...Examples of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos Aristotle’s "ingredients for persuasion" – otherwise known as "appeals" – are known by the names of ethos, pathos, and logos. They are all means of persuading others to take a particular point of view. Meanings of Ethos, Pathos and Logos Ethos, pathos and logos each have a different meaning: * Ethos is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. * Pathos is an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response. * Logos is an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason. Examples of Ethos, Pathos and Logos Here are some examples of ethos, pathos, and logos. Appeals to Ethos * "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results." * "My three decades of experience in public service, my tireless commitment to the people of this community, and my willingness to reach across the aisle and cooperate with the opposition, make me the ideal candidate for your mayor." * "The veterinarian says that an Australian shepherd will be the perfect match for our active lifestyle." * "If his years as a Marine taught him anything, it’s that caution is the best policy in this sort of situation." * "You know me – I’ve taught Sunday School at your church for years, babysat your children, and served as a playground director for many...
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...finalRhetorical Analysis Essay English 110-133 09/14/2015 A Critique of Alexis Sacarese's “Why the #$%! Do We Curse” In Alexis Sacareses's essay, “Why the #$%! Do We Curse” she explores the reasoning behind why we curse and argues the positive attributes cursing can play in our daily lives. By adding in facts and research done by professionals, she can argue her belief in a variety of different ways. Throughout this essay, Sacarese makes a strong essay by addressing despite the controversy, cursing can help us express our emotions, improve mental health, improve communication, and add creditably to our stories. Although, she makes a strong argument, and her paper is well written she fails to add statistics, lacks in pathos appeals, and uses a lot of redundancy throughout the essay. Alexis Sacarese is successful in getting her argument across in her essay because of the structure of her paper. Sacarese begins by grabbing in the reader with a hook in the introduction. She says, “Fucking Bastard!” My eyes grew wide and my muscles tightened as I heard my dad utter these words for the first time.” Immediately we are tied in and want to continue reading what she has to say. After getting the reader's attention she sets up her essay in a way that flows well. Sacarese first addresses where cursing came from and how it originated. Giving the reader background information about the topic helps us understand whether or not cursing really is a “bad” thing. Throughout the essay, Sacarese...
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...However, Blair’s tone was quite opposite to Bush’s in that his words represented a more solemn and melancholy atmosphere. Throughout his speech, Blair reflected and reminisced the dark times of the 9/11 tragedy, as an “act of evil”. He spoke of the loss of many innocent people whose death was not deserved and justified. As he recalled the memories of people going through pain and sadness in this dark time, he continued by stating that the memorial of all the tragic deaths should be greater than simply the punishment of the...
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...Ginger Lee Dingus Professor M. Lee October 21, 2015 English 101 Digital Sarcasm In the article “Google is making you more forgetful. Here’s why that’s a good thing” by Caitlin Dewey there are several different prominent discussions regarding the new ways that humans are recalling and seeking the data that they need. Dewey outlines the points that many authors have and she adds some humor and evidence (Dewey). She says that this is a modern way to manage this basic need and that, as a coping technique, the strategy presently used has been around since the beginning of time. The article was published online in The Washington Post on October 8, 2015. Dewey’s account provides awareness of the digitally inclined and how that is shaping the direction of memorizing and recollection. The author of this article attempts to do this with humor, sarcasm and evidence. Here she is successful, and it falls near the mark of expressing her analysis due to her wry sense of humor. She fails, however, to convey the same theme when she quotes statistics that seem more copied than readable in the flow of her work. The author uses Ethos, Logos and Pathos to convey these messages. Dewey begins by using Pathos as she uses the word “ominous” in her opening sentence. The word ominous in an opening sentence evokes fear and stands as an attention-getter in an emotional appeal. She is attempting to persuade the reader by using this form of Pathos, a word that should evoke strong emotion. She...
