...rights and protect women from their tyrannical husbands" (Brinkley). The Antebellum reform movements created a new wave of women's rights movements. "Transcendentalism and utopian communities each had a sense of feminism within them. John Humphrey's image of a perfect community, Oneida Community, rejected the "traditional" ideas of family and marriage. Instead of just the mother taking care of a child, the whole community helps out. In Ann Lee's Shaker Society, the residents committed to celibacy. Men and women were equal in all aspects and god was neither male nor female. Utopian societies were "perfect" worlds that many people in this time period created. So women being viewed as equals in almost all of them was a big step in the women's rights...
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...Cheryl Brooks Revision Eng 434 November 6, 2013 The Bloomer Costume: Who Else Wears the Pants? The Emerging Woman of the Antebellum Period! Introduction For social activist, Amelia Bloomer, bloomers served as a uniform of women’s liberation in America. Whether it was luck or fate, the trend-setting slacks worn for comfort catapulted change in the arena of fashion and politics. Ridiculed by the public, mocked in cartoons, and denied entrance into political meetings, Amelia was admired and encouraged by her liberal-minded husband to be true to herself and to use her talent of writing to change the world. In this paper, I will argue that the Bloomer Costume provided America with a symbolism for comprehending a new kind of woman emerging on the scene during the Antebellum Period. The Bloomer Costume lithograph is one of the few pictures published by Currier and Ives depicting a female exemplifying beauty, strength, confidence, individualism and power, while striving to have a voice in society. At the time that bloomers were worn by Amelia Bloomer, our country began to witness the rise of the woman. Women in America were beginning to speak out for their right to be heard and considered in society. I will offer an interpretation of how the pants worn by Amelia Bloomer helped to fuel the Women’s Movement of the Antebellum Period. The History of the Bloomer Fashion and Dress Reform Bloomers are a man-like trouser worn underneath a shorter skirt. Although Amelia Bloomer...
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...Women’s Roles in the Nineteenth Century: Invisibility and Visibility In nineteenth century, women in the United States were expected to fill the separate sphere of civilization. They were most likely living their lives mainly as caregivers and homemakers, whereas men were expected to live a public life and work in a factory and became a primary breadwinner in a household. Due to these traditional expectations for women in the nineteenth century, only a handful of women had the opportunities for higher education as men. Women had fought for equal rights and opportunities with men throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century. It had been long journey and a painful struggle for the females. Some groups often seen educated women as rebellious...
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...Women of the Civil Rights Movement: The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement In The American Journal of Legal History, Bernie D. Jones reviews the work of Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Grofman (2000), and describes the ends to the means. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act indisputably were effectual for altering the framework of the questionable American life, for the most part in the southern states. As a consequence, both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were accountable for the stoppage of vast opposition to the civil rights movement and the fitting fusion into the American Society by African Americans. By way of the Acts, public facilities that avidly participated in segregation became outlawed. Throughout the nation, as a result of the enforcement of the Acts, the former, not so easily attainable education opportunities and employment prospects that consistently had been refused, now, awarded African Americans impressively large supporting political control. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 pioneered immeasurably. Women were given distinctive safeguarding subject to employment discrimination law. Emphatically, invigorating the women’s movement, consequently, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served movements of other ethnic civil rights. (p. xvi) VOICE OF OMISSION No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely...
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...The American Renaissance period, circa 1876-1917, heralded a new sense of nationalism with a pride linking to a spirit akin to Greek democracy, the rule of Roman law, and a cultural and educational reform movement often referred to as Renaissance humanism. This American nationalism focused on the expression of modernism, technology, and academic classicism. Renaissance technological advancements include wire cables supporting the Brooklyn Bridge in the State of New York, along with cultural advancements found in the Prairie School houses, Beaux-Arts Institute of Design in architecture and sculpture. The political heir of American nationalism evolved with the Gilded Age and New Imperialism school of thought. The American Renaissance produced major influential literary works from some of the most brilliant minds in U.S. history, including Ralph Waldo Emerson's the "Representative Man (1850)", Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlett Letter (1850)" and "The House of Seven Gables (1851)," Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick," Henry David Thoreau's "Walden (1854)," and Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass (1855)." American Renaissance Literary Masterpieces The American Renaissance, a literary and cultural period circa extending from 1820 to the mid-1860s, gained inspiration from the unresolved issues of the American Revolution. The American Renaissance literary style was coined as "Romanticism," an international philosophical movement that redefined the perceptions of Western cultures, and...
