...Lateral ankle sprains account for a vast majority of ankle injuries and said injury causes damage not only to the ligaments, but also the muscles, nerves, and mechanoreceptors that go across the lateral ankle. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is generally the result of repetitive lateral ankle sprains and patients suffering from this condition often have deficits in functional proprioception, strength, and performance. One of the most essential parts of a rehab protocol for the ankle is strength training and this is mainly due to the fact that muscle weakness is associated with CAI. Since strength training is primarily used in participants with ankle instability to improve physical conditioning it is safe to assume that said training will work...
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...The ankle is one of the most prevalent injured joints in the body, with the lateral ankle sprain being among the most common sprains that ail athletes. This usually results from over-stretching or tearing the ligaments that are located on the outside of the ankle. The common belief is that the best treatment is to rest, ice, compress, and elevate (RICE) the ankle until it is fully able to function. But some conflicting evidence has shown that RICE is not necessarily modern science any longer. Resting the ankle can actually cause circulation to reduce and weaken muscles, nerves, ligaments, and tendons because of disuse. Taping the ankle for added stability and performing strengthening exercises and stretches before and after games are some...
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...quadriceps muscle, and then goes on to attach to the anterior surface of the tibia (Physio Advisor, n.d.). This relationship forms a joint designed to give the quadriceps muscle leverage when extending the knee (Sports Injury Clinic, n.d.). Each of the bones involved is lined with cartilage to allow cushioning between the bones. The patella also has connective tissue known as the patella retinaculum which attaches it on either side of the femur. This joint is known as the patellofemoral joint (Physio Advisor, n.d.). The patella normally lies in the patellofemoral grove and is only designed to move vertically within it, so dislocation occurs when the patella moves or is moved onto the outside of the patellofemoral groove and onto the lateral femoral condyle (Sports Injury Clinic, n.d.).The patella is usually dislocated laterally however vertical, superior and intercondylar dislocations may also occur (Davenport & Roch, 2013). During dislocation, tearing of the patellar...
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...(High) Ankle Sprain Care and Prevention of Musculoskeletal Injuries Garrett Levengood April 24, 2015 Applied Anatomy When speaking about the syndesmosis of the ankle, it refers to the slightly moveable ligaments within the lower leg that connect the tibia and fibula together at the ankle by connective tissue. The syndesmotic structure of the ankle contains various ligaments, which aid in stability and resistance of certain rotations and translations. The first ligament contained in the complex is the anterior inferior talofibular ligament (AITFL) that not only holds the tibia and fibula together on the anterior side but also aids in resistance to inversion and plantar flexion. The next syndesmotic ankle ligament...
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...area. One thing each form have in common is their ability to depolarize sensory nerves, motor nerves, pain nerves, and muscle fibers directly. In the case of a lateral ankle sprain, electrical stimulation in combination with cryotherapy is a modality of choice because of its effectiveness in reducing swelling, edema and pain. But recent studies have shown, that TENS units in particular may be the unit of choice, so what should ATs be utilizing the most? Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries that affects athletes of all ages and in all sporting activities. Most ankle sprains result from damage to the lateral structures after a stress is placed on an inverted and planter-flexed foot. Sprains are graded based on severity and are rated from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 3) (3). Following injury, most athletes experience pain, edema, and experience functional limitations (2). A common way to treat a lateral ankle sprain is through a form of electrotherapy, sometimes in...
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...Introduction The patient, a 20-year-old female ballet dancer, presented with pain in the lateral ankle, particularly in the anterior lateral malleolus and on the calcaneus, and swelling. Patient was examined immediately after the injury occurred. Upon examination, there were positive tests for both the talar tilt test and the anterior drawer test; greater than 10˚ and 8mm respectively compared to the uninjured ankle. Weight bearing on the injured limb was not possible for more than two steps; the patient experience great pain and described the sensation of her ankle “buckling.” A history was taken; the patient described rolling her ankle after landing on a colleague’s foot, and stated that she has had a lateral ankle sprain (Grade I) in the past. Patient was referred for radiographic (x-ray) imaging to rule out fractures and other ankle injuries. Patient was finally diagnosed with a Grade III ATF & CF ankle sprain. After radiographic and arthroscopic imaging was completed, it was determined that the rupture had occurred at the attachment point on the fibula for both ligaments9; an avulsion fracture was not found. Initial treatment performed on the patient consisted of the R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) method. Patient was wrapped with the foot in as much of a dorsiflexed position as could be tolerated, with u-shaped foam orthotics around both malleoli to help with compression and stability. Patient was informed of her options regarding surgical...