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...Many are like David facing his own giants in life, rather than facing actual giants, such as conquering a circumstance or illness that threatens to derail you. Malcolm Gladwell writes about people rising above difficult circumstances in life, like in his book “David and Goliath Underdogs, Misfits, and The Art of Battling Giants” using pathos, ethos, logos, and rhetorical tactics like metaphors, similes, anecdotes, epistrophes, and allegory. Gladwell uses numerous inspiring stories throughout the book to encourage the readers to agree with his point of view. He accomplishes this by presenting strong evidence supporting his claim that the underdog may, and frequently does, have the upper hand in social circumstances. Gladwell backs up his arguments using both primary and secondary sources. In...
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...the steps of Lincoln Memorial along with the thousands of Americans viewing the live national broadcast, King effectively got his stance as a leading civil rights activist in the American Civil Rights Movement across: an end to the prevalent racial discrimination in the country; an end to the inequality, inferiority, oppression and injustice; a ray of hope for a free, prosperous and bright future for the Black Americans. Even though King relies too heavily on emotional reasoning rather than logic and does not provide the audience with any practical ways of achieving his goal of eliminating racial discrimination, he still succeeds in persuading them through a well structured and researched speech, the use of the Aristotelian appeals of ethos and pathos, visual metaphors, repetition of phrases and words and identification with the audience using a ‘we’ oriented approach. His entire speech is so well structured that it could be broken down into two visible chunks; presenting a wonderful transition from ‘what is’ to ‘what ought to be’. Initially he brings to light the harsh reality being lived by Black Americans from the past to present; their poor, deplorable plight, the grave oppression and injustice done to them. He calls on them to realize it’s high time they stood up for their rights through themed paragraphs using defining phrases like “Now is the time” and “Go back to” (King). The second part of his speech portrays the beautiful dream which he wishes would soon turn into...
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...Persuasive communications The European commission have recently released there latest figures reviling UK women are the fattest in Europe. Obesity rates have been on a slow climb for the last 10 years which is why it has become one of the NHS main focuses. According BBC health, “Obesity is caused by two simple factors - an unhealthy diet (typically too rich in sugar and fats and not enough fibre and carbohydrate) and not doing enough exercise to burn off the calories consumed.” In 2009, 16% of boys aged 2 to 15, and 15% of girls were classed as obese between the ages of 2-15 The Health and Social Care Information Centre. This large percentage of obesity amongst children needs to be addressed before it become out of hand acceptable in society. David Cameron announced earlier this year that obesity costs the NHS £4 billion a year and that is looking to grow. This issue does need to be tackled to stop the growth of obesity not only to save money but lives too. This essay will be outline Tesco’s ‘great school run’ and the NHS ‘get fit with the Olympics’ campaigns to encourage people to become more active and analyse how they communicate with their publics differently in striving for the same result. It will also look at the similarities and differences applying different theories to each of the campaigns to come to the conclusions of their overall effectiveness. With participation in sport dropping between 2009 and 2010 (Mintel) and obesity levels growing, changes need to be...
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...on the grounds that our identity, consciousness and reality (soul) is bound and shaped by sense experience. Any reference to a separate metaphysical entity that moulds our individuality is contrary to experience and our mind/soul, as we know it, is the product of the functioning of the brain, a physical thing. As a dualist Plato maintained soul and body are separate entities, the former being immortal whilst the latter mortal. Plato’s understanding of the soul is deeply rooted in his concept of the Forms, arguing that the soul is both ‘simple’ and essential to obtaining knowledge of the Forms. For Plato, the body is an impediment to obtaining true knowledge, a ‘source of endless trouble’ and subject to change, therefore an unreliable guide to truth. The chariot analogy is used to demonstrate the conflicting nature of the body and soul. The soul is compared to a chariot driver attempting to control two horses that pull in different directions, the mind and body. The body consists of desires and emotions that distract humans from the basis of existence, truth. Kenny uses an example of a young child throwing a tantrum to illustrate the disharmony between the soul and body. The desire that causes the tantrum is driven by irrationality, as is the human body. Plato uses the argument from knowledge to substantiate the claim that the body and soul are distinct. He describes learning as remembering what the soul has known previously in the world of Forms. Our grasp of concepts such...
