...Marx’s theory of socialist revolution is grounded on the fundamental principle that “the emancipation of the working class must be the work of the working class itself”. Marx saw that the very social position of the working class within capitalist society as a non-owning, exploited, wealth-producing class forced it to struggle against its capitalist conditions of existence. This “movement” of the working class could be said to be implicitly socialist since the struggle was ultimately over who should control the means of production: the minority capitalist class or the working class (i.e. society as a whole). At first the movement of the working class would be, Marx believed, unconscious and unorganised but in time, as the workers gained more...
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...Political systems a. Socialism b. Democracy 2. Character’s inspiration a. Marx b. Engels 3. Inspiration for others a. Women b. Low-Class Workers B. Klara Zetkin 1. Political Systems a. Socialism b. Democracy 2. Character’s inspiration a. Marx b. Engels 3. Inspiration for others a. Women b. Low-Class workers II. Intentions A. Rosa Luxemburg 1. Ambitions a) Equal right for the women b) Equal social standards for the workers 2. Activities a) Anti-War agitation b) Strikes 3. Ideology a) Social-Democracy b) Marxism B. Klara Zetkin 1. Ambitions c) Equal right for the women d) Equal social standards for the workers 2. Activities c) Anti-war agitation d) Strikes 3. Ideology c) Socialism d) Marxism III. Effects A. Rosa Luxemburg 1. Reputation a. Feminists b. Socialists 2. Accomplishments a. Equal rights b. International Women’s Day 3. Legacy a. Feminism movements b. Communism movements B. Klara Zetkin 1. Reputation a. Feminists b. Communists 2. Accomplishments a. Equal rights b. Party’s women’s movement 3. Legacy a. Feminism movements b. Communism movements In the human history we can find many human rights activists which tried to change our world or their countries. Some of them used the same ideology and ideas...
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...out in August 1914, it has become a litmus test for the entire European socialist party. The Social Democratic Party of Germany has abandoned on all the radical anti-war declarations it has issued, and ultimately supported the German government's war. The reformism that Luxemburg has criticised has so strongly attacked the party's core. Rosa Luxemburg's first fight within the social Democratic Party was aimed at this reform trend. Luxemburg thought that only the capitalist countries were overthrown, and workers mastered the Socialist, then they can get the real power. In the article, Luxemburg criticized the socialist party, the Social Democratic Party (SPD), for ignoring workers' interests in favor of the imperialist parties. The first world war disillusioned Luxemburg's hopes for the workers' revolution. In response to the first world war and German social democratic political collapse, the article revealed the Social Democratic Party's position, and it was betrayed the core of marxist and defended the working class. Luxemburg suggests that the...
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...puts emphasis on the promotion of working class and collective movements like the trade unions. Democratic socialism also believes in state ownership, an extensive welfare state and equality of outcome over liberty. Social democracy on the other hand became popular after the support of democratic socialism had faded; this was partly due to the decline in the working class but also because of the economic boom after the Second World War. Social democracy is a form of revisionist socialism and advocates for some state regulation in a mixed, largely private economy. Equality of opportunity is important along with freedom and fairness being of more importance than equality of outcome. The division between the two ideological stances has occurred throughout the labour party’s history. Under Ramsey Mcdonald in the 1920’s and 30’s the labour party took a democratic socialist stance, as this was the first time there was a labour government, the party was focused much on the left, concentrating on promoting the welfare of working class people demonstrated by Mcdonald’s Coal Miners act that introduced a minimum wage for a year and improved working conditions and safety for the miners. The party at this time also introduced the Wheately Housing Act which introduced 500,000 flats for rent for the working class families. These two acts stem from democratic socialism since they concentrate on the promotion of working class people and the re- distribution of class and wealth in society. During...
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...Socialism means a society restructured according to the working-class principle of solidarity. It means an economy of democratic planning, based on common ownership of the means of production, a high level of technology, education, culture and leisure, economic equality, no material privileges for officials, and accountability. Beyond the work necessary to ensure secure material comfort for all, it means the maximum of individual liberty and autonomy. Working-class socialism - counterposed by Marx and Engels to all forms of "reactionary" or "bourgeois" socialism - builds on the best of what capitalism has achieved, in technology, economic coordination, communications, education, democracy and individual liberty. Revolutionary socialism can be far freer and more democratic than capitalism could conceivably be - through integrating economic and political power in democratic structures, through accountability and provisions for political participation, and through extensive political and individual liberties. At the same time a socialist regime would have the power and the will to allocate sufficient resources for all human needs, so that no individuals or groups would be cast off and cast out as dregs, as they are under capitalism. Socialism is only possible as the result of direct action by the working class. When the current ruling class, the capitalists, took power from the feudal kings and lords, they did so gradually, using wealth they already owned under feudalism, and...