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...Sprained thumb and other finger injuries A sprain is an injury to the ligament. You can have a sprained thumb when you use your hand to break a fall, during sudden impact, or simply because of repetitive movements when handling and dribbling the ball. It can limit your ability to move your thumb, affecting your ball handling. Pain, stiffness, swelling, and bruising can also manifest in the affected thumb. Other finger injuries include minor cuts, jammed finger, dislocation, and fracture. Fractures must be ruled out through an X-ray even if you already suspect a case of sprain, dislocation, or jammed finger, just to confirm. For mild sprain of the thumb, applying a thumb splint might suffice. Immobilization and splinting of the affected fingers must be done immediately to prevent further damage. If the injury is severe, a surgical intervention might be needed. 2. Ankle sprain Lateral ankle sprain injuries are the most common basketball injuries. You can sprain your ankle during a sudden twisting motion, or when you lose footing, causing your foot to roll inward or outward. An ankle sprain can be mild or severe, depending on the damage the ligament...
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...This study will compare data from sports injuries and see the comparisons between those sports injuries and those in football. The major injuries are concussions, ligament tears, and serious bone fractures which greatly affect all major athletes. Even knowing these serious injuries can and do occur, this researcher believes that professional athletes should take the risk if they are passionate about the sport they play. According to The American Journal of Sports Medicine there are many different injuries caused from playing football. A big percentage of severe injuries were caused by foul play. (46%) of injuries were caused by contact and 54% involved no body contact. Trauma was caused of (81.5%) of the injuries. Joint sprains predominated...
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...Common Badminton Injury Badminton Injury does occur to a player when they are not properly warmed up or their techniques are not correct. It also happens when fatigue kicks in after playing or training for too long. Also there are times when you don't really know what hit you. | So I think it is good that you understand the few common badminton injuries in case you are unlucky and injured yourself. However, you should always seek professional medical advice if that happens. Acute Badminton Injuries Ankle Sprain This is a common badminton injury, usually accidental. It may occur when the athlete steps on his partner's foot and land with a plantar flexed, inverted and supinated foot. Most sprains occur on the lateral ligament complex, a group of ligaments on the outside of the ankle. It will result in a painful swelling in the outer aspect of the ankle, usually causing a partial or total rupture of one or more ligaments. Apply RICE (Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate) to reduce swelling. It may also result in other complications eg. fracture, tendon injuries and loss of proprioceptive control. It may take days to a few months to heal with adequate rehabilitation. Meniscus Tear Normally caused by a sudden twisting movement of the knee during footwork resulting in the tear of the meniscus. There will be pain in the joint-line of the knee, mild swelling and unable to flex or extend the leg in full. It may be having accompanying collateral or cruciate ligament injury...
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...fifty two percent, followed by the back at twenty two percent, and the neck at twelve percent. The least frequent injuries occurred in the upper extremities with the shoulder consisting of only six percent of the dancers. Of the lower extremities the knee (29%), ankle (25%), foot (20%), and the hip (12%) were the more frequent sites of injury (Evans, Evans, Carvajal, Perry). In order to prevent these types of injuries from occurring it’s imperative that dancers follow the proper precautions such as stretching, proper warm-up techniques and general care for their bodies. After acquiring an injury you must follow proper treatments in order to recover effectively. Your spine is made up of three sections; the top portion or the cervical, the middle portion or the thoracic, and the lower portion or the lumbar (Anderson, Parr, and Hall). When it comes to back injuries, dancers tend to get injured in their thoracic or lumbar regions. The most common injury is frozen back. Frozen back is when the muscles in the back spasm. This is caused by fatigue, hyper mobility, inequalities in the dancer’s leg length, and scoliosis or curvature in the spine. Another common back injury is sprains and strains in the ligaments in the spine. Sprains and strains are injuries in the muscle-tendon units of the body. (Anderson, Parr, Hall) The best way to treat a back injury is R.I.C.E. R.I.C.E stands for rest, ice,...
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...Diagnosis Despite the high incidence of ankle sprains in athletes, syndesmotic injuries are rarely diagnosed. It is stressed through multiple reviews that the correct use of HIP/HOPS is initiated in order to prevent long term effects from the original injury. Diagnosis of the injury can be made easier by the associated pain on the medial aspect of the ankle, ballottable fibula, proximal fibular tenderness, swelling and crepitus that may be seen during inspection (7). If the patient is experiencing pain between the tibia and fibula, the distance, tenderness length, needs to be determined because it has been reported to be correlate with the degree of injury and time to return to play (2). There are many clinical tests that can be utilized for diagnosis of distal tibiofibular syndesmotic disruption, but research supports the use of four special tests. The Cotton Test, involves side-to-side movement of the talus on the involved leg compared with the contralateral side. In the External Rotation Test, there is...