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...“The American Dream” as defined by James Truslow Adams in 1931 is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. Truslow states "life should be worse and poorer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement" regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that "all men are created equal" and that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights" including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." The American Dream is viewed by many Americans as not only an American pursuit, but also many Americans, most especially those citizens that identify themselves as Christians see this pursuit as a Christian right of passage. In the catechesis of Christian language the American dream has become synonymous with the being a Christian. In the minds of many Americans the American Dream is a Christian reward to faithfulness. The proliferation of the American dream through the vehicle of the “Prosperity Gospel” is a cause for the continuance of poverty in America. In this writing I plan to discuss the origins of the American, the canonizing of the American dream in scripture, and the growth of the Prosperity Gospel as an answer to the rising poverty rate in this country. ORIGINS OF THE AMERICAN...
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...Theory Paper Holistic, CBT and Spritual Theory Approach Introduction Client’s are expecting that counselors will treat their spiritual concers, as a result many mental health professionals are now considering the healing potential of a holistic view of mind, body, and spirit when it is incorporated into the therapeutic process (Morrison, Clutter, Pritchett & Demmitt, 2009). Learning a clients spiritual history, faith preferences, and commitments is a critical assessment priority (Greggo & Lawrence, 2012). As a counselor I find it very important to focus on the clients behaviors, thoughts and spiritual needs. I would address the clients thoughts and behaviors by using pieces of Adlerian therapy while using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help the client learn new behaviors. I also find it important to address the clients spiriautal needs and how beliefs play a role in their treatment. When working in a secultar setting, I believe it is hard for counselors to know the best way to incorporate a clients spiritual delimas and needs while working in a therapeutic environment. I personally value and prefer this particular cognitive-behavioral orientation because I believe that it helps the client focus on the therapy as a learning process. The client learns new ways to cope with problems more effectively. Cognitive-behavioral theory stresses the role of thinking, deciding, questioning, doing, and re-deciding (put in own words) I chose CBT because it is the...
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...me at disadvantage * Professor/text did not adequately explain material * Too many tests on one day * Nonacademic * Pressure from parents * Job leaves no time for study * Illness prevents adequate preparation * GPA for athletic qualification * Financial aid depends on GPA * Good grades needed for job or graduate school 3. Unfair professors * Overly harsh grading * Unfair tests designed to fail students * Unreasonable workload in course 4. Lack of effort * Did not attend class * Did not study, do reading, etc. 5. Adherence to other loyalties * Helping a friend * Loyalty to a group (fraternity) 6. All’s fair in love and academia 7. Opportunity * Unexpected opportunity arose * Instructor left room during exam * Instructor wasn’t watching carefully * Other students didn’t cover their paper 8. Campus ethos * Others do it * No one ever really gets punished/caught Some ways of cheating 1. Copying Homework This schoolyard cheating method is a classic used by elementary school students and college students alike. The only difference is that college students can call the whole affair a 'study group' and get away with it at most schools. 2. Paying Someone Else to Write the Paper Thanks to the Internet, it is easier than ever to find hundreds of pre-written academic papers and essays...
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...Chapter 1 – An Introduction to Consumer Behaviour What is Consumer Behaviour? * The study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires * An ongoing process * Exchange – 2+ people giving and receiving something of value = an integral part of marketing Consumers’ Impact on Marketing Strategy * Consumers’ needs can be satisfied to the extent that marketers understand the people/orgs that will use what they are trying to sell – better than the competitors * Consumer response is the test of whether a marketing strategy will exceed – knowledge about consumers is important Segmenting Consumers * Marketing segmentation – identifies groups of consumers who are similar to one another in 1+ ways and then devises marketing strategies to appeal to 1+ of these groups * Demographics – measure observable aspects – age, gender, family structure/life stage, social class/income, ethnicity * Psychographics – measure consumers’ personalities, attitudes, values, lifestyles Marketing’s Impact on Consumers * Relationship marketing – making an effort to interact with customers on a regular basis, giving them reasons to maintain a bond with company * Ex: restaurant sending a birthday coupon to consumer every year * Popular culture – music, movies, books, sports, celebs, consumed by mass market – a product of and inspiration for marketers ...