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...independent, women who didn’t need a man in their life, this portrayal showed “independence” as a downfall in their lives as they struggled to get a stable job and shelter over their heads. Throughout the history of the U.S. as well as in the world, women had to fight to earn their right more than men had to. Whether it was being paid equal to men, or holding job positions that they deserved more than men, who were competing for the same job position. Another place that has been a struggle for women is the right of abortion. The very first step toward the right to abortion was when “women who choose to terminate unwanted pregnancies, the Supreme Court’s decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) had seemed to settle the question” (Brinkley, p.807). An era began, where abortion became one of the top surgical procedures that were being performed. But as time went by the question of “right-to-life” or “pro-life” raised which led to massive debates and protest to the idea of abortion. This soon led to the idea of “pro-choose”, which presented “abortion itself as every woman's right to choose whether and when to bear a child” (Brinkley, p.808). This led to abortion being legal in the U.S., but with the constraints placed by states it can be restricted at various degrees. Just like the right to abortion has been a platform of argument, struggle of asking Milwaukee’s resident to pay rent which accounts for more than half of their “income”. Most of the income of these families came from welfare,...
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...African American History Introduction In the essay “On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History” the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared “Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.”1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, Jr., eds., The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001); and Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro- American Slavery (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988), provide informative narratives along with expansive bibliographies. General texts covering major historical events with attention to chronology include John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000), considered a classic; along with Joe William Trotter, Jr., The African American 1  Experience (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); and, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold, The African American Odyssey...
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...Women’s Roles During the Industrial Revolution During the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Industrial revolution transformed Western Europe and the United States introducing origins of machinery in the cotton textile industries. However during this time, non-industrial wage labor increased, more children were being forced to work, urban cities grew, and the commercial agriculture from farms transformed into a labor market. Although, it was not only these economic developments being impacted that made the time of the Industrial Revolution significant; changes in family life also occurred, particularly speaking the decline of family size and increase of life expectancy. Therefore, there was a greater role for women in the labor force, allowing them to compete in contemporary politics and reform activities. Dependent on beginning of the transatlantic movement of British immigrants and their technology, the Industrial Revolution in the United States moved forward allowing the textile industry to expand. Long after the American Revolution showed signs of advantage in the marketplace, a flood of British exports took over, replicating inventions from English manufacturers. One of the first inventions reconstructed would be the first permanent cotton spinning mill and an Arkwright water frame restored by Samuel Slater under sponsorship of former merchants William Almy and Moses Brown. With the leadership of Slater, Almy and Brown they expanded a firm in machine...
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...During the second quarter of the nineteenth century Americans decided to build social reforms and institutions that would be dedicated to improve the individuals and society. The objective sought by the Temperance movement was the crusade against drunkenness. The temperance movement was initially created by several men who took a vow to avert from the habit of drinking alcohol. No social vice, argued some reformers was more responsible for crime, disorder, and poverty than the excessive use of alcohol (Brinkley). Women in this era were very active in this movement because the alcoholism placed a burden on the wives because money for basic needs was being used by the husbands on alcohol. However, by the 1840s temperance societies began advocating...
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...Attempting to understand Jesus Christ and the crucifixion has been a common concern for Christians throughout history. I agree that the significance of Jesus is “constantly being reinterpreted based on one’s sociocultural, historical, and political context” (Jones/Lakeland 163). Human beings perceive and figure out the world through their experiences and encounters. Therefore, it is logical that the understanding of Jesus throughout history has and continues to change. Theses understandings of Jesus’ purpose have been both a positive and a negative impact as Christians strive to follow Jesus’ ministry. Atonement theories are especially understood in relation to one’s context. In some contexts, atonement by Christ as King triumphing over evil (Christus victor) or Christ as prophet, a guide to follow (Abelardian atonement) or Christ as priest carrying our sins (Anselmian atonement). I follow the Abelardian atonement theory, as I believe that Christ is the way to God and I must...