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...overwhelming amount struggles for the working class. Families were forced to send their children to work in factories, jobs paid barley paid enough to scrape by, and jobs were often extremely unsafe. In his book, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair makes it clear that working life in America is miserable, and changes need to be made. For Sinclair this change is socialism, a form of government that focuses on economic equality for all. Sinclair believed that socialism would save the American people from the corruption and greed caused by the capitalistic system, but Americans knew very little of socialism or the possible benefits. Sinclair decided to take the political movement into his...
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...social and political change. One of the most powerful results of the growing uneasiness with the condition of workers was the birth of the movement known as socialism. In the 19th century Europe, socialism focused on worker equality, equitable pay scales and, perhaps most important, humane living and working conditions. Over time, European socialism became politicized, evolving into mass party movements. Utopian socialists, most of whom were French, critiqued the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution. The name “utopian” reflects their dreams of creating a perfectly harmonious way of life. Utopian Socialism is defined as socialism based on a belief that social ownership of the means of production can be achieved by voluntary and peaceful surrender of their holdings by propertied groups . This philosophy emphasized their determination to put forward demands for political and social reform. Utopian socialism was the first form of socialism to come about as well as one of the biggest branches of socialism in the 1800s. They got their name because of their belief in an ideal and perfect world that could...
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...Bourgeois and Proletarians, The Proletarians and Communists, Socialist and Communist Literature, and The Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties. The first section, The Bourgeois and the Proletarians, calls the proletarians to recognize the harsh treatment of the bourgeois towards them. The bourgeois are the land owners that are only worried about the amount of money that they are able to make at the expense of the lower proletarian class. Marx and Engels make their point by comparing these two classes to the older feudal system in which the higher classes survived off the lower classes; however, this modern bourgeois class is abusing the work done by the proletarian class and treating them as just the power to make the modern machines run, nothing more. The proletarian class is the larger of the two classes by being the mass workforce, yet the bourgeois class “must feed them instead of being fed by them”. The proletarian must continue to work and increase capital for the bourgeois, otherwise if they do not there will no longer be a market for their work, therefore, putting them out of work. This starts the basis of why the Communists call to reform over the capitalist way of life. In the next section, Proletarians and Communists, this document shows the common goal that proletarians and Communists share. Capital is what drives the bourgeois class. Communism challenges the bourgeois class by proposing to eliminate the social power that they hold...
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...the name of the collective group. Also, socialism is a social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. History The history of socialism has its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, although it has its precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed ‘scientific socialism’. In the last third of the 19th century in Europe social democratic parties arose in Europe drawing mainly from Marxism. The Australian Labor Party was the world’s first elected socialist party when the party won the 1899 Queensland state election. In the first half of the twentieth century, the Soviet Uniion and the Communist parties of the Third International Around the world mainly came to represent socialism in terms of the Soviet Model of economic development. Founders of Socialism Founders of socialism were early socialist thinkers who included Karl Marx, Clara Zetkin, And the co-leaders of the Russian Revolution, V.I. Lenin and Leon Trotsky. All these Pioneers identified the most downtrodden as the engine of change. Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a Prussian-German...
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...ego. He was a poor student at school and learned very little. As a student at a boarding school in Faenza, Italy, Mussolini stabbed another student, and as a result he was expelled. After receiving his diploma in 1901 he briefly taught secondary school. He went to Switzerland in 1902 to avoid military service, where he associated with other socialists. Mussolini returned to Italy in 1904, spent time in the military, and engaged in politics full time thereafter. Mussolini had become a member of the Socialist Party in 1900 and had begun to attract wide admiration. In speeches and articles he was extreme and violent, urging revolution at any cost, but he was also well spoken. Mussolini held several posts as editor and labor leader until he emerged in the 1912 Socialist Party Congress. He became editor of the party's daily paper, Avanti, at the age of twenty-nine. His powerful writing injected excitement into the Socialist ranks. In a party that had accomplished little in recent years, his youth and his intense nature was an advantage. He called for revolution at a time when revolutionary feelings were sweeping the country. From Socialist to Fascist Mussolini...
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...is inevitably a step in the direction of the FAR RIGHT "ending in Fascism." Yet history has demonstrated that both political extremes share a basic common appeal to the “masses” and depend on a collectivist ideology that glorifies abstractions such as "The Nation," "The People," "The Throne" or "The Working Class." On the eve of World War II, various so called “Right Wing” authoritarian regimes of the conservative, traditional, national and religious type (always considered by the Left to be "proto-Fascist") in Ethiopia (Emperor Haile Selassi), Austria (the “Clerical-Fascist” regime of Engelbert Dollfus and Kurt Schuschnigg), Poland (General Jozef Pilsudski and his successors), Yugoslavia (General Simovic and his supporters in the armed forces) and Greece (Ionnas Metaxas), all stood up and opposed Hitler and the Axis forces that threatened to blackmail, intimidate and subjugate their nations. All these leaders were labeled as “Fascist” by Soviet and Left-Wing propaganda up until the German invasion of the USSR in 1941. The Spanish Civil War has frequently been portrayed as an epic struggle between the forces of the LEFT (variously identified as progressive, liberal, socialist, internationalist, democratic and "anti-Fascist") and the RIGHT (labeled reactionary, conservative, religious, and "anti-democratic"). In American political discourse, “Fascist!” is the ultimate epithet bandied about and frequently hung around the neck of those who value constitutional safeguards...