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...CURRICULUM REVIEW Search using the ref: 00045-2007DOM-EN Copies of this publication can also be obtained from: DfES Publication PO Box 5050 Sherwood Park Annesley Nottingham NG15 0DJ Tel: 0845 60 222 60 Fax: 0845 60 333 60 Textphone: 0845 555 60 Please quote ref: 00045-2007DOM-EN ISBN: 978-1-84478-883-5 PPSLS/D35/0107/14 © Crown Copyright 2007 Produced by the Department for Education and Skills Extracts from this publication may be reproduced for non commercial education or training purposes on the condition that the source is acknowledged. For any other use please contact HMSOlicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk DIVERSITY & CITIZENSHIP You can download this publication or order copies online at: www.teachernet.gov.uk/publications Diversity and Citizenship Curriculum Review Review Group members Sir Keith Ajegbo retired in July 2006 as Headteacher of Deptford Green School, a multiethnic school with a strong reputation for Citizenship education. He is currently working as a coach on the Future Leaders Project, as a School Improvement Partner, and as an education consultant for UBS. He is also a Governor of Goldsmiths College and a trustee of the Stephen Lawrence Trust. Dr Dina Kiwan is a Lecturer in Citizenship Education at Birkbeck College, University of London. Previously she was seconded to the Home Office as the Head of Secretariat to the Advisory Board for Naturalisation and Integration (ABNI), carrying forward the implementation...
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...STUDIES IN PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND WORK Mike Hayler University of Brighton, UK Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education examines the professional life and work of teacher educators. In adopting an autoethnographic and life-history approach, Mike Hayler develops a theoretically informed discussion of how the professional identity of teacher educators is both formed and represented by narratives of experience. The book draws upon analytic autoethnography and life-history methods to explore the ways in which teacher educators construct and develop their conceptions and practice by engaging with memory through narrative, in order to negotiate some of the ambivalences and uncertainties of their work. The author’s own story of learning, embedded within the text, was shared with other teacher-educators, who following interviews wrote self-narratives around themes which emerged from discussion. The focus for analysis develops from how professional identity and pedagogy are influenced by changing perceptions and self-narratives of life and work experiences, and how this may influence professional culture, content and practice in this area. Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education STUDIES IN PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND WORK The book includes an evaluation of how using this approach has allowed the author to investigate both the subject and method of the research with implications for ...
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...Where Is Utopia in the Brain? DanieL s. Levine Introduction The designer of utopian societies, whether fictional or real, often confronts the limits of what is possible for members of our species. But how severe or flexible are those limits? The explosive growth of behavioral neurobiology and experimental psychology in the last decade has produced many results on the biological bases of social interactions. This growth suggests that we can now look to science for some partial answers to the question of limits. Until recently, the social sciences and the biological sciences have mainly developed separate and disconnected accounts of human behavior. In the “nature/nurture controversy,” for example, anthropology has tended to emphasize cultural influences on human nature whereas behavioral biology has tended to emphasize genetic influences. The journalist Matthew Ridley (Nature via Nurture) provides an accessible account of the intellectual history and rhetoric of these two fields. Yet an increasing number of scholars in both areas are now realizing that behavioral biology and anthropology are studying the same human phenomena from different viewpoints. This overlap means there should be an underlying reality that is consistent across the different disciplines regardless of any disagreements in terminology. The behavioral biologist Edward O. Wilson calls this type of interdisciplinary commonality consilience, a term coined earlier by the nineteenth-century philosopher William Whewell...
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