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...Great Depression Joana Lewis Joel Goldstein, PhD. Contemporary U.S. History August 2, 2012 Although women spear headed many significant Progressive era reforms, they were still denied the right to vote. This became increasingly problematic once more and more women understood that individuals in the Industrial Age were buffeted by social and economic forces that were beyond their control and that required the involvement of the federal government. The denial of suffrage changed during the Progressive era, beginning in the western states. To main groups furthered the cause of women’s suffrage: the National American Women Suffrage Association, founded in 1890, and the National Women’s Party, founded in 1913 and led by Alice Paul. The NAWSA worked state to state to convince opponents that were valuable assets to society and deserved to vote. Paul and the NWP, on the other hand, pursued a more aggressive national strategy. On the eve of President Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration in 1913, Alice Paul organized a rally of 5,000 women to demand a federal constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote. She also held a six-month vigil outside the White House to protest restrictions of women suffrage. The combined efforts of these two groups ultimately led to victory. In 1920 just after the end of World War 1, the Nineteenth amendment was passed, and women won the right to vote. Woodrow Wilson became president in 1913, when Progressive ideas...
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...WEEK 10: The Second Great Awakening: religious life in Antebellum America/The Seneca Falls Convention and Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement READINGS: Mary Kupiec Cayton, “The Expanding World of Jacob Norton: Reading, Revivalism, and the Construction of a ‘Second Great Awakening’ in New England, 1787-1804,” Journal of the Early Republic 26, No. 2 (Summer 2006): 221-48; Alison M. Parker, “The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848: A Pivotal Moment in Nineteenth-Century America” (Review of Sally G. McMillen’s Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Woman’s Rights Movement), Reviews in American History 36, No. 3 (September 2008): 341-48. ASSIGNMENT: short commentary 1) Watch Episode 2, “A New Eden,” of the PBS Series God in America and answer the...
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...Merrit Duke History of American Women May 27, 2015 Equality: Too Much to Ask For? The Equal Rights Amendment has been the source of much debate for almost an entire century now. Since first purposed by Alice Paul in the 1920s one’s stance on the potential amendment has been a dividing factor in the political sphere. Though the amendment was shut down in the 1920s there has been discussion about adding the Equal Rights Amendment into the constitution today. If the potential amendment was to be brought back up my stance on the debate would be in support of the amendment. For some background on the debate on the Equal Rights Amendment it would be good to look back and see where activists in the past were split and what about the Equal Rights Amendment has divided them. The Antebellum era gave two different types of women activists, the true women and the Early Feminists. The True Women argued for gender distinctions, separate spheres, domesticity, and women as moral guardians in their natural role as a mother. The True Women would be the women who be apposed to the Equal Rights Amendment and would be active in the fight against it. Arguing against the True Women were the Early Feminists who stressed gender equality, suffrage for women, equal education, human rights, and saw women as rational beings. This group of activists would be in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. Next would be the Progressive era where the two parties in the debate would be the Early Feminists and...
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...GWD_TN_1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GWD1-Q1:D During her presidency of the short-lived Woman’s State Temperance Society (1852-1853), Elizabeth Cady Stanton, as she was a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters in her suggestion that drunkenness should be made sufficient cause for divorce. A. as she was a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters in her suggestion that drunkenness should be B. as she was a staunch advocate for liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters by her suggestion of drunkenness being C. in being a staunch advocate for liberalized divorce laws, had scandalized many of her most ardent supporters with the suggestion of drunkenness being D. a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters by suggesting that drunkenness be E. a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, she scandalized many of her most ardent supporters in suggesting that drunkenness should be ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GWD1-Q2:B By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure...
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...| Course SyllabusCollege of HumanitiesHIS/115 Version 3U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contact, Settlement, Slavery | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Describe the clash of cultures that took place in North America between the Native Americans, colonists, and Black slaves. 1.2 Describe the establishment of early colonies. 1.3 Describe the development of regional differences among the...
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