...Differences and Social Work Intervention in China Introduction Professional activity is one of the most important human activities in modern society; its effects permeate all areas of personal, family and social life. As China's market economy development and social transformation, and increasingly fierce competition in the labor market, unemployment and the rising threat of job flows down, various pressures caused by occupational activities are turned into a widespread social phenomenon. Social development is sustainable, inappropriate occupational stress is not only not conducive to human physical and mental health, family harmony, organizational effectiveness, from a long-term point of view to harmonious and sustainable economic and social development will have a negative impact. Occupational stress mechanisms, manifestations and reaction of certain differences exist in different populations. From a gender perspective, we can see that female occupational stress problem is very prominent. Thus, gender differences in occupational stress is becoming a psychology, sociology, economics, management, organizational behavior, and other subjects of concern to many disciplines. In view of this, angles of social work, this paper, combined with the gender difference in occupational stress survey data, create female occupational stress management and mitigation of social work intervention mechanisms with a view to achieving ease female occupational stress and effective stress management. ...
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...Managing stress Overview Introduction Pressure and stress in perspective So what do we mean by pressure? When pressure becomes stress Sources of stress Responses to stress How can you tell if you are stressed? Stress management Psychological and behavioural approaches to stress management Psychological approaches to stress management Organisational stress References Introduction According to Time magazine we live in a 'time famine' where life is getting more and more complicated as the time available to us gets shorter and shorter. We seem to have to run twice as fast just to stay in one place. We feel pressurised. We feel stressed. What is it about the way that we live today that makes us feel this way, and is there anything we can do about it? More importantly just what exactly are we talking about here? Is this some new disease of the 21st century? Something that is part and parcel of taking on new responsibilities, whether at home or at work? Is there a certain inevitability about it all? Concepts of pressure and stress vary, and therein lies part of the problem. We can all relate to stress, we can all describe what it feels like to be pressurised, but what causes stress itself is perhaps less well defined. There are a variety of stress management techniques to choose from, which focus on different aspects of the stress response. Apart from endeavouring to manage personal stress, employers are also going to have to address questions of stress management...
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...PROTECTING WORKERS HEALTH SERIES NO 3 WORK ORGANISATION & STRESS SYSTEMATIC PROBLEM APPROACHES FOR EMPLOYERS, MANAGERS AND TRADE UNION REPRESENTATIVES Protecting Workers Health Series No. 3 Authors: Stavroula Leka BA MSc PhD Professor Amanda Griffiths CPsychol AFBPsS FRSH Professor Tom Cox CBE INSTITUTE OF WORK, HEALTH & ORGANISATIONS University of Nottingham Nottingham Science and Technology Park University Boulevard William Lee Buildings 8 Nottingham NG7 2RQ United Kingdom WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Leka, Stavroula. Work organisation and stress : systematic problem approaches for employers, managers and trade union representatives / Stavroula Leka, Amanda Griffiths, Tom Cox. (Protecting workers health series ; no. 3) 1. Stress, Psychological prevention and control 2. Occupational Health 3.Occupational diseases prevention and control 4. Risk assessment. 5.Work psychology I.Griffiths, Amanda II.Cox, Tom III.Title IV.Series ISBN 92 4 159047 5 (NLM classification: WA 440) © World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution should be addressed to Publications, at the above...
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...Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities S t r e s s & T h e C o l l e g e S t u de n t Many people experience stress as they combine busy lives and the demands of study and or work while trying to also save time for friends and family. For some people, stress becomes almost a way of life. We all experience episodic stress – getting ready for a major exam, completing an important paper, perhaps getting ready for an important interview. However, a continuous “state” of stress should not become a way of life. We know that stress – over a prolonged period of time – can have increase certain health risks, to say nothing of the wear and tear that happens to relationships and general wellbeing. This simple guide uses materials adapted from several college campuses with active stress reduction programs. It explores the origins of stress and provides some basic ways to assess the level of stress you may be feeling and then suggests some easy-to-incorporate ways to decrease the level of stress. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is simply the body's non-specific response to any demand made on it. Stress is not by definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. Stress provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness; it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological; heart attacks and accidents. The important Thing to remember about stress is that certain forms are...