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...GAUTAM SEHGAL, M.D. Medical Director 228 South Orange Avenue Gautam Sehgal, M.D. South Orange, NJ 07079 Specialized in Neurology, Physiatry Phone: (973) 253-0505 Member of American Academy of Neurology Fax:(973) 253-2255 Hospital Privileges: E.O. General (E Orange), St. Michael (Newark), St. James (Newark), Columbus Hospital (Newark) NEUROLOGICAL CONSULTATION Patient: Francois Compere Referred by: Dr. Baptiste D.O.S.: 04/21/2011 D.O.A.: 11/09/2010 AGE: 43-year-old. Sex: Male Dear Dr. Baptiste: Thank you for letting me to participate in the evaluation, management and treatment of your patient, Francois Compere. As you are aware, he is a 43-year-old male, who was involved in an automobile accident. According to the patient, he was the driver of the vehicle with his seatbelt on. The car was struck on the back right side. There is history of head trauma and no loss of consciousness. The patient was shaken up and dazed. The patient was taken to UMDNJ, treated, examined and released. For detail, please refer to the police report. Since the accident, the patient has been under your care, but remains symptomatic in spite of conservative therapy for close to six months, and is referred to me for further evaluation. PRESENT COMPLAINTS: On the day of examination, i.e. today, 04/21/2011, he complains of neck pain with stiffness. Neck pain is dull-to-sharp radiating into the both upper extremities, left more than right with the numbness, tingling and...
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...in this article it is about ballet dancers being injured while partaking in this sport. This article is “Injury in Ballet: A Review of Relevant Topics for the Physical Therapist” which is about how ballet dancers have injuries while in this sport but don’t know it till years down the road. One statement that stood out to me was, “Knee injuries account for 14-20% of all ballet injuries” (Milan 2). Out of all the possible things that could be injured the knee is the most likely of them all to be injured. The next one that would be behind knee is the ankle that would be the acute inversion ankle sprains (4). This is the most typical injury that ballet dancer suffer and not let anyone know about it because you can do a simple tape job and it would fix everything. These athletes are visiting the Physical Therapy so regularly that these physical therapist can already predict what the injury is going to be when they just looking at the ankle. The best things about seeing the physical therapist when you have an injury is that if you see them you can do the right things so you won’t injure it again. The most important thing about coming back from injury is that your coach understands the injury and will comply with...
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...which travels through the area of the popliteal fossa. (DR Alice Roberts 2010) The personal nerve travels past the knee and wraps around the neck of the fibula. It splits in to the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. The deep peroneal nerves supplies the extensor muscle of the shin, it then opens out to provide sensation to the skin at the back of the foot. The superficial peroneal nerve stays on the side of the leg and supplies the peroneal muscle. (Tortora, Derrickson 2011) Twists and sprains are common knee injuries caused by excessive force stretching the knee joint and ligaments. The knee swells swelling may occur immediately or hours after an injury. The initial swelling is due to an escape of blood from damaged blood vessels and also ruptures of the ligament. Delayed swelling is due to excessive production of synovial fluid. (DR Maxine Long 1999) (Tortora, Derrickson 2011) State damage to ligaments can cause severe pain and disability. The posterior cruciate ligaments and the lateral ligaments the medial...
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...Name: _______________________________________ Date: __________________ 1. What does meditation stimulate? a. pituitary gland b. parasympathetic c. sympathetic d. adrenals 2. Which BEST defines what occurs in the fight or flight response? a. increase in intestinal movement b. increase in heart rate and blood pressure c. decrease in muscle tension d. decrease in endorphins released 3. Exercise during which the patient does not assist the therapist is called? a. coordination b. resistive c. passive d. active 4. Migraine and cluster headaches are? a. tension headaches b. vascular headaches c. traumatic d. psychogenic 5. What do you do if you are working on a client and he/she complains of pain where you are working? a. say “no pain, no gain” b. back off and continue communicating to be sure they are comfortable now c. stop the massage d. only work areas that don’t cause pain 6. if you are using a technique which requires firm pressure and it’s causing pain, You should? a. have the client qualify the pain and then modify your pressure b. explain to the client why pain is necessary c. continue with the same pressure d. terminate the session 7. What is the best position for massaging a pregnant woman? a. prone b. supine c. on her side d. postural drainage position 8. Which BEST describes the location of the Yin channels? a. anterior b. posterior c. proximal d. distal 9. Where is the center of gravity...
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