...philosophy from the ancient book The Art of War which is one of the oldest and most successful books on military strategy. It influenced eastern military thinking and emphasized the most efficient way of gaining victory with the least amount of conflict. The original text is purposely made obscure and difficult to understand, so that Sun Tzu remained employed, as the king would need him for interpretation. Although it has a mixture of profound philosophy and detailed tactical prescriptions that are great for battles about 2500 years ago, the book is also useful today. The teaching of Sun Tzu is powerful: it will not only instruct us, but also reveal where we stand and how to approach a problem, how to deal with adversity, and how to handle the whims of fate. The author, Chin-Ning Chu, perfectly applied Sun Tzu’s theory to integrate our styles and personal philosophy into every action we take. She provided examples, references, and anecdotes that were not available in the original book The Art of War. This book is written particularly for women because women have the ability to negotiate and they are able to be modest and understand that silence is golden. This book will guide us to use the full spectrum of the strategies that are contained in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War with a holistic approach to winning. This book contains 13 chapters and our team covered chapter 1 through 6. Book Summary Chapter 1 The strategies in The Art of War are based on Taoism. Taoism's...
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...Log My Personal Interest Project topic was chosen with my micro world in mind, due to my interest in art as well as being a Visual Art student. Through studying gender roles during my Visual Art course and exploring social exclusion in Society and Culture, it compelled me to want to learn more about the representation of women within the art world. As a socially aware individual with an interest in art, I felt the need to explore these inequalities to see if they still exist and how this may impact on other young artists. The research methods that I chose were interview, statistical analysis and content analysis, which would provide me qualitative results, as well as quantitative by being able to collect data and statistics. Originally, I planned on conducting a focus group discussion, however as my project progressed, I decided on content analysis as it allowed me to observe a variety of sources and immerse myself in the art world. By choosing an interview I was able to gain insightful knowledge from four females who were either art curators or historians and one male who is an art historian. This gave me qualitative results as I was able to receive in-depth answers from numerous people and allowed and exploration of my cross-cultural by interviewing both genders and gaining their perspectives on this. However, there were some limitations such as by completing my interviews through e-mail, I was not able to ask any follow up questions for answers to be further elaborated...
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...man without impropriety. That is, women who did not conform to such cultural limits were excluded from polite society, and considered either uncultured, unnaturally powerful or immoral.” In this time period women’s “real” work was serving their families. They had to bother about cooking, housekeeping and taking care of their children....
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...Dawi zabarmawi History of women in art Throughout the centuries, women around the world have engaged in artwork as either creators or innovators of various forms of artistic expressions. They have contributed significantly as art historians hence they have been integral to the institution of art in the society. Despite their evident contributions in the art world, women artists have encountered opposition especially in the ancient times. It is indisputable that women artists have been under represented in major art collections in previous eras; otherwise some women would have gained recognition as Picasso. According to Chadwick (6), many women have contributed to visual culture, but their efforts have been neglected. Women artists have been perceived as marginal because of their gender. Chadwick (15) believes that women...
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...Even though women have been creating art since the beginning of the Homo sapiens species it was not until the late 1960’s and 1970’s when female artists began to receive the recognition they deserved for their talent and art. Early women in the world of art have been faced with challenges due to gender biases, often being encountered with difficulties when it came to training, traveling, selling their art, as well as even receiving credit for their own work. However, even with so many obstacles facing early women artists, some managed to be an exception and become successful fine artists of their time. What did this handful of women do differently to become successful and break barriers for their time? Dating back to the prehistoric area up...
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...that "art is not a free autonomous activity of a super-endowed individual…but rather… occurs in a social situation, is an integral element of social structure, and is mediated and determined by specific and definable social institutions".[1] While art functions as a gateway for personal creativity and expression, it inevitably carries the influence of a far greater context outside the artist himself. Across cultures, time periods, and movements, art has presented various patterns in style and subject matter inextricably linked to values of the larger society. Viewers do not simply witness these products of history, but engage in personal experiences and responses provoked by them. Thus, art has served as a powerful engine both reflecting and fueling political, social, and religious ideologies.[2] In particular, the subject of women has accumulated controversial discussion in the visual arts because of consistencies witnessed across all these constructs. In exploring female representations in art, feminist scholars have particularly noted the perpetual limitations set upon women not only as subjects but as spectators. While artistic movements progressed over the centuries, it appears the connotations of women have remained stagnant. Even in the early 20th century which saw a turn in traditional gender roles, painting continued to be dominated by the male experience demonstrated in the guises of the nude, despite aesthetic and conceptual differences. Such control gave women little...