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...PROTECTING WORKERS HEALTH SERIES NO 3 WORK ORGANISATION & STRESS SYSTEMATIC PROBLEM APPROACHES FOR EMPLOYERS, MANAGERS AND TRADE UNION REPRESENTATIVES Protecting Workers Health Series No. 3 Authors: Stavroula Leka BA MSc PhD Professor Amanda Griffiths CPsychol AFBPsS FRSH Professor Tom Cox CBE INSTITUTE OF WORK, HEALTH & ORGANISATIONS University of Nottingham Nottingham Science and Technology Park University Boulevard William Lee Buildings 8 Nottingham NG7 2RQ United Kingdom WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Leka, Stavroula. Work organisation and stress : systematic problem approaches for employers, managers and trade union representatives / Stavroula Leka, Amanda Griffiths, Tom Cox. (Protecting workers health series ; no. 3) 1. Stress, Psychological prevention and control 2. Occupational Health 3.Occupational diseases prevention and control 4. Risk assessment. 5.Work psychology I.Griffiths, Amanda II.Cox, Tom III.Title IV.Series ISBN 92 4 159047 5 (NLM classification: WA 440) © World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution should be addressed to Publications, at the above...
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...Work related stress develops because a person is unable to cope with the demands being placed on them. Stress, including work related stress, can be a significant cause of illness and is known to be linked with high levels of sickness absence, staff turnover and other issues such as more errors. Stress can hit anyone at any level of the business and recent research shows that work related stress is widespread and is not confined to particular sectors, jobs or industries. That is why a population-wide approach is necessary to tackle it. Definition of stress Stress can be described as: "The adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them at work." Stress is not an illness – it is a state. However, if stress becomes too excessive and prolonged, mental and physical illness may develop. Well-designed, organised and managed work is generally good for us and when insufficient attention to job design, work organisation and management has taken place, it can result in Work related stress. Work related stress develops because a person is unable to cope with the demands being placed on them. Stress, including work related stress, can be a significant cause of illness and is known to be linked with high levels of sickness absence, staff turnover and other issues including fatigue which in turn can lead to errors in the workplace. We can say that “Stress causes some people to break, and other to break records.” Stress or pressure There...
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...What are some of the effects of stress for both the individual concerned and for organisations that the individual is part of? To what extent should a manager feel responsible for trying to help reduce this stress? Over the years stress has been defined in many different ways. . Originally it was perceived as pressure from the environment it was conceived of as pressure from the environment, then as strain within the person. The generally accepted definition today is one of interaction between the situation and the individual. It is the psychological and physical state that results when the resources of the individual are not sufficient to cope with the demands and pressures of the situation. Thus, stress is more likely in some situations than others and in some individuals than others. Stress can undermine the achievement of goals, both for individuals and for organisations (box 1). Organizational stress can have a profound effect on production and motivation in the workplace. Worries about job security or the demands of a heavy workload increase stress levels and cause a variety of emotional and physical ailments. When stress factors, or stressors, are coupled with ineffective or uncaring management, stress can become a problem that extends to the entire department or company. Identifying signs of organizational stress is the first step in designing a strategy to address problems(small business) The consequences and symptoms of stress first become visible at the individual...
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...THREE 3.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 DISCUSSION / ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 3.2.1 SECTION A: LEVEL OF WORK 3.2.2 SECTION B: EMOTIONAL ASPECTS 3.2.3 SECTION C: PHYSICAL ASPECTS 3.2.4 SECTION D: SOCIAL / WORKING ENVIRONMENT ASPECTS CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 CONCLUSION 4.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 RECOMMENDATION 4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH REFERENCES APPENDIXES CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Stress is body's way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength. The Collins English Dictionary (2000) defines stress as, “…emotional or physical strain or tension”. Stress can also be explained as the result of any emotional, physical, social, economic, or other factors that require a response or change. According to Robbins (2001:563) stress is, “…a dynamic condition in which...