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...The Cultural Revolution lasted for a decade and saw the fragmentation of China only ending after yielding seemingly little benefit to anyone involved. Mao Zedong was foremostly, and most successfully, a revolutionary and much of his life had been spent seeking to fundamentally transform China. Mao’s goal, to form a new strong and prospering China, required the creation of a new national sense of being through the Cultural Revolution. To forge a new society and culture, rid of entrenched feudal ways was considered absolutely necessary with the omnipresent shadow of the New Culture Movement, which had been frustrated by the size of the task. Only a mass movement by the entire nation to reform themselves could succeed. Mao found his answer in the political philosophy of Marx and Lenin whose work he synthesised and altered, eventually focusing on the potentially revolutionary aspects of widespread revolution. Mao made a significant contribution to Marxist philosophy by concluding that in order to keep the results of a revolution in place, the revolution too had to be permanent. Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, motivated by this genuine desire to preserve and protect the revolution by making it impossible for China’s leaders to become comfortable and lead the nation to regress to capitalism. The Communist victory in 1949 and subsequent decade of control saw some slow improvements in the life of the ordinary Chinese, and few leaders of the CCP were adamant that a revolution was...
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...Britain during the Victorian age where the way of life for the common laborer completely changed, as the text describes: Transformations in the production of textiles led to the first and most dramatic break with age-old practices … by the beginning of the Victorian period, the Industrial Revolution had already created profound economic and social changes. Hundreds of thousands of workers had migrated to the industrial towns … Employers often preferred to hire women and children, who worked for even less money than men (1581). Prose writer Henry Mayhew and poets Elizabeth Barret Browning and William Morris offer profound insight into the hardships of industrialism and its effect upon the poorest laborers, child workers and socialist political movements during the Victorian era of Great Britain. The poor and common laborer suffered greatly during the progress of industrialism. The advent of technological advances caused a great deal of influx in labor pools, as the text describes: “and increase in agricultural efficiency that released much of the workforce from field labor” (1580). The increase in the labor pool from the traditional agriculturally based economy sent many workers flooding into crowded industrial centers that were unable to house and feed such a surplus in workers from the surrounding country. Prose writer Henry Mayhew whose interviews...
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...Socialism High Point University ECO 207 Tony Benjamin Socialism Socialist government is not state government. It would not rule over people and places, but would empower the people to rule over things. Socialism means a government in which the people collectively own and democratically operate the industries and social services through an economic democracy (SLP 2006). Under socialism, it is his/her fellow citizens and co-workers who create the policies and conditions for its community and working environment. It is they who establish local criteria through local independent boards, commissions and councils, acting in a democratic fashion. It is the people who have the authority, the ownership and control of the communities and their workplaces, and not the government nor a small group of executives or military brass (SLP 2006). Historically, in the early 1900’s, it was the Socialists who advocated a 40-hour work week, and a six-day work week; plus, child labor laws, workers compensation, unemployment insurance, social security, Medicare, collective bargaining, woman’s suffrage, and civil rights(Moore 2009). Socialists solely opposed World War I, which was ultimately fought for gold, money and corporate greed. Neither the Republicans nor the Democrats embraced these concepts until much later in the century. The Socialist council directs regional, state and federal governments how to administer a national health system, a quality housing plan, full educational...
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...Socialists are inspired by the wish to improve the quality of life for all members of society. They believe in a political and social structure characterized by robust government direction in political, fiscal and and social strategy. Another important idea is the redistribution of wealth to equalize inequalities intrinsic in a free-market economy. Socialism emphasizes equality rather than achievement, and values workforce by the quantity of time they put in rather than by the amount of value they produce. It also makes people reliant on the state for everything from food to health care. Critical values of socialism are equality, solidarity, and empowerment throught collective action. Example of the socialist view can be found in the Socialist Labour Party on Education based on the believe that all individuals have a basic right to unrestricted, high-quality education from infancy through to old age,The Socialist Labour Party proposes the implementation of free creche, play group and nursery provision for all children, and full-time school-based nursery provision from the age of three. The Scocialist labour Party argues that All privatised education services, Such as faith schools,and private colleges and their assets must be returned to local public control.They argue that proper administration of nurseries, schools, colleges or universities is utterly incompatible with privatisation in any form. The Socialist Labour Party is dedicated to the full reinstatement of trade union...
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