English language examination is by all standard a very good performance. However, a cursory look at the performance and the individual examined and the standard of the examination he or she took could reveal that the performance is a very poor one. On the other hand, a JSS2 student’s performance of 37% in SS3 mathematics can be said to be a poor performance when in actual fact the performance is by all standards a very good one. This shows that the concept of poor academic performance is very relative and this depends on so many intervening variables.

Causes of Poor Academic Performance among Secondary School Students Aremu and Sokan (2003) submit that the search for the causations of poor academic achievement is unending and some of the factors they put forward are: motivational orientation, self-esteem/self-efficacy, emotional problems, study habits, teacher consultation and poor interpersonal relationships. Bakare (1994) also made efforts to categorize factors militating against good academic performance into four principal areas which are: i. Causation resident in the child such as basic cognitive skills, physical and health factors, lack of interest in school program. Causations resident in the family such as: cognitive stimulation/basic nutrition during the first two years; type of disciple at home; lack of role model and Finance iii. Causation resident in the school such as school location and physical building; interpersonal relationship among the school personnel iv. Causation resident in the society such as instability of educational policy; under funding of educational sector, leadership; Job losses.

Family Background and Poor Academic Performance of the Child The family is the primary socializing agent of which a child is a member since it is in the family the child is born. One may rightly say that the family is the informal socializing agent since all its members are blood relations. At this junction, it must be clearly known that families differ vastly in European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 13, number 2(2010) 232 terms of their significance in social order as some have more prestige, dignity, money and power than others. However, despite these differences in families, a child in the family remains exactly alike for the following reasons: 1. The people surrounding the child here are generally adults full of experience 2. The child lives his early life in the family and equally develops his first language. 3. Since they are of the same blood, they all work together to could him in a way that he will perfectly fit into the society. 4. For the same reasons given above they will intentionally misdirect him. 5. There is free interaction among the family members which promote better understanding. 6. There is imposition of the social norm on the child through punishment and praises. 7. A child in the family is having his primary exposure to the world and hence he is totally guided by the adults in his family especially the parents.

Factors affecting the Child’s Academic Performance and Socialization Process in the Family The factors discussed below have found to influence learning at home and in the school.

* Types of family and Student’s Academic Performance
Essentially, different types of families have been discussed in the previous chapter. Three major types of family are nuclear or monogamous, compound or polygamous and traditional extended families. Studies performed by people proved that each type has its influence on the academic achievement of a child. Many research studies have indicated that children from nuclear families perform better in school than children from the compound or polygamous families. (Ajala&Iyiola, 1998). The following reasons are responsible for this:

1. The children have more time for their studies in most cases because there are less people to send them on errands. The reverse is the in a polygamous family. 2. Children from polygamous and broken homes have tendency to be social deviants due to lack of adequate supervision and care. 3. Since there are more people in a polygamous family, they exert a lot of pressure or influence on the child. If it happens that a lot of such influences are bad then this will adversely affect the child.

* Teacher’s Method of Teaching
The means or strategies employed by teachers in an attempt to impact knowledge to the learner is referred to as methodology. Osokoye (1996) sees teaching method as the strategy or plan that outlines the approach that teachers intend to take in order to achieve the desirable objectives. It involves the way teachers organize and use techniques of subject matter, teaching tools and teaching materials to meet teaching objectives.
Sometimes when a teacher teaches and at the end of the lesson, evaluation is carried out and it is discovered that students are unable to carry out the behavioural or instructional objectives what the teacher needs to do is to examine his teaching methods rather than looking at students as the causes. Most untrained teachers point accusing fingers on students rather than on themselves when the students are unable to carry out the expected behavior at the end of the lesson or in examinations. Therefore, teachers planning should include: i. Choice of appropriate teaching material ii. Choice of appropriate teaching method
European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 13, Number 2 (2010) 235 iii. Intensive research on the topic to be taught iv. Determination of the objectives for the lesson