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...According to Woolfolk and Richardson “Stress is a perception of threat or expectation of future discomfort that arouses, alerts, or otherwise activates the organism” (9). To me stressed out is when you reach your limitation. There is a slight difference between stress and stressed out. Everyone deals with stress on a daily bases. Stressed out is when you cannot take any more stress. This plague can affect all ages and both genders. Stress has no restrictions on when, where and how it will affect to someone. It can affect us in two main ways both physical and emotional. Sometimes we may not show any signs of stress. Stress can be very dangerous to us because it can be fatal to a person’s health. By realizing stress factors, some types of stressors and learning ways to control it would play a big role in bettering one’s self. Although it sounds obvious, many people do not recognize they have stress factors. As Woolfolk and Richardson states “Since our perceptions and evaluations of the world actually causes stress, then changing some part of our basic outlook on life may be the most expedient way to reduce tension and anxiety” (11). Some common sings for people who have stress are fatigue or irritability. Sometimes family members can be the main cause of stress. We need to take in consideration that having a social life and even our own selves are all big factors of stress. We usually think of stressors as being negative, such as an exhausting work schedule or a rocky relationship...
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...Stress There are many types of stress. Typically in the aviation environment there are two distinct types - acute and chronic. Acute stress arises from real-time demands placed on our senses, mental processing and physical body; such as dealing with an emergency, or working under time pressure with inadequate resources. Chronic stress is accumulated and results from long-term demands placed on the physiology by life’s demands, such as family relations, finances, illness, bereavement, divorce, or even winning the lottery. When we suffer stress from these persistent and long-term life events, it can mean our threshold of reaction to demands and pressure at work can be lowered. Thus at work, we may overreact inappropriately, too often and too easily. The situation of stress arising from lack of stimulation at work has been covered above under Complacency above. Some early visible signs of stress include changes in personality and moods, errors of judgement, lack of concentration and poor memory. Individuals may notice difficulty in sleeping and an increase in fatigue, as well as digestive problems. Longer-term signs of stress include susceptibility to infections, increased use of stimulants and self-medication, absence from work, illness and depression. It is important to recognise the early signs of stress and to determine whether it is acute or chronic. Coping with daily demands at work can be achieved with simple breathing and relaxation techniques. However, perhaps more effective...
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...time pressures are a source of pressure. Sometime talented workers got unrealistic deadlines and expectation to complete their work. Since they are among the ones who got more experience and . Iknowledge their company rely more on them. Moreover some workers found it difficult to manage their workload. They take more time than expected to complete their work and thus the management put pressure on them. In certain cases, company employed less staff that needed. As a result staffs get more work to do thus causing stress Control The experience of pressure is strongly linked to perceptions of control. Lack of influence and consultation in the way in which work is organized and performed can be a potential source of pressure.Some time workers lack control over the aspect of their job. They take time to take decision and tus delaying the time to submit their work. Every companies has a goal to achieve. They put a number of tagets to achieve them. Workers who are unable to achieve those target fall under stress due to pressure from higher management. Work relationships Many jobs demand regular contact with other people at work. Poor or unsupportive relationships with colleagues and/or supervisors can be a potential source of pressure. In addition, pressure can occur if individuals feel isolated or unfairly treated. Every managers have different managing style. Some are autocrat while others are democrat. Staffs who get autocrat managers are more like to fall under stress since...