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...Comparing Nude Women of Art from different eras It is surprising how different female body sculptures from different ancient civilizations are. The diverse forms of human body also embody many different functions and meanings. In art, naked figures reflect a very complex set of formal ideals, philosophical concerns, and cultural traditions. In this essay I would like to compare two sculptures of nude women. The first one is the Venus of Willendorf which was built in Paleolithic Period. Another is called the Venus of Milo carved in ancient Greece. The female body of the Venus of Willendorf depicts enlarged breasts, buttocks and genital, which represents fertility, while the body of Venus of Milo, on the other hand, demonstrates beauty and perfect proportions. Despite the difference characteristics and styles between them, they both represent the different view of the perfect female form. The most widely known female figurine, the Venus of Willendorf, with only 11cm in height, is possibly the smallest female nude sculpture we know. It is one of the most obese representations of the Paleolithic statuary. The Venus of Willendorf can be dated back to approximately the Paleolithic period, around 28,000 to 25,000 BCE. According to some analysis, it was obvious that it had once been “painted with red ochre”, a symbolic substance commonly found in connection with burials and grave goods from the same time period. It was made of Oolitic limestone. Her thighs are also large and pressed...
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...late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the role of women began to change drastically. Woman began to rally for rights, and suffrage became more popular. Woman became more independent, and they weren’t afraid or ashamed to even go so far as to be jailed for their protests. It wasn’t until 1920 when the Nineteenth Amendment that is finally became unlawful for individual states or the government to deny women the right to vote. Along with these political changes came overall changes in the way that woman were reflected. Writers began to endorse women’s liberation and equality. Literature and plays during the modernism era were often considered scandalous. Marriage was one subject of writers of the period. A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, was a play about a woman who was treated childishly by her husband and father, and in the end she leaves her husband. It was so controversial, that the play had to be rewritten to include and ending where she stayed for the sake of her children. It is considered to be the first feminist play. Other writers helped society accept the role of women outside of the home. Women no longer wanted to be viewed as domestic, but instead wanted do things that showed their intelligence and skills. The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, was written during this time. It was a satirical story that symbolized the oppression of women. Art and literature during this time depicted the changes in women, addressing marriage, divorce, rights, and...
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...Nancy Rios Professor Fields History 101 3-4:15 12/13/14 Fresno Feminist Art Program For centuries women have not been seen as equal to their male counter parts. Instead women have been treating more as property rather than being valued. Several women felt the need for change and yearned for an end to their oppression. However, women found a way to express themselves with their new discovery of something called, art. Art is a powerful tool that can depict many emotions and situations without actually having to say much. Unfortunately female artists had a difficult time because they were never taken serious by male artists. Nevertheless being ridiculed by male artists did not stop these women from proving themselves in the art world. Judy Chicago is a famous inspirational feminist artist who launched the first women’s art program at Fresno State University in the fall of 1970. Judy accomplished various things that helped contribute to the feminist movement here in America. Although, she had here share of obstacles, Judy wanted a new “framework of reality” and wanted to move away from a male dominated art world. Judy Chicago had a vision about separating the male art world from the female art world....
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...Art and Culture Paper Bryce Barbee ART/125 March 14, 2016 Jamie Welch Art and Culture Paper This paper will contain information about the Feminist Art Movement and how their art work help then towards the goal of women have equal rights as to men. This will also include the ethnic minorities and how their influence affected the art works. There will be a Section of this paper that will take about the influence of art and how it affected the culture of 20th century. Then this paper will so contain information about how the culture of 20th century influences the arts of the 20th century. Feminist Art Movement Well the Feminist Art Movement started in 1969 because there was a group of women artists in revolution (WAR). This group decided to split off from the Art Workers’ Coalition (AWC) the reason the split from the AWC because it was Male-dominated. This group would not help the women artists. Then in 1971 the women artists had started to strike out of the Corcoran Biennial in Washington D.C. because they had excluded the women artists. The women artists started to protest against gallery owners because they would not show off their work here. Judy Chicago is the first woman that acted on and to help the Feminist Art movement. Her role was the most prominent and the earliest activists in the movement because she had established the feminist art program for women to paint freely without having the rejections from the outside world. The place of the program...
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...Modern Art in London 18 November 2015 How has the representation of women and female identity changed over the course of modern and contemporary art? Women have always been a common subject of art not only created by male artists, but female artists as well. In the late 1960s, the feminist art movement emerged following the women’s suffrage movement. The art during this era included works that obviously dealt with the female body even if the artists did not fully establish themselves as feminists. On the other hand, there were artists, like Paul Gauguin, who represented women in a different way. He spent some time in Tahiti to change his inspiration for art and discovered different subjects that included young Tahitian women. His pieces were so different from the pieces during the feminist art movement because his art typically did not give a precise purpose or meaning. Feminist art was representing something so powerful that it almost always needed a strict meaning. Another piece of art that almost contradicts the feminist art movement is Olympia by Edouard Manet. Consisting of a nude woman, this painting could suggest the views of women by the artist and even their role in society. Looking at these three different types of art really helps understanding the difference of representation of women over the course of the years. The feminist art movement started in the 1960’s shortly after women gained the right to vote due to the women’s suffrage movement (Feminist art movement)...
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...Art and Culture Tammy Enderle June 30, 2015 Instructor: Michael Giacchino Art and Culture Culture and art are two things that have always gone hand in hand. Although art was not always done and accepted by women or minorities there was always an impact on society and culture. It was not until the Civil Right movement and Women Right movement in the late 1960’s that all of this changed. At this point everyone was treated and recognized equally and everyone now had an impact on their cultures and society. Women and Minorities and Art Before the late 1960’s and early 1970’s women and cultural minorities were not recognized for the art that they were capable of producing. “In 1960, the world of American women was limited in almost every respect, from family life to the workplace. A woman was expected to follow one path: to marry in her early 20s, start a family quickly, and devote her life to homemaking. As one woman at the time put it, "The female doesn't really expect a lot from life. She's here as someone's keeper — her husband's or her children's." ("E-Collaborative For Civic Education", 2015) Art galleries looked away and did not accept their art to be displayed in their studios. The women and minorities of cultures had to start protesting outside of art galleries to find their voices, and to be heard. In the late 1960’s women came together to open up their own art galleries, and were finally able to have their work on display for everyone to enjoy and see. By...
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...20th Century Diversity in a Changing World ARTS/125 20th Century Diversity in a Changing World The diversity of the art world has had many changes throughout many years of different styles and cultures. The Chicago World's Fair in 1893 was one of the starting points for American art to be seen and enjoyed by the world (Doss, E 2002). The Chicago World's Fair displayed Neo-classical architecture and Neoclassical style of art the help reinforce cultural progress and leadership (Doss, E 2002). The architecture and art that was seen during this time were known as the Gilded Age Art. The art was flashy and extravagant and designed for the American with a big wallet (Doss, E 2002). There was some diversity when it came to the Gilded Age art, but a lot of the other great women and other ethnic culture artist got left out of the plan (Doss, E 2002). Throughout 123 years after the Chicago World's Fair, the world has been able to see the changes in America, good and bad through art. Art styles have changed drastically over the years as a way for many artists to express themselves about the planet that human beings inhabit. The American art world may have started off being dominated by a Caucasian male society, but within time other genders and ethnic groups' grabbed notary as well. Over time women began to demand equal rights to vote, gender, sexism, and to be seen as equals in the art world (Doss, E 2002). Also, other ethnic culture stood up for their rights to be treated as equals...
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...How did the feminist art movement influence expressionism? Gender equality is an issue that has gradually become a day to day affair in our society; it’s near impossible to avoid seeing it or hearing about it. However, gender equality as an issue is often associated with politics, not art, but as a result of it, feminists began to illustrate the issue through expressionist art forms. Feminist art was used to shock, educate and mock, as well as be used as an outlet for women to tell their story, which, through traditional values, was almost impossible. As a result, the expressionist art form evolved more than anyone could have ever imagined. The amount of new mediums and outlets that were explored and created as a result of feminist art was phenomenal. However, like with any other significant change, there were many critics that wished it hadn’t. aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Traditionally, men were the dominant gender; the boss, and women were mere selfish pleasures used to sexually gratify a man. She must also cook for him, clean for him, bear his children and just simply act as the man’s object. These values carried over into the art world, where, female artists were virtually unheard of, they were only art works; objects of the male gaze. When women appeared in art, the majority were only half dressed or nude, as well as being placed in a vulnerable position; waiting for the man do dominate her. It was as the snowball effect started of feminist movements...
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...Art and Culture The role women and their influence in the twentieth century started when they were challenged, by men, not allowing women to be included in the art exhibits and therefore the feminist movement had begun. The feminist movement was started with four women artists: Yoko Ono, Adrian Piper, Carolee Schneemann, and Eva Hesse who participated in and prompted the artistic directions. The purpose of the feminist movement was to protest for equal rights, sexism, gender roles, and reproductive rights so women could be allowed in the American art world. In 1971, art historian Linda Nochlin published an essay “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?” In this article she argued with art critics and historians. Nochlin explained how women were being excluded from all art exhibits and collections. Women started protesting by picketing museums and staging demonstrations. In 1972, women started shaping American society by opening their own art galleries all over the world to show their work. They opened feminist art programs at Fresno State College and California Institute of the Arts (Cal Arts) in early 1970. By 1974 over 1,000 United States colleges and universities offered women’s studies courses. In 1975, women started creating images of their bodies to proclaim women’s right to control and enjoy their bodies, which was the start of women’s liberation, while other women decided to dress up their painting with embroidery, knitting, quilting, and china paintings...
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