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...and safety acts have been expanded to include harm to psychological well-being in the definition of harassment. In jurisdictions that do not have explicit legislation dealing with psychological health in the workplace, the general duty clause would apply. The most important organizational factors that impact organizational health, the health of individual employees and the financial bottom line, including the way work is carried out and the context in which work occurs, are Psychological Support, Organizational Culture, Clear Leadership & Expectations, Civility & Respect, Psychological Job Fit, Growth & Development, Recognition & Reward, Involvement & Influence, Workload Management, Engagement, Balance, Psychological Protection, Protection of Physical Safety. Apart from the aforesaid factors, a key issue affecting an employee’s health is stress. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary defines stress as "the result produced when a structure, system or organism is acted upon by forces that disrupt equilibrium or produce strain". In simpler terms, stress refers to potentially negative physical or mental tensions experienced by a person. A stressor is any event or situation that an individual perceives as a threat; precipitates either adaptation or the...
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...STRESS and COPING Will Seitz ABS 200 11/03/2014 Instructor Clark Ashford University STRESS 1 Throughout the course of this class we have been learning about the different disciplines of applied behavioral science, to understand what applied behavioral science is we have to define it. Applied behavioral science is the application of different disciplines or knowledge of psychology to understand and find solutions to human behavior. Here you would use the specific psychological discipline you are trained in to conduct risk assessments and delve into why we humans do what we do. In week three we were asked to choose a specific case study from a list and follow it through the course, my case study was about stress and coping. The subject of my case study was named Jamiel. I decided on this particular case study because it had to deal with stress and coping, something that everyone deals with on a daily basis. The focus of the study was a series of unfortunate events that kept compounding on top of each other to snowball frustrations into all out panic and the feeling of despair. Stress is a precursor to causing many different kinds of physiological and psychological troubles, but what is stress? Stress according to What is Stress, “Stress occurs when pressure exceeds your perceived ability to cope“, (Palmer & Cooper, 2007). It was this kind of pressure that our case study subject Jamiel had to deal with on his way to the office, once...
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...What is Stress and Anxiety? Stress and anxiety are not one in the same, but they do work hand in hand with one another. Stress allows one to notice alarming or problematic situations in which one would have to counteract the situation to lower their stress levels. Without stress in our lives, we would have no motivation to do anything or go anywhere. Stress helps motivate people to act on certain feelings and emotions. When one cannot adapt to their stress levels, it will start to take over their daily lives. Once this happens, one can recognize symptoms of being ill, having increased anxiety levels, or even start feeling unhappy or fatigued. When these symptoms are noticed, you have a bigger problem. Some can think of anxiety as long term stress. Anxiety is not something that is specific to any given situation. Anxiety is a fear gone wild; a generalized send of dread about something that is out there that seems menacing – but that in truth is not menacing, and may not even be out there [ (Grohol Psy. D., 2013) ]. The Link between Stress and Anxiety Stress can cause many changes within the body of someone where their anxiety and stress have taken over. Stress can reduce hormone function, damage organs, weaken your immune system, put you at greater risk of cancer, can cause memory loss and concentrations issues, and increase your risk of developing mental health disorders [ (Stress and Anxiety, 2013) ]. One of the most important issues stress can cause is mental health disorders...
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...Poor work organization that is the way we design jobs and work systems, and the way we manage them, can cause work stress. Excessive and otherwise unmanageable demands and pressures can be caused by poor work design, poor management and unsatisfactory working conditions. Similarly, these things can result in workers not receiving sufficient support from others or not having enough control over their work and its pressures. Research findings show that the most stressful type of work is that which values excessive demands and pressures that are not matched to workers’ knowledge and abilities, where there is little opportunity to exercise any choice or control, and where there is little support from others. The more the demands and pressures of work are matched to the knowledge and abilities of workers, the less likely they are to experience work stress. The more support workers receive from others at work, or in relation to work, the less likely they are to experience work stress. The more control workers have over their work and the way they do it and the more they participate in decisions that concern their jobs, the less likely they are to experience work stress. Most of the causes of work stress concern the way work is designed and the way in which organizations are managed. Because these aspects of work have the potential for causing harm, they are called ‘stress-related hazards’. The literature on stress generally recognizes nine categories of stress-related hazards and